Chii biomechanics kuna Meyerhold?

Pakati huru yemitambo vatungamiri Vsevoloda Emilevicha Meyerholda zita inomira zvishoma kunze. Zvichida chikonzero akatsunga kunzwisiswa uye kunyanyokwidziridzwa inopenya unhu. Kana zviremera zveSoviet zvakaedza retouch zvawakakanganisa uye edza tisingatauri zita murume matarenda akanga vapfurwa 1940. Asi kukura yemitambo, akaita chipo chikuru. Vakasikwa musiki kukuru kwenyika kudzidzisa vatambi vose vakapinda muupenyu yemitambo inonzi "Biomechanics pakati Meyerhold."

Changing tsika

Vsevolod Meyerhold yakatanga biomechanics - kwete kungova chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mugadziriro kurovedza mutambi, uyo akazviratidza pakutanga maviri remakore uye vakawana kukura kwayo mabasa vakawanda vatsivi uye vadzidzi. By pezvawakaita, ivo biomechanics ose Meyerhold - chinhu chisinganzwisisiki vanonakidza rokusika chichiitwa, izvo zvinofanira nokududzirwawo rinobatanidza chechinyorwa. The zviviri kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro nzvimbo chezvinonhuwira kwegadziriro mutambi kana pane incarnations dzakawanda. Mumwe wavo anofarira chairo zvokuimba kushanda kunoita muviri - ndaisagona uye oneka. Chimwe chezvinonhuwira sokuedza kusunda yepanyama puranga, simudza padanho kukura, kuti vabudirire yakanaka.

The echimurenga chaizvo unyanzvi inozivikanwa biomechanics pamusoro Meyerhold, ndiko kuti creators ayo vanotenda basa munyori wemitambo uye mutungamiriri chete regadziriro Danho. Zvose mupfungwa yokuremedzwa kutamba aifanira kuitwa anorenda kubudikidza kupfuura basa mapato - the mutambi uye vateereri.

Meyerhold (1874-1940): a pfupi Biography

Hazvibviri kunzwisisa prerequisites nezvenzira iri vasingaazivi upenyu musiki kwayo. Akanga mumhuri Catholic Russified. Akadzidza panguva Moscow yemitambo uye mumhanzi chikoro (class VI Nemirovich-Danchenko). Iye aishanda Moscow Art Theater uye gare gare akarongeka yemitambo boka iri Kherson.

Sezvo 1905 aishanda Moscow. Sezvo mukuru, ndakakokwa K. S. Stanislavskim (Theater Studio musi Chef), uye gare gare V. F. Komissarzhevskoy (Schauspielhaus). Panguva iyi, Meyerhold kufanorongwa anoverengeka zvesimba vari pre-rokufananidzira netsika - vatambi havasi vatambi vakanga vakadzidza, uye rangano zvakapfuudzwa conditionally.

Mukutanga 20-ies vakaumba munyori mutsva pfungwa, rwakazokura nesimba kukurudzira Meyerhold - biomechanics. Exercises yaishandiswa panguva kudzidzira, rinobvumira chikwata, vakarongeka basa vemifananidzo boka. Nzira yakanga hapana kukurukurirana pakati wacho uye mamiriro yose muvanhu. Akanga akamirira akakodzera zimukadzimu collectivism. Akaita mitemo Constructivism uye Biomechanics vakaramba inofamba kubva nyika yomukati kusvika kuona kuratidzwa. Meyerhold aidavira kuti kwezvakatipoteredza zvikonzero kuridza mutsindo basa, uye kuburikidza navo zvakafanira kutaura kuti Fafitera manzwiro uye nyika vatambi yomukati. A yakadzidziswa mutambi-ngoro, iyo muridzi mutinhimira zvakakwana uye kudzora muviri wako - ndizvo aifanira kuva mutungamiriri nokuda kuzadziswa ake zvirongwa. Over Implementation pfungwa dzavo chiito Director yaaishandira kusvikira mazuva ake okupedzisira.

Muna June 1939, V. E. Meyerhold akasungwa ari NKVD mhosva dzenhema. Under kurwadziswa, akareurura kuti basa Anti-Soviet, asi mune ramangwana aigona kuchinja zvaakanga ataura uchapupu hwake. The mutongo akapiwa pasi February 1, 1940. Akaurayiwa mangwana. Muna 1955, Meyerhold akanga rehabilitated (paakanga afa).

In pekufa puppets

Great rokuchinja basa Meyerhold aiva mabasa dramatist German uye munyori Heinrich of Kleist (1777-1811), kunyanya rondedzero yake pamusoro chidzoyi yemitambo. Vanyori vacho vanofunga kuti munhu zvaangaita havapo vakazvimiririra, asi zvinodzorwa nemasimba kwirirei. Vose vanhu manzwisisiro ake akanga chidzoyi zvisikwa chete, pasi paMwari. Putsai ikoku kungaita kuti kusunungurwa munhu uye kuidzosera mamiriro zvizere chinyakare anopindirana. Kunyange zvazvo munyori akabvuma kuti chiitiko chakadaro aigona tanga uye sanzwisisika nenyonganyonga. Biomechanics pamusoro Meyerhold rinovimba zvikuru maonero akaratidza Kleist.

Mukuru ndiye akakwanisa kusika kwegadziriro kurovedza, umo mutambi anogona kuzadzisa kukwana, varange muviri wake. Ave musiki uye zvinhu nokuda Implementation, kuzvidzora uye kudzorwa kwaro mupurasitiki - ndiwo basa kuti anosangana chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo Biomechanics pamusoro Meyerhold.

Kwete chete Theater

The yakasiyana chidobi kudzidziswa vatambi kwave kukanganwika kwemakore akawanda uye asina kudzidza nenyanzvi. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa se zvematongerwo enyika kutambudzwa chakaita izvo akaperekedza shasha Director pakuguma hwake paitonga Stalin purges, somugumisiro waitova kuti liquidated Meyerhold Theater, vamusunge uye kupfura muna February 1940. Kutaura zvazviri, kusvika nhasi biomechanics ose Meyerhold vasingagoni kusvika. Nzira akarohwa kubva pamutemo nhoroondo yemitambo, panguva, akanyangarika kubva nyanzvi hurukuro.

Pasinei declassification pakati zvakachengetedzwa, vose subtleties yemabviro nzira vakarasika vari 90s. Vamwe mashoko zvakachengetedzwa chete muzvinyorwa vadzidzi uye vateveri kuti kana Kumutungamiriri upenyu vakapinda tenzi kirasi pamusoro biomechanics pakati Meyerhold. Iye pachake muzvinyorwa ake haana kusiya kujekeswa zvinotaurwa uye zvigadziko ezvinhu ayo, uye anoshandiswa mazuva ano unyanzvi yakavakirwa vaunganidze akaona mundangariro.

evanhu zvinhu

Zvinoitwa biomechanics pamusoro mifananidzo inotungamirwa uye ikure mutambi wacho kuita hwakakura kwazvo. Asi hakungoitwi kwadzo. Zvinogoneka kuti hurongwa ane unyanzvi ukoshi kwete chete. Kunyange zvazvo Meyerhold haana kutendera pamberi rokufunga kuti yemitambo, asi ndinotenda kuti kuita iri yakakura biomechanics. Kuti tinzwisise pfungwa iyi maonero, zvakafanira kuti funga zvakataurwa biomechanics pamusoro Meyerhold, vari munhoroondo chechinyorwa.

The hurongwa akasikwa somugumisiro kuedza rinotungamirirwa nezvaiitwa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo Genres: mutambo dell'arte uye Japanese mitambo Kabuki. Asi panguva imwe chete ari nzira akasikwa panguva apo Meyerhold akatsigira zvizere vechiKomonisiti pfungwa. Aida zvokurarama pakati yemitambo uri kuratidza kwete maonero kwenyika by the artist. Boka hondo, evanhu, nokuumba mhando itsva yevanhu - nyaya idzi vakabatwa Meyerhold. Biomechanics kuisa zvishoma zvinoratidza echimurenga pfungwa nguva yake - vagari utariri, seboka basa nevamwe. Asi haana kurega kuva shasha iri mifananidzo mupfungwa, imwe kurovedza muviri wakanakisisa uye chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nzira.

Biomechanics uye sotsiomehanika

Kuti kunyatsonzwisisa musimboti kwacho zvinokosha kudzokera imwe nguva apo vakaumba biomechanics pakati Meyerhold. Mumwe vavengi vake rakanga rakajeka ideologue vechimurenga uye itsva Theater A. V. Lunacharsky - mutambo mutsoropodzi uye wokutanga vanhu commissar of Education of Soviet Russia. Ndiye kazhinji tichitsoropodza kuedza ari mukuru, asi akatenda nazvo, hapana mubvunzo, unyanzvi uye yepakutanga rokusika munhu. Lunacharsky akatanga pfungwa "sotsiomehaniki" - hurongwa yakagadzirirwa kudzidza hunhu hwevanhu wayo dzinongoitika evanhu zvakatipoteredza uye nokudaro pave mifananidzo chaiye dzinoitwa pechikuva.

Pasinei pachena kusiyana zvikoro zviviri, Meyerhold zvikurukuru vakabvumirana ishamwari yake. Nanganisa maonero avo pabasa uye chinangwa ounyanzvi. Vose vakabvuma kuti zvakanaka chinhu munhu kunoratidzwa mukirasi kuziva uye chinzvimbo munzanga, pane munhu ave wepfungwa. Biomechanics, Meyerhold yakatanga, rava kuratidzwa chimurenga pachikuva. I chaizvo akafungidzira ayo basa musiki wegadziriro.

Kubva esayenzi maonero

Pahwaro chii akazviratidza anotuma womukati Biomechanics Meyerhold? Theater gadziriro iri pamwe kwakavakirwa pazivo, kure nokure art. It nheyo zvidzidzo American injiniya Frederick Taylor (1856-1915). Pfungwa yake vakarongeka sangano basa waishandiswa pachikuva. Rakarurama vatambi kufamba uye ergonomics kubatsirwa inoremadza kurovedza uye mapoka ari mutambo loop: vavariro, zviito, zvavaifunga. Izvi zvinoonekwa zvakananga muenzaniso Taylor "basa kutenderera".

Vanoverengeka yemhando ruzivo nguva yake vakashandisa biomechanics ose Meyerhold. kwegadziriro muchiitwa kurovedza vatambi inobva zvepfungwa pane Ivana Pavlova yokutsvakurudza (1849-1936), akashandisa basa V. M. Behtereva (1857-1927) pasango reflexology. The mupfungwa mamiriro gamba iri kutamba sezvo chine hunenge dzinogona kurondwa kweShanduro mutambo "The Forest" A. N. Ostrovskogo: manzwiro gamba racho inotsiviwa akasvetuka. Mumwe mutsva vosimba pamusoro yapfuura anoda. Kuratidzwa kwe kutamba kwakaitika pakati Meyerhold Theater muna 1924.

biomechanics Studio

Kuedza Director Meyerhold kuwana nzvimbo yakakodzera kwakavakirwa chokudzidzisa echitendero chavo vakanga akaratidza kunyange caricatures makore iwayo. On mumwe wavo mana Meyerhold akadzvinya zvose zvivako, izvo zvinogona kusvika kusvika. Vaiva, uye Alexandrinsky Theater, uye Suvorinsky uye Chivako umo aida kusika yake workshop. Somugumisiro, nenzvimbo akawanikwa uye vakapinda nhoroondo yemitambo sezvo Borodino Studio.

Kosi yacho yaisanganisira makirasi mu tsiva, fence, jimunasitikisi, chekare uye ano nokutamba, kuimba, diction, juggling. Kuwedzera kune izvi kudzidziswa theatre nhoroondo, dzezvoupfumi, uye zvipenyu. Akapiwa kusiyana nyaya tinogona zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti biomechanics ose Meyerhold - kuti mutambi ane rakakwana kudzidzisa hurongwa.

mutsva mhando mutambi

vatambi zvakaiswa mberi inoomesera zvinodiwa. Vaifanira vabatane pachikuva zvinoshamisa mutambo uye Chinese dhanzi, magadzirirwo awo uye yakakakwa-vachifamba, jimunasitikisi uye clownery. Ndivo zvinangwa wakaiswa Meyerhold. Biomechanics zvishoma uye munguva pfupi kunotibvumira vabudirire zvinozoita. Nemhaka yake, mumwe nomumwe vatambi vaigona kuramba kuvandudza uye tizadzise mukwende yake achishandisa kutaura. Meyerhold aidavira kuti yemitambo haashiviriri kutadza kufamba, nguva dzose kukurumidza, uye anoziva chete aripo. Uye Danho mutambi haafaniri tinongoita ndiende nguva, uye vanosungirwa kutsvaka uye kuedza.

ekisiperimendi

Chiripo Studio hazvifaniri hwaro itsva yemitambo uye havana kutora matambudziko chikoro mutambi wacho. Chinangwa chacho chaiva zvakasiyana - kuva rudzi chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo murabhoritari. Biomechanics Vsevoloda Meyerholda aida kudzidza kuita mapurasitiki uye pachikuva sangano, improvisation uye kunyatsotevedza mutungamiriri wacho chinangwa.

Creative kuedza munyika itsva iri kwete chete pakutizira kushanda vatambi. Kubudisa rakafuridzirwa kubva sekasi aesthetics fairground yemitambo, mutambo dell'arte, mukuru reconstructed nzvimbo yomukati. Akabudisa noruzhinji uye kupatsanurwa pachikuva uye muimba. Nokuti vatambi akasika munhu-dimensional matatu simbi zvivako, iyo akadana "mutambo muchina". Sezvo mufananidzo - kuisa mutambo "The Magnanimous Cuckold" yakavakirwa F. Fernand Crommelynck (1886-1970). Akapfeka zvitema overalls vatambi kuridzwa pachikuva pasina girl takapoteredzwa gymnastic midziyo. Mune dzimwe zvesimba tiri multi-kushandiswa papuratifomu, wakakwira, Manera uye rwemichinjiko, unobatanidza pamwe vateereri.

The rinoshanda musimboti

Imwe pfungwa zviitwa rinotungamirirwa yakarova vadzidzi vavo. "Jump pamusoro pachipfuva" - anozivikanwa maekisesaizi pokuenzanisira mikana inopiwa biomechanics pamusoro V. E. Meyerholda. nyore zimukadzimu Its zvinoratidzwa chaizvo rokuremekedza. Mumwe vatambi vakamira pachikuva, vachiisa rutsoka mumwe pamberi mamwe kunofambira mberi Pose. mudzidzi wechipiri anomhanya uye akasvetuka pamusoro zvakanaka. Panguva iyoyowo anoisa makumbo ake hwakakungwa pamabvi mberi uye anobata mutsipa shamwari yacho. Wokutanga mutambi Vanotarisira kuti abate mumwe kana vaviri maoko nemakumbo pazasi pamabvi janhuka.

Analysis yokudzidza ichi kunoratidza sei zvinofanira chikwata muchadenga vose vatambi. kufamba zvavo vari kuunzwa automatism. vashambire simba rinomutsa uye ndege nzira iri akaisa chose kuti pfungwa seboka aite chinangwa Kumutungamiriri. Uyezve, mumwe nomumwe vatambi vanoita munhu mabasa avo zvainanga kuwana nevakawanda, vadyi mugumisiro. Ndiyo yaiva inokosha dzidziso mutoro, izvo akatapa biomechanics ose Vsevoloda Meyerholda.

Munguva yedu,

Pasinei kupindira makore Meyerhold kuti maitiro kudzidziswa vatambi haana kurasa kukumbira kwahwo. Harisati nyaya kukurukurwa uye chidzidzo chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo yeChina. Tinogona kutaura kuti kana yakaonekwa biomechanics pamusoro V. E. Meyerholda vanotozozviziva nguva. Vakawanda Vadzidzi kunyura Vsevoloda Emilevicha wemuTesitamende ayo Studio, akava anozivikanwa vatambi uye directors. Kuedza kwavo mazano tenzi inozivikanwa vakapfuurira nekutambira zvizvarwa, uye kuita haana kuvhiringidzwa munguva pamwe dzinouraya bara, akaridza muffled mu wedzimba iri Lubyanka muchando 1940.