Vhasi kupenda muGirisi yekare. Styles vhasi kupenda Ancient Greece

Munyaya ino, tiri nemi, anodiwa vaverengi, funga okuruka rekare rechiGiriki muhari kupenda. Ichi chinhu yepakutanga, mavara uye kuyevedza inotungamirwa tsika yekare. Ani naani vakapupurira chinhu amphora, lekythos kana Skiathos, nguva dzose kuramba risingaenzaniswi runako rwavo mupfungwa.

Next, tichataura nemi pamusoro siyana unyanzvi uye maitiro painting, uyewo kutaura zvikuru nzvimbo kuti kukura unyanzvi ichi.

Zvehari weGirisi yekare

Hunoshamisa mienzaniso Greek vhasi kupenda Ancient mutambo meso revashanyi vari chinodiwa chinhu ari muunganidzwa yevanondida zhinji art. Izvi mavara midziyo kuyemura zvakasiyana-siyana, misoro uye mavara.

Munyaya ino tichatarisa vhasi kupenda zvitaera, kubvira periodization netsika. tumabhodhoro netumidziyo Greek (Figures ichapiwa pashure) vabva muhari nyore, airamba padanda kuti Paaidzidzisa yekare nekutaura dzvuku-amphora-mitauro miviri.

Nokuda kwayo chaizvo runako uye unyanzvi, zvinhu izvi nokukurumidza akava akakurumbira zvainoreva munyika dzakasiyana-siyana Europe uye Asia. Zvinowanika mumakuva Celtic, uye mumakuva kuMiddle East neNorth Africa.

Vanofarira zvinotevera chokwadi. The tanga specimens vaakawana Etruscan kumakuva, uye hapana munhu pakutanga chokuita navo nevaGiriki. Chete mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore, Johann Winkelmann akaratidza ndero mavambo yavo. Shure kwaizvozvo yawanikwa rekare rechiGiriki vhasi mufananidzo akava mumwe misoro inokosha kudzidza kare.

Nhasi, midziyo haagoni chete nokudzosa mabhora akawanda muupenyu vanhu, asi kuti dziti zviitiko siyana, uyewo tinyatsoziva mazita vanatenzi.

More mashoko pamusoro ichi ichakurukurwa pashure, asi mumwe nguva iri vhasi Painters vaitova makwikwi. Kutonga nezvinooneka ezvivako, ivo ukarumbidza mumwe, kuti mudziyo wavo aiva nani.

Centers uye technologists vazopisi

Nemhaka matongo anowana nhasi mamiziyamu zhinji munyika vanogona pamusoro ivhu kupendwa tumabhodhoro netumidziyo muGirisi yekare. Pane midziyo yekare kubva pachitsuwa cheKrete uye vokuKorinde Ceramics, dema uye tsvuku-nhamba amphora, lekythos uye mamwe marudzi ndiro.

Munguva yakaoma chikuru nzvimbo kugadzirwa vaiva Attic yemo Atene uye Korinde. Kunze kwavari kuchine vanatenzi pamusoro Laconia uye Boeotia. Zviri policies idzi nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, yakaitwa midziyo zvemaoresa.

Papera kugadzira centre yakatamira kuchamhembe Italy. Uyewo ranneellinsky nguva akabva cheKirete huru. Heano vaviri muguta - the Sicilian uye Southern Italian centuripe Canosa.

Tinofanira kuisa pfungwa zvigadzirwa, izvo akaita tumabhodhoro netumidziyo Greek. Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti kushandisa vhiri romuumbi mumireniyamu yechipiri BC.

Clay akasarudzwa ruvara. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo yaiva yakasiyana ruvara - kubva tsvuku kuti shava. Kana mashoko acho akanga jikichira chaizvo, izvozvo akawedzera moto nevhu uye jecha. Mukuwedzera, ivhu kunyanya "wekare". The mutoo zvaisanganisira refu incubation feedstock mune nyorovera ezvinhu pashure yokushambidza. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, zvinova kwakavharwa nenyama chaizvo uye pliable.

The acho ari ipapo akakanya muise tsoka dzavo pamusoro vhiri yomuumbi. Agadzirira mudziyo waoma mumumvuri mazuva mashomanana, mushure siginicha rakaiswa. Chete pashure maitirwo izvi zvose nyaya yakanga vachibatwa vachiridzira.

Aegean kumwedzi

The tanga mienzaniso iyi uri fomu vari midziyo Minoan, Mycenaean kuumba uye miniyskoy. Chokutanga, zvikurukuru, akatidana Kamares vhasi kupenda (pasi zita cavern pachitsuwa cheKrete, apo ivhu zvakatanga pachena).

Sezvo yapfuura isu akati, kupendwa kuumba ichi rinowanikwa pamusoro pakati rechitatu chemakore BC. Nguva yokutanga, iyo zvachinotarisana ranneelladskoy kana reAegean ichikosha rakakamurwa wandei subintervals masayendisiti.

Wokutanga rwakatora-maviri rokutanga anenge remakore BC. Panguva ino, hunodzorwa nyore geometric mapatani pamusoro chete-ruvara masvingo midziyo ropa. Next kuti kutsiva iye anouya Kamares maitiro. Iye anomira pakati panguva Ceramics. The chikuru chepfungwa ndiye chena zononoka uye maruva okunze, akanga aiswa pamusoro matte pakanyorwa mudziyo.

Muzana nemanomwe remakore BC, chimiro muenzaniso zvinosiyana zvikuru. Zvino rava chikuru wengarava okunze: octopus, hove, korari Nautilus, Dolphins, uye vamwe. Kubva pakati pezana remakore rechigumi nemashanu muna Cretan murals vakachengeta nguva kuderera.

Asi pamusoro kondinendi iri kukura panguva ino vanonzi "zvekare muhari kupenda." Pakutanga pano zvinofanira kunzi Minyan Ware. Aiva mutete-namasvingo, pasina mifananidzo. Izvi mhando zvehari yave iripo kubvira maviri yechipiri pakati navatanhatu remakore BC. It kuchatsiviwa Mycenaean zviumbwa.

Nemanomwe remakore BC, yakachinja nechiGiriki yakaoma uye pamusoro zvitsuwa Cyclades. Panguva ino Mycenaean tsika rinopararira avo vavariro iri muhari kupenda. Vanotsvakurudza kuiganhura vachiita mana nguva, zvichiita kuti Nguva Dorian nechisimba nyika (regumi remakore BC).

Kutonga nezvinoonekwa mufananidzo, mukuvamba Mycenaean kupenda hunodzorwa nyore matte rima manhamba pamusoro chiedza background. Around regumi remakore BC, ivo ne miti nemhuka marudzi. Asi regumi nematatu remakore BC pane munhu nemifananidzo uye ngarava. The yokupedzisira runowanzotaurwa nezvarwo chete Trojan War, raiva anenge kuti kumwedzi.

Geometric

Pakati pezana wegumi nemiviri yakanaka remakore art muGirisi yekare iri kuderera, pamwe chete navamwe tsika. Pamberi remakore rechigumi, zviri kunzi "nguva rima" kukura rudzi urwu.

Kana isu nezvazvo Ceramics, munhambo ichi pane zvitaera matatu paguva. Nokusvika pakati Dorians zhinji nebudiriro Mycenaean tsika nokupera. Kusvikira pakati regumi remakore yaiva nguva "submikenskoy" tsika, kana marudzi anochengetwa midziyo, asi anyangarika vanodhirowa pamusoro pavo.

Pashure protogeometricheskogo chishongo. Kunyanya Ceramics dzinoratidzwa zviviri chinjikira dzeraundi zvisungo kumativi pamutsipa uye pakati ngarava. Pakati pavo vari makhiriniki concentric yeChina, yakaitirwa aine caliper.

Zvikuru kuoma sezvamunoita muzana remakore rechigumi BC. Zvino, pane kuroora uye kaviri meanders. Kazhinji vairidza basa geometric vanovengwa frieze pamadziro ngarava. Below pavo stylized mifananidzo vanhu, nemhuka.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, kare tsika dzechiGiriki mberi. Mumakore Homer upenyu pane tsika kuderedza nzvimbo geometric friezes, izvo inotsiviwa vemauto mudungwe wengoro kana mutsara dzomusango dzakasiyana-siyana.

The koshesa ruvara zvoitwa dema kana tsvuku pamusoro chena background. Panguva iyi, vose anthropomorphic Nhamba vanoratidzwa schematically. Muviri varume vaiva chakafanana inverted Triangle, musoro - denderedzwa pamwe nepanomboratidza kwemhino uye tsoka anomirirwa sepombi maviri (femur uye tibia).

Maitiro mabvazuva

Zvishoma nezvishoma, rekare rechiGiriki tsika changamire. Images vari kunzwisisa, pane muitiro nokukwereta zvinhu kubva uri pakati Eastern avanhu. Kunyanya iyi inomira Korinde. Muchikamu chinotevera remakore, mutemo uyu achava chete pakati muhari kupenda.

Saka, muzana remakore rechinomwe BC kubudikidza vatenzi Greek kutanga kutora motifs vane machira kupinza uye nemakapeti. Pamasvingo midziyo "kugadzirisa" sphinxes, shumba, griffins uye dzimwe mhuka.

Ndizvo rutivi munguva iyi "kutya maturo." Saka vaongorori anonzi yepakutanga chinhu chinosiyanisa rekare rechiGiriki vhasi mufananidzo pamusoro vokuKorinde manyorerwo. On pepasi nzvimbo chokuedza haana kusiya chinhu chinhu dzezvimwe.

It vaumbi vokuKorinde nheyo panguva Ceramics. Triple-pomoto, zvavakanga yagadzirwa ipapo akaratidza pacharo ari dema-nhamba amphora, izvo isu vakurukure pazasi.

Orientalising vaongorori kugoverana manyorero yeKorinde uye Attic nguva. In wokutanga vhasi kupenda hwakabva schematic mhuka dzinongoitika mifananidzo yemhuka uye hwakadzama mufanidzo zvisikwa rengano. Nokutonga chikuru chevaumbi ndiko maximize ari kwokunze pechiso hari. midziyo iyi inogona kuenzaniswa kanivhasi pamusoro painter kana chirukwa, dzakaondoroka muhari.

Attic nguva chete inozivikanwa neboka geometric zvinhu pamutsipa uye pedyo pasi. Chikamu chikuru rusvingo yaimirira nhamba mhuka uye zvinomera nguva nenguva, izvo rwaiitwa nhema pendi.

dema-maumbirwo tumabhodhoro netumidziyo

Mhedzisiro kukura yeKorinde manyorerwo uye ranneatticheskogo vakava dema-nhamba zviumbwa. Uyu ndiwo mumwe maviri kupfuura rakakurumbira uye kukosha nzira munyika yekare, pamwe tsvuku-nhamba.

A chiri ichi kugadzirwa chacho kwakanga kuti vaumbi kunobvumirwa vakaparadzana rukoko vanatenzi. Vakashanda vachingoshandisa kusika chimiro mudziyo uye asunga Finished mharidzo. Kureva, nyanzvi dzokugadzira izvi sculpted kubva nevhu uye airamba zvigadzirwa. Kupendwa Ceramics vaiita chete varanda vakanga ndikanatsofunga pazasi vaumbi panzvimbo yavo.

Akagadzirira mudziyo kupiswa kuti "mbishi" mamiriro. Kwete chaizvo akaomesa rusvingo achiri kubvumira kuti incision uye kushandisa marongera pakati akagadzirira zvinhu, vakazochinja vakava dzinokatyamadza kushongedzwa. Next, mufananidzo zvinoberekwa munhu anokwezva ivhu rinokosha uye aricheke.

Kare zvaifungwa kuti zvehari iyi akafukidzwa lacquer, asi zvichangobva kuongorora nekusimba kuti kapepa (vaima mhando dzevhu) pashure vachiridzira anoita pemvura mudziyo.

Saka, dema-nhamba zvehari akaberekwa mukati masvingo Corinth, mu okudhindira pakati nyanzvi dzokugadzira, uyo akatsvaka kuunza chimedu risingazivikanwi kumabvazuva, muupenyu hwezuva nezuva vaGiriki.

Asi pashure orientalizirovannogo Style, vakatonga mhuka, pane chaiwoiwo dema-nhamba zviumbwa. It akatonga mufananidzo vanhu. Vavariro huru dzaiva mitambo, mitambo uye nyaya Trojan War.

Kugadzirwa ichi kubvira wechinomwe pakati remakore rechitanhatu BC. It chikatsiviwa red-maitiro Ceramics.

red-maumbirwo zviumbwa

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti red-nhamba zvehari akazviratidza ari thirties remakore rechitanhatu BC. VomuAtene Andokides, ari mudzidzi tenzi dema-nhamba zvehari, vakatanga kuedza mavara. Kutaura zvazviri, iye chete akaita zvakasiyana. Kwete mufananidzo nhema yaitwa mugomo wakaita zvokuumbwa nevhu uye dema background, umo mufananidzo chinovapo chaiwo Ruvara zvinhu.

Nguva iyi inozivikanwa kuti ndibatsireiwo makwikwi pakati vhasi Painters, izvo sainzi anowanzonzi "mapiyona". Vakashanda mumaguta akasiyana, asi kazhinji siya mumwe mashoko pamusoro tumabhodhoro netumidziyo. Somuenzaniso, rimwe amphorae akawana mashoko "Epiphanius haana haana kuziva kuti." Rakanyorwa rwunoverengerwa pamwe Graffiti tenzi Evfimidu.

Saka, munhu matsvuku kupendwa tumabhodhoro netumidziyo manyorerwo vakapararira zvikuru zvakakwana. Akatamira kare mhiri Greece. A kwenzira yakafanana vascular seinäkartta inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba Italy. Iye akanga yakakurumbira pamwe Etruscans.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti iyi pane kutama kubva mashoko uye mifananidzo naturalization. Number pazvinhu nemidziyo zvinoderedza, asi anotanga kushandisa maonero nemazvo, kufamba nevamwe hwokudhirowa nzira.

Zvino muuki dzidzira mune imwe mhando nyaya kana mifananidzo (mhuka, vanhu, zvirimwa ...). Kubvira vhasi Painters vakakamurwa mhando midziyo. Paiva vemifananidzo vaishanda chete chete amphoras. Ndirwowo emhando dzakawanda zvinowanzovapo zvedongo zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira nemikombe, ndiro, lekythos uye Dinos.

Achishandisa imwe chena kumashure

An rekare rechiGiriki vhasi kupenda akaramba ichishanduka. Panzvimbo tsvuku uye matema midziyo bilinguals kunouya neitsva nzira chigadzirwa kushongedzwa. Zvino kumashure hakusi vatema kana chaivo, uye chena. Panguva iyi, tenzi achiri kufunga bedzi pane mamwe midziyo.

Kunyanya, kupendwa pamusoro chena kumashure kushandiswa Terracotta alabastron, lekythos uye aribalah. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muna wokutanga unyanzvi rakashanda Psiax. Iye muna 510 BC lekythos akasikwa nemanyorero ichi. Asi yakakurumbira vhasi Painters on chena kumashure anonzi Pistoxenos Painter.

muuki Izvi zvakashanda "mana ruvara michina." Akashandisa pendi, pendi uye gilding. The chaizvo chete chena kumashure ruvara akanga kubudirira tichiregeredza reraimu ivhu anofukidza "mbishi".

Similar vhasi kupenda zvitaera kare kutamira kure yepakutanga kushongedzwa zvedongo midziyo. Zvino kusika pakutevedzera zvachose itsva uri, akafanana chepakutanga kupenda.

Iyi yakanga mumwe wokupedzisira munhoroondo echiGiriki muhari kupenda. Uyezve kurimwa akawedzera kubva nyika kusvikira mapoka uye pedyo States. Uyezve, zvino pane kutsauka mifananidzo navanamwari uye mhuka. New masvikiro nezvezvakanaka muupenyu nevaGiriki.

Pane midziyo nevakadzi vanobatanidzwa munyaya nezuva, aimiririra yemitambo, kuridza zviridzwa, uye dzimwe mitambo.

gnathia tumabhodhoro netumidziyo

Zvishoma nezvishoma, unyanzvi vhasi kupenda kunoita kubva muchiGiriki metropolises vari munzvimbo. Zvikurukuru simba vaiva kumaodzanyemba vanatenzi wokuItaly. Kupfuura kare uye kwakapararira manyorerwo yavo yakanga gnathia tumabhodhoro netumidziyo. Uyu yakananga uye zvinonakidza chaizvo kupenda unyanzvi, iro rinowanikwa pakutanga remakore rechina BC.

It kunoratidzwa guru range. Paiva manyoro uye shava, tsvuku, orenji, yero, ndarama, chena, dema uye nevamwe. Zano iri zvakanaka inozivikanwa munyika kutanga kwekupwanyiwa-siyana. Vascular akasangana Cupid, nezuva basa revakadzi panguva mazororo yokukudza Dionysus, chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba uye nezvimwe.

Zvisinei, muna thirties remakore rechina BC, pane unopinza akavarambidza nzira mashoko uye kuita mifananidzo. Zvino kushandiswa mavara michena chete uye ndizvo zviri nyore kwazvo. Kuratidza kunyanya zvinomera, zvakadai mazambiringa, Ivy uye Laurel, uye pakati nhungirwa mizambiringa dzimwe nguva pane zviso zvevanhu.

Saka, rechiGiriki vhasi kupenda anotanga rakapararira yeMediterranean pakati tsvuku-Ceramics. Pashure pezvose izvi zvemichina uye gnathia tumabhodhoro netumidziyo vakaberekwa sezvo kwayo kuenderera.

Next tichataura pamusoro mukunopera okukura iyi mhando ounyanzvi yekare. The Center akatotora akatamira zvachose kumaodzanyemba kweItaly.

Canosa uye centuripe

Kubva zvino Greek vhasi painting, kupfuura nguva gnathia vases, kuva ndeyokungoitawo chizenga. vaRoma kufarira zvombo uye midziyo yaishandiswa zvikuru nyore uye inoshanda.

Panguva yokupedzisira Danho okuwana vane mbiri pakati - Canosa uye centuripe. Muchiitiko chokutanga, midziyo, kupenda mvura-soluble pendi. cookware Izvi hazvirevi kupisa uye hazvina kushandiswa. Zvinongoreva ndokuiswa muguva.

Sicilian vanatenzi ose centuripe vakaenda. Havaiti kunyange vakashanda kuti vaumbe mudziyo. Yakabudiswa uye dzakapendwa zvikamu kuti kupendwa uye yakashongedzwa stucco. Zvadaro, muna pamakuva uye sarcophagi shards vari kubatanidzwa nomumwe, kutanga akafanana chake, mbiya kana mukombe.

Pakupedzisira art Greece yekare kwakaita kuti munharaunda Italy. Zvino Latins akashandisa zvakaitika vatenzi vekare kuti ashongedze upenyu hama dzavo dzakafa.

Sezvo tinogona kuona, mushure mokuparara vakarondedzera midziyo zvishoma nezvishoma Greece akafa pasi uye yanyura kupinda yokukanganwa. The Roman Empire yakavakwa kuva nyika ravarwi patricians, kwete vanhu ouzivi vaongorori uye vanotanga.

Saka, munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro antiikki muhari kupenda. It is chimiro unyanzvi kuti decorates zvemakore maviri hapana World Museum yepakutanga. Vhasi kupenda ounyanzvi muGirisi yekare achiri kushamiswa vatsvakurudzi uye connoisseurs ounyanzvi.

Rombo rakanaka kwamuri, dzinodiwa vaverengi! Long nzendo uye mavara nefemero.