Chii chinonzi miziyamu? A pfupi digression

Museum! Kufanana akawanda pfungwa iri shoko iri! A zvinoverengeka rarities zviri mukati parinouya, uyewo avo mutengo. Vamwe Exhibits asina mutengo, nokuti akachengetedzwa imwe chete kopi vanhu vose! Chii chinonzi miziyamu? Kubva esayenzi maonero, chinhu magariro kupfungwa izvo anounganidza, zvidzidzo, kuchengeta zvose mabasa ounyanzvi, zvesainzi, uyewo nhoroondo uye dzimwe pazvinoitwa kwevanhu. Kazhinji, mamiziyamu zhinji vanobatanidzwa uyewo kunofambira, achifumura zvinoratidza dzavo anokosha vanoonekwa.

Umo makanga miziyamu?

Zvakatanga apo vamwe kubva private kuunganidza (zvichiri kurarama). Chii chinonzi miziyamu? Munguva dzekare nyaya "aungane" vakanga ainyanya unyanzvi. KuMiddle Ages, kuunganidza mifananidzo, chechi zvombo, zvisaririra zvevasande. A mamiziyamu nesayenzi yokutanga kanowanikwa Europe (Renaissance). Vari hunodzorwa zvicherwa, maturusi yokutsvakurudza, ethnographic zvinhu. Wokutanga miziyamu paruzhinji muRussia - Ichokwadi, Curiosities! Sehwaro ayo muunganidzwa akabatwa muunganidzwa Peter Mukuru, zvombo, zvinyorwa, mifananidzo uye zvivezwa akasiyana marudzi, uyewo zvokushandisa, michina, zvishandiso zvokuti kufarira mutongi.

Kupatsanura uye basa

Kazhinji, vose mamiziyamu zvenyika vakakamurwa mhando vafambi yebasa yevanhu rakaratidzwa iri kuratidza. Saka, pane nhoroondo, unyanzvi, zvekushandisa, mabhuku, zvesayenzi uye tsvakurudzo masangano. Kunewo mamwe marudzi vakavhengana pamusoro mamiziyamu, uye izvi zvinowanikwa kakawanda. Somuenzaniso, dzesayenzi-zvedzidzo kana nhau dzakaitika-chaiko. Kune mamiziyamu, rakasungirirwa nzvimbo yakati kana chimwe munhu. Somuenzaniso, Aivazovsky Museum iri Crimea. Zvose nemasangano aya vane vamwe mabasa chokuita dzidzo uye kurovedzwa, paumbwe aesthetic maonero enyika, kupangidza zviitiko kuti vakatora nzvimbo munzanga panguva. Uye zvakare - nesangano zvinokuvaraidza, akadai chikoro vana kana vadzidzi. Padanho kukura "museology" anotaura zvakananga pamusoro nemagariro pamwero nyika uye vanhu vanogara mairi. Nokuti nzira vanhu ndohwaJehovha kare - kunodzivirira uye anokudza iye kana inokanganikwa - nayo kwagara pakutsanangura nguva ramangwana dzavanhu uye nyika.

The Zvivako rokuchera uye kuchengeta

Chii chinonzi miziyamu? Kutsunga kupa chero duramazwi kana enisaikoropidhiya. MuchiGiriki, ndiwo - "Imba afungisisa anoti", kuti ndiyo nzvimbo uko afungisisa anoti vanogara. Pakutanga, pfungwa pachayo chinorehwa dzakaunganidzwa unyanzvi zvinhu. Gare gare - uye nzvimbo (chivako), apo Exhibits dziri. With kukura Internet panewo rakapotsa mamiziyamu kuripo chete zvemagetsi chimiro. Uyewo wakanaka panoram uye Tours zvakanyorwa pamusoro Disc. Izvozvowo, munoona, zviri nyore chaizvo. Pashure pezvose, chinyorwa ichi inogona kuonekwa pasina pamba uye pasina kuenda pose! Asi, kunze kwokuti Museum iri, isu kureva chikuru nesangano rokuchera, kuchengeta uye dzairamba ruzhinji kuratidza Exhibits.

In Europe,

Kubvira muzana remakore rechi18 kusvikira zvino voruzhinji kuona - chinhu chinokosha muupenyu munyika dzakawanda. The miziyamu yokutanga ye "anoratidza" - UK muLondon (1753). Panguva yake kushanya aifanira kunyorwa! In France, Louvre (1793) akatanga urongwa voruzhinji vanhu vaida kuona Exhibits vanoonekwa vari mumidziyo, kuti zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kubata, sezvazvakaita zvino.

The dzakakurumbira

1. Louvre. It riri mu France. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu mamiziyamu munyika, chetatu kukosha kwayo. Zvayaiva pamahombekombe ari Seine (kurudyi), mumoyo Paris. Zviri French National Museum. The ounyanzvi dzakakurumbira kuchengeterwa imomo, "Mona Lisa" (mifananidzo guru Da Vinci), "Yana Milosskaya", "Nika Samofrakiyskaya" (rekare rechiGiriki chivezwa).

2. Underground. Kuti tinzwisise zvinorehwa pashoo iri miziyamu - chaiye, mukuru - unofanira kushanyira Museum iri, iro riri mu New York. It riri mupaki musi Fifth Avenue. Rakavakwa boka iyi muna 1870 kubva anozivikanwa Exhibits zvikuru vanoonekwa ikoko, zvinoratidza yeEgipita, Africa uye Eastern yakanyungudutswa, mifananidzo kubudikidza changes uye Leonardo.

3. Hermitage. Iri Russia, uye ane hombe wemabhuku Exhibits, pane kuti mabasa mamiriyoni matatu nemagariro sezvivako. chivezwa ichi, kupenda uye vakashandisa unyanzvi zvinhu uye zvishongo maberere (okuchengetera Gold uye Diamond). Kazhinji, kuti tinzwisise kuti munhu miziyamu ndechokuti, zvakakodzera, kanenge kamwe muupenyu kushanyira Hermitage!

Of vanonzi "Mumamiziyamu kuti vakuru," zvakanakisisa anozivikanwa muEgipita, British, Vatican Museum, National Gallery nevamwe.

Chii miziyamu chevana?

Pakati zvinofadza zvikuru zvevana masangano orudzi urwu pakutanga, zvichida, zvinotora Steiger Toy Museum, riri muCzech Republic. Rine rakasiyana muunganidzwa vana, izvo chaienda kwemakore akawanda. Pano uye mazambiringa Christmas zvishongo, uye varwi netini, chitoyi uye zvakawanda ano. kutangwa Izvi inopindirana zvizere kwayo basa - dzidzo chizvarwa chevechiduku kuburikidza nokudzidza nhoroondo.

More vana sei nomusoro weBhaibheri: miziyamu Sharlya koira kuFrance, uko vakomana kusangana kwokufananidzira fairytale kutaurwa kuti wakisi; Museum of Astrid Lindgren muSweden, uyewo Museum uye Moomin Museum of Magic muEngland. Ivo Akaisvonaka kwavowo, asi pane zvakafanana: vana ikoko havadi kusiya!