Chii chinonzi achiita zvokutemera? Vintage achiita zvokutemera (mufananidzo)

Chii chinonzi achiita zvokutemera? mubvunzo uyu inofarirwa nevakawanda. Mune dzimwe sonorous wokumwe shoko iri chokuita mufananidzo mubhaibheri nyaya pamusoro simbi kana ibwe puranga, vamwe vanodavira kuti iyi inongova kudhirowa, wakavezwa nebanga patafura.

Kunyange zvakadaro, mubvunzo: "Chii Prints?" - hazvigoni vakapindura zvisingarevi zvakawanda, sezvo mabikirwo Graphics zvikuru kunzwisisa. Asi munhu anogona kutaura chokwadi. Achiita zvokutemera - ichi chinokosha mhando yakajeka unyanzvi, ine kunoshamisa Artists ayo uye tenzi consummate.

achiita zvokutemera midziyo

Unyanzvi kupenda hakudi chero unyanzvi nzira, kuwedzera kuva romubati brushes, palette uye easel. Chimwe chinhu - rinodhindira kuti zvinoda munhu multi-zvekushandisa kurovedzwa, pamwe yakawanda yomuedzo Zara. Asi zvino nei zvakakodzera? Hazvisi nyore kuti mufananidzo uye usapedza nguva uye simba pamusoro makopi aro akawanda. The zvakawanda kuti iwe wechokwadi haashiviriri repetitions. Asi pano, nheyo iyi hakushandi. achiita zvokutemera zvazviri yacho kujairika, pavanoteka mamiriro nemazango.

Graphics vakawana zvokudhinda nzira inonzi "anodhinda". Zvisinei, anodhinda - a anodhinda kubva chero chepakutanga uye kudhindwa - imhaka pamwe chifananidzo chakavezwa Dombo. Ndeipi achiita zvokutemera mumaonero mukugadzira zvigadzirwa? Simple kumonyanisa umo zvakakodzera achizviendesa bepa pepa kuti puranga, iyo kare kuiswa pendi. bepa iri ipapo vachinyatsoongorora kuparadzaniswa bhodhi - uye akagadzirira kudhinda.

Metal nehuni

Art Prints hakusi anodhinda, uye anogadzira zvinhu yepakutanga, iyo unogona zvino chero nhamba makopi. Akasimba ndiye zvinhu zviri kuvaka "puranga", ndipo pazvidhindo vachava kuwanikwa. The sokunyorwa muri mhando mbiri: yakakwirira uye gravure yokudhinda. nzira yokutanga ndiyo yepakutanga zvinoyevedza rusesi of girazi, nenzira kuti dhayi zvaitambidzwa bepa achibva kuruvanze penyika vakatongoparadzwa muenzaniso. A nzira yechipiri inopa kuti pendi inopfuurira papepa kubva pakadzika akauzadza kune "bhodhi".

Unyanzvi yakatanga muzana remakore rechi15, kubva ipapo kakawanda dzakachinjwa. Achiita zvokutemera mapuranga pakutanga zvakagadzirwa papepa mhangura sendarama nyoro simbi. Gare gare, paiva xylographic michina iri iyo bhodhi richivezwa kubva huni hwakasimba. Nzira iyi yave shoma nguva-pakuzadza, kunze zvaigoneka kusika multi-ruvara rinodhindira. Nokuti chinangwa ichi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti mapuranga mashoma akasiyana urongwa mufananidzo zvinhu. Jira rakaiswa rave mumwe puranga, pamwe zvenguva nokuomesa, apo mumwe ruvara mufananidzo rwaiwanikwa.

mazambiringa achiita zvokutemera

Prints vakava kwakapararira muzana remakore rechi15. The Prints zvinokosha vakasikwa panguva imwecheteyo, mu okudhindira womufananidzo wokuGermany Martin Schongauer uye Albrehta Dyurera. Hatidi kubva kwavari vokuItaly Andrea Mantegna uye Antonio Pollaiuolo.

Muzana remakore rechi16 uri anodhinda uri rave richizivikanwa mu Europe achiita zvokutemera akamutswa kuti pamwero mukuru uri, zvikurukuru nemhaka ounyanzvi kubudikidza Dürer, akadai sokuti "The Four mabhiza," "Coat of maoko Rufu," "Melancholia".

Mugumo remakore rechi16 kwakaratidza maari nechisimba muna unyanzvi achiita zvokutemera, nyore vanodhirowa vari kare, paiva nevamwe, achicheka kuburikidza zvemichina kwazova akaoma, yakafanana uye muchinjikwa-hatching anogona kuzadzisa tarenda kunoguma kuwana komberedza mutsindo kushanda uye mutambo chiedza uye pamumvuri. Figure vawana zviratidzo yokunatswa yaiva nhangaruvanze mamwe kuvandudzika unyanzvi.

budiriro Prints

Artists vakatanga kushandisa etching pamusoro simbi nechigadziko uye akagamuchira etching zvigadzirwa, izvo yakatumbuka zvizere simba chete muzana remakore rechi17. A kupenya portraitist Rembrandt vakaaitawo rinodhindira uye kubudirira zvikuru kubudirira munda uyu. Artist Zhan Kallo akatsaurira zvachose upenyu hwake kuti unyanzvi achiita zvokutemera uye akasika maberere pamusoro Portraits vakararama panguva yake. Klod Lorren kufarira shanduro emifananidzo vake zvinyorwa. A Rubens akaronga chaiyo workshop, izvo kuburitswa mifananidzo yake.

kukurumbira

Remakore rechi17 rakanga yendarama makore kukura itsva uri - mavara uye etchings. List pamusoro Genres umo womufananidzo inoshanda, zvose kuwedzerwa. Ava vaiva Portraits uye nharaunda, anofudza, hondo zvikamu, achiri lifes, mhuka uye vagari megungwa. vemifananidzo vakawanda nguva vakanga anokudzwa kuedza ruoko rwavo pana unyanzvi achiita zvokutemera. Paiva rose Albums, vakabatana thematically pamusoro Scene uye hwokudhirowa chikonzero. Reururai akakurumbira satirical etchings pamusoro Hogarth, Daniel Chodowiecki vakasiyana dzinotevedzana sokunyorwa Francisco Goya.

Art Prints muJapan

Japan, inozivikanwa unyanzvi tsika yayo, haana aenda kure. Japanese Prints - ndiyo marongera yose tsika nyika, chikamu chayo National unyanzvi. Nyaya yokutanga rinodhindira, "ukiyo-e" rine midzi yawo muzana remakore rechi17. Ipapo Japanese Chipuranga yakadhindwa nhema uye chena. Mukutanga remakore rechi18, vemifananidzo kunge akasuma ruvara kudhinda, uye "ukiyo-e" kushandurwa.

Achiita zvokutemera muJapan arasikirwe chipa uye akanakidzwa zvishoma kudiwa. Ivo zvinomiririra zvatinoona paupenyu vanhuwo zvavo. Izvi anonyanya chakanaka Geisha (yaiva huru musoro), ipapo akafamba sumo mutsimba, uye munzvimbo rechitatu vaiva vatambi vakakurumbira pakati Kabuki yemitambo. Kwapera nguva, izvozvo akapinda mufashoni nzvimbo achiita zvokutemera.

Kuchengetedzwa chinokosha zvinhu

The etchings dzakakurumbira, zvose akwegura uye achangopfuura, muri systematized. Achiita zvokutemera mifananidzo dziripo veruzhinji, ine nhamba yayo uye, sezvo mutemo, rinonyoreswa. Izvi kuitira kuti unyanzvi kukosha kwayo yakaramba isina kumbobatwa. Rare zviitiko, zvakadai ounyanzvi Albrehta Dyurera, vari pasi kudzivirira UNESCO. Nyika-akakurumbira kana kunyanya zvinokosha mavara, mapikicha uye reproductions izvo dziri munzvimbo chaiyo Directories Interpol, kudzivirirwa anokosha mabasa.

modernity

Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, kukura achiita zvokutemera sezvo unyanzvi fomu mberi. Pasi pokutonga Soviet, paiva yose chizvarwa matarenda Artists vakabudirira vakashanda mumunda etchings uye rinodhindira. Munguva iyi achiita zvokutemera ruzivo ayo inotevera simuka, kuswedera kunyanya kuoma, mashoko ake akauya kwamvura yacheka makumbo. Muna 30-ies kuumbwa Russian, uye gare gare Soviet achiita zvokutemera chikoro, vakaisawo nokuda matarenda vaimbi, uyewo avo vadzidzi. Tariro pakuzadzisa unyanzvi etching loomed muraraungu. Zvadaro, mumakore prewar, achiita zvokutemera akava posita, uye ayo mukurumbira yadzikira zvikuru.

Pashure peHondo Yenyika II kwemakore anoda kusvika 20 makore, chete rinodhindira zvakabudiswa senzira chipa asi inoshanda anoparadzirwa Soviet. Pari unyanzvi achiita zvokutemera ari stalemate, hapana zvitsva iyi, vemifananidzo uye vakura mubasa rokutengesa zvirongwa. Kunyange zvazvo nhasi pamusoro mubvunzo zvakataurwa achiita zvokutemera, chero Russian munzvimbo kupa mhinduro izere. Zvichida pachava mhando itsva rinodhindira mune ramangwana, nokuti uri anokwanisa vamutsidzirwezve mu guises itsva.