Chemical chaikosha goridhe: ehupfumi. Sei kuwana ndarama?

Nhasi, ndarama iri aikoshesa pose. Hapana musikana asina vaifungidzira ane zvishongo zvendarama. The inokosha simbi akawana guru kukurumbira kwenguva yakareba. Kunyange munguva dzekare zvaiitirwa tichibatsirwa nezvishongo, mazango uye nemidziyo. Nhasi kutenga zvishongo zvegoridhe ari dura. Vazhinji zvishongo zvitoro kupa zvakawanda hombe.

A Nhoroondo shoma

vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti ndarama - ndiwo simbi wakatanga yakawanikwa nevanhu. Kubvira neolithic yaitonga anotanga nyaya kuwanikwa makemikari Kufananidzira. Gold anoverengeka zvemakore asati auya yedu chaishandiswa chaizvo muIjipiti yekare, China, Rome, uye India. The kutaurwa inokosha simbi anogona kuwanikwa "Odyssey", Bhaibheri nemamwe Zvivako mabhuku ekare. The masayendisiti ekare rinonzi goridhe "mambo simbi." A akasarudzwa izvozvo chiratidzo kwezuva.

Munzvimbo idzodzo, kuti nzvimbo yechizvarirwo vokutanga kwenzanga sezvo nguva uye akatanga kuchera ndarama pamwero. Ndiyo kweMediterranean, Indus Valley, North Africa. Gold anoda kumbova oga. Kakawanda, izvozvo rinowanikwa mururimi chimiro. Munguva dzekare simbi dzakatorwa manually. Kusimudza mumwe giremu nendarama, vaifanira kushanda masikati nousiku.

Achisonganira siyana nenzvimbo Zvakawanikwa nhoroondo kwemakemikari maatomu akafanana. Gold aigona kuonekwa anenge pakarepo panyika itsva.

Gold zvakasikwa

Gold ndiyo makemikari chinhu zvakasikwa rinoparadzirwa zvikuru zvakakwana. On avhareji iri lithosphere raiva pamusoro 4.3 × 10 ^{- 7%,} inobva uremu. simbi mutengo kumusoro nokuda kunzwisisa kwayo kugadzirwa. Gold inowanikwawo igneous namatombo. Pano apararira. goko The Earth wacho aumbwa hydrothermal dhipoziti goridhe, iyo inoita basa rinokosha mune indasitiri. Munguva chizvarwa mamiriro, simbi iyi kazhinji mined mu ores. Chete zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko, zvicherwa zviri bismuth, namavara akanaka, selenium uye zvichingodaro. D.

Gold ndiyo makemikari Kufananidzira ndawana ari biosphere. Pano, izvozvo migrates akabatana siyana Organic yeimwe. kazhinji rwizi suspensions vanogona kuwana simbi. Imwe fő rwokuzvarwa mvura ringave riine anenge 4 × 10 ^-9% anokosha simbi. Munzvimbo umo deposits yegoridhe pasi goridhe chinogona kuvapo yakakura akawanda. Sezvinoratidzwa nenhoroondo kwemakemikari maatomu akafanana, ndarama akakwanisa kuwana kunyange wechinhu deposits yose simbi inokosha iri muvhu.

Nhasi, ndarama iri mined munyika 40. The chikuru matura inokosha simbi iri kusimbiswa muna Kishi nyika, Canada, South Africa.

ehupfumi zvokunyama anokosha simbi

Gold - ndiko ductile simbi. Iye nyore kubatwa zvokuimba kushushikana. Gold unhu hwakanaka zvinogona elongated mu waya kana ndokugadzira kupinda sandara machira. Metal ndiko husingakwanisi siyana namakemikari zvinofurira, nyore kuita nemagetsi uye nokupisa. Gold arambe achirema pa nzvimbo tembiricha iri pamusoro 19.32 g / masendimita ^3.

Chemical eremendi Gold Paaiita chinopenya yero pasina nouipi. Asi nendarama yakaisvonaka zvakasikwa kushanda zvikasaitika. Kunyange mubhangi rine simbi nembariro havasi mune zvakakwana yakachena mamiriro. Zvakasikwa, richiwanika pamwe kuwedzera sirivha, mhangura uye zvakafanana. D.

Gold zviri nyore zvokuti yakabwinyiswa. Nemhaka zvakanaka tichifungisisa mano simbi iri chaizvo anoongwa mu zvishongo. Zvinoshamisa kuti simbi anokosha kuburikidza matetetete runogona kunyange chiedza chezuva. Panguva iyoyo vacharamba kuchiderera tembiricha. Haasi masanga ari ano rokuvaka makemikari chinhu goridhe rinoshandiswa kuti mahwindo tinting.

Chemical ehupfumi dzendarama

Sezvo nyaya kuwanikwa makemikari Kufananidzira, Gold rave richizivikanwa kubvira kare kare pakuonekwa periodic table. Asi kwake simbi anodada nzvimbo. Table Gold zvinoratidzwa ane mabhomba kuwanda 79 uye runotaurwa nemabhii Latin Au. anokosha simbi valency mu makemikari kazhinji +1 kana +3.

Kwemazana emakore akawanda, mishonga vakapedza guru mari kwakaita goridhe. It Vakawana kuti okisijeni nesarufa, vane hwehasha zvainoita nesimbi vakawanda, ndarama asina zvachose hapana simba. An Kunze kungava chete zvayo maatomu pamusoro pemvura.

Zvinoumba goridhe anosarudza ayo namakemikari ehupfumi. The simbi hazvirevi sei pamwe phosphorus, rehydrogen, senitrogen. Asi halogens Gold anoumba remubatanidzwa kana kupopotedzana. Sezvo kuiisa chlorine uye bromine mvura kunoitika maitiro kunyange nzvimbo tembiricha. reagents izvi zvinowanikwa chete mumarabhoritari. Asi upenyu njodzi kuti simbi angava mhinduro ine potassium iodide uye ayodhini.

Mineral acids uye alkali kakawanda musaita nendarama. Zvinonzi kwakavakirwa pfuma iyi nzira dzokuziva nderechokwadi inokosha simbi. vanhu vashoma vanoziva sei kuwana ndarama zvishongo pakati zhinji. Kushongedza akadurura nitric acid. Gold pasi pokudzora makemikoro hakuzochinji rwayo. Asi dzimwe simbi anogona sei.

Sei kuwana ndarama?

Vazhinji goridhe mined kubva alluvial deposits. Izvi anoshandisa decantation nzira. Zvinonzi inobva musiyano pakati arambe achirema kurenje padombo uye goridhe. How kuti yepamusoro goridhe, vazive chete nenyanzvi chaidzo.

Dzakakurumbira nzira dzakadai cyanidation uye amalgamation. Saka isu akatanga kuchera goridhe mu America uye Africa mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore. Nhasi chikuru deposits ndizvo zvinotisimbisa chikuru inokosha simbi. The sezvamunoita kungaenderana mhando goridhe dziri pedyo. Uye pamusoro okunze kwezvakatipoteredza.

Pakutanga dombo goridhe wapera uye zvakaipa pamwe kugadzirisa kuti yavaibvisa kana potassium cyanide. The acho akanga pasi acheneswe kubudikidza electrolysis. Pre-kugadzira zvokuishambidza hydrochloric asidhi mhinduro. Kana ano Rwako kuburikidza dombo netsvina kunokurumidziswa sezvo sludge. Zvinoguma rakanatswa anokosha simbi.

Apo goridhe rinoshandiswa?

Vakawanda vanoziva goridhe muchimiro zvishongo. Zvichakadai, simbi iri zvinowanzoshandiswa maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. The Zvinoumba ndarama kungava siyanei. Kazhinji kushandiswa alloys pamwe nedzimwe simbi. Saka kwete chete anoponesa zvinhu zvinodhura, asi kunowedzerawo simba raro. simbi Precious hunowedzera husingakwanisi siyana zvokuimba kukuvara.

Kunaka goridhe, iro rinoshandiswa indasitiri, akasarudzwa mharidzo. Saka zvinoita kuti tizive kuti mashoko ari "wakachena". Kakawanda rakasanganiswa anokosha simbi mhangura. Alloys nesirivha aitwe magetsi mapurani. kupfuura dzinodhura ndivo alloys endarama uye Platinum. Akadaro zvinhu zvaishandiswa zvishongo indasitiri, uyewo kugadzirwa mishonga nemishonga michina. The goridhe remubatanidzwa kubva pakutanga XX remakore uye achiri kushandiswa mifananidzo. Kushandisa makemikari chaikosha toning akanga aita.

Gold ive chinhu unyanzvi

The zvishongo zvegoridhe yakashandiswa kubva kare. Nhasi, ichi mhando indasitiri ndechimwe chezvinhu purofiti. zvakawanda hwakagadzirwa vagadziri, akabvumira kuyerera. Asi akakodzera nhasi zvemaoresa ruoko-yakaitwa. Manufacturing mishonga iyi - unyanzvi kuti zvakakodzera.

Sezvo paiva kuwanikwa makemikari Kufananidzira, ndarama, vanhu vakatanga kushandisa kugadzirwa zvishongo uye zvakasiyana yakarongedzwa. Nhasi, vagadziri kwete chete kuva zvigadzirwa, asi basa ravo, vane mari yakanaka. Manual basa pavanoparidza rinodhura zvinhu anopa yakanaka mugumisiro. chishongo zvose chinhu chakanaka uye yepakutanga.

Gold ari upfumi

In mashoko chinokosha Kugadzirwa ndiwo mashandiro zvakasikwa nerokuti ndarama. Kukosha ichi simbi zvakaoma hunokosha. The acho ane kushandisa ukoshi. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, chicherwa hunokosha kunogona kunyange kutsiva mari. Uye ndarama iri mutengo nokuda ehupfumi ayo. Inogona kuita zvakanakisisa mari chinokosha. Gold inochengeterwa kwenguva refu, hazvina kupa nemakemikari nemishonga, nyore yakakamukana uye kupatsanurwa.

Mumwe chete nomuzariro zvinogona kushandiswa indasitiri, uye zvakare, kana processing diki - kuwana mifananidzo kuti kugadzirwa zvishongo. Tinogona kutaura kuti izvi simbi anokosha usingafi.

rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura

Kare goridhe raishandiswa chete kugadzirwa zvishongo. Uyezve, zvava rakaisvonaka achishandisa nemari uye upfumi kuwanda. Vaya vaiziva sei kuti ndarama, haana kufunga nezvazvo mangwana. Pashure pezvose, zvinokosha simbi mutengo rakanyatsojeka zvinodhura nguva dzose.

Nhasi, goridhe rinoshandiswa chaizvo kugadzirwa Mari. Asi mari aibuda chicherwa inokosha hakuiti ndokuyerera. Mari kana Gráfica inochengetwa zvemari masangano ari muchimiro nemari. Bhizimisi inokosha nesimbi vava nenguva yepamusoro kukurumbira. Saka haugoni kuponesa chete mari, asi kuwedzera navo.

Izvo zvinoreva mharidzo?

With kukura indasitiri, makambani akawanda vakadzidza kuti unhu zvishongo rinotarira husingakuvadzi indistinguishable kubva nendarama chaiyo. An anonyengera mutengesi anogona kutengesa nyore nyengedzeka mutengi "pacifier". Naizvozvo, munhu wose anofanira kuziva sei kusarudza zvakanaka goridhe chigadzirwa.

Chikuru kunaka inokosha simbi iri pakutsvaga Kuparara. Kunyange kana kwezvishongo chakatengeswa kubva kunze kwenyika, tsikisa hurumende yakaiswa pamusoro payo. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa zvinobikwa 585-fung mharidzo. Inosanganisira 58,5% yakaisvonaka. Articles 999 kusvika vakawanda rokutengesa regai kuitika. Asi mbariro dzinozadza hurumende goridhe Fund aikosha 990 ivhu.

Chii ruvara achakuudza?

Nyaya Golden zvakafanana mharidzo anogona dzinosiyana ruvara. The pakuonekwa rapera chinhu kunobva netsvina. Platinum uye nickel chiwanikwa zvakabatanidzwa raita mimvuri. Copper uye cobalt tikwanise kuwana zvishongo rima.

Anonakidzwa mukurumbira zvikuru nhasi ndokumuka goridhe. Yakadaro chiwanikwa rinogadzirirwa nokuwedzera sirivha uye mhangura. Asi imwe chete goridhe dema akasikwa pachishandiswa cobalt uye chromium. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vatengi overpay kuti nefashoni. Zviri chendarama chigadzirwa kunogona kushoma. Kushongedza inogona vasingadzoreki pashure pemakore mashomanana. Naizvozvo, sarudzo achiri zvakakodzera kupa ainakidza yeyero simbi.

How kuzosimbisa unhu chidimbu zvishongo?

Vazhinji ungada kuziva kukosha kwezvishongo kwechokwadi. Unogona kuenda voga nyanzvi, asi muchiitiko chino, mugumisiro haringapiwi rakanyorwawo. Chaiwo chikamu goridhe netsvina iri zvishongo chinhu rinogona kurondedzerwa muna State rokuongorora munhu akaidza kuzvidzora. Zvichitevera nzira imwe chitupa wakabudiswa kuti mutengi, inosimbisa unhu. The chigadzirwa pacharo panguva kuongororwa asingadi kuderera.

Where kutenga goridhe?

Zvose zvinoenderana mukuru zvinangwa. Kana uchida kutenga nhindi zvishongo sechipo, unogona kuenda kune unyanzvi chitoro. Zvizhinji isingadhuri yepamusoro zvishongo zvegoridhe inogona kutengwa paIndaneti. Zvatinofarira unopiwa kune zvetsika nendarama tsvuku. It simbi inokosha yakachena chimiro iri huri kupfuura mari. chigadzirwa akadaro kuchapedza kwenguva refu uye kunyange kuva nhaka.

dzakakodzera bhangi goridhe Gráfica nokuda inivhesitimendi. sangano zvemari mumwe anopa pachake ezvinhu ayo nokuda kuzviwanira goridhe. Asi zvikuru zvinobatsira upfumi vari hazvo iko rakavimbika. Sarudzo inofanira kupiwa nemabhengi, zvange uchishanda kwemakore anopfuura 10 makore uye kugamuchira nyaya dzinovaka kubva huripo vatengi.