Chii chinotarisirwa kuJapan? Mhando dzeJapan theatre. Theater no. The Kyogen Theater. Kabuki Theatre

Japan - asinganzwisisiki uye yepakutanga nyika, kuziva hunhu uye tsika izvo vokuEurope vanonetsa chaizvo. To yakakura papi izvi nokuti kuti kusvikira pakati XVII remakore, nyika yakavharwa kunyika. Zvino, kuti vanonzwa mweya Japan, kuziva ayo zvazviri, zvakakodzera kuenda unyanzvi. Chinotaurwa sokuti pose tsika uye nemaonero vanhu. Mumwe mukuru uye kupfuura vaburukira kwatiri kumbochinja zvachose Arts chinhu Japanese yemitambo.

Nhoroondo Japanese yemitambo

Japanese theatre nemidzi shure kune vekare. About rimwe nehafu makore chiuru akapfuura muJapan, China, Korea uye India akapinda kutamba uye mumhanzi, uye kubva yakaoma vakasvika chiBhudha - nguva iri kutanga yokuberekwa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo art. Kubvira ipapo, yemitambo chiri chamazuva uye kuchengetedzwa kwetsika. Masayendisiti vanoti Japanese yemitambo ine kunyange chikamu mumutambo yekare. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti nyika nokuda Hellenistic inoti eAsia Minor, uyewo India uye China.

Mumwe chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo Genre kuti vakabva dzakadzika emakore, ave rakaramba mitemo yayo yepakutanga uye munhu akazvimiririra. Saka, mutambo playwrights kare uye nhasi anoiswa pamusoro chete mazano kuti mazana emakore akawanda akapfuura. Mbiri ichi ndowenyika vatambi pachavo, izvo kuchengetera nekufambisa vekare netsika vadzidzi vake (kazhinji vana vavo) iumbe kuita imba.

Kuberekwa yemitambo

Kuberekwa yemitambo muJapan chokuita chidzoke ari VII remakore pantomime Gigaku, izvo zvinoreva - "kuita unyanzvi", uye Bugakov Dance - ". Unyanzvi kutamba" dambudziko Akasiyana Genres izvi. Gigaku kusvikira remakore rechigumi, vakabata dariro dzemitambo, asi kugona kukwikwidzana zvikuru kunzwisisa Genres ose pantomime uye akanga yakatsiva navo. Asi Bugakov aurayiwe nhasi. Pakutanga, pfungwa idzi akabatana kumitambo mutemberi uye necheseri mhemberero, vachadziyirwa kuita somunhu oga, uye akapukunyuka kuwedzera uye awana kunyanya kukurumbira pashure pokudzorerwa simba, Genre iyi Japanese yemitambo.

Pachivanhu anotevera mhando Japanese theatre, asi nogaku kana chinangwa nokuda vakakwirira; Kabuki theatre kwevanhuwo zvavo, uye Bunraku - chidzoyi yemitambo.

Traditional Japanese theatre nhasi

Panguva itsva Japan yakarova European unyanzvi, uye saka ano yemitambo. Takatanga kuoneka muhombe kumiririrwa vokuMadokero dhanzi, kutamba. Asi chinyakare Japanese yemitambo yave akakwanisa kudzivirira nzvimbo yayo uye kurasa mukurumbira. Musafunga kuti inguva ipi husiri nyore kuwana. Vatambi uye vateereri - vanhu chaivo. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja nezvido zvavo, vanofarira, zvaanonzwisisa. Nenzira isingadzivisiki, kupinda pakati kuitika ano vari makasimbiswa uye hwava theatre fomu kwemazana emakore. Nokudaro, akaderedza nguva kuzviisa pasi, iye aifamba chiito kuwana, nokuti nhasi ari vateereri havana nguva yakawanda kuti kufungisisa, sezvakaitika muMiddle Ages. Life dzinokubatsira mitemo yayo, uye yemitambo zvishoma dzakachinja pasi pavo.

Theater vakakwirira asi

Akazvarwa yemitambo asi XIV remakore uye akava akakurumbira kwazvo pakati vakakwirira uye Samurai. Pakutanga, zvakanga aireva chete rokumusoro kirasi Japan.

Dzichiri kwemazana emakore akawanda, yemitambo rava National tsika, zvakapoteredza zvakadzama kwouzivi uye chepamweya. The girl nayo nyore, pfungwa dziri chifukidzo, iro rinosimbisa kukosha uye kuti kimono. Kimono nezvifukidziro vari chakasvitswa kuchikoro mumwe kubva kumarudzi namarudzi.

The waivako ndeiyi. NomuGigashi (huru hunhu) pasi manzwi nyere, ngoma uye korasi inotiudza upenyu norugare uye hondo, kukunda uye vakakurirwa, mhondi uye mamongi, ane magamba ndiyo mweya uye omunhu, vanamwari uye madhimoni. Nhoroondo zvechokwadi nokuva mutauro zvekare. Asi - kupfuura asinganzwisisiki Genre wechiJapanese zvetsika yemitambo. Chikonzero igomba nechinangwa kwouzivi kwete chete Masiki pachavo, asi vose mashoko zvokuratidzira, kuti vane rakavanzika zvaanoreva, nokuti kunzwisisa kuwanika chete yakagozha vateereri.

Chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo waivako rinovapo maawa matatu nehafu kusvika mashanu uye rinosanganisira Mitambo wandei, izvo alternated nokupembera uye miniatures paupenyu vanhuwo zvavo.

asi masiki

Asi - Japanese theatre Masiki. Masiki hadzina rakasungirirwa imwe basa, vari kushandiswa kuratidza manzwiro. Pavanoparidza chokufananidzira zviito vatambi uye mumhanzi pave yakasiyana kuitika chifukidzo yemitambo yacho Tokugawa yaitonga. Kunyange zvazvo, Pakutanga, zvakaoma kudavira kuti asingazivikanwi asi tichashumira wokushandura manzwiro. Kunzwa kusuruvara uye mufaro, hasha uye kuzvininipisa vakasikwa nokuda kutamba chiedza, ruduku mujinga ari mutambi musoro, inzwi kwaya nziyo uye mumhanzi.

Sezvineiwo, nezvikoro kushandisa chete zvinomiririra siyana kimono nezvifukidziro. Pane Masiki zvinoshandiswa vamwe mabasa. Nhasi, kune anenge mazana maviri masiki kuti achiripo kusvikira mazuva edu uye yakagadzirwa Japanese nemisipiresi.

mharidzo asi

Theater asi vatorwa kuna realism uye akavaka zvakawanda pamusoro pfungwa vateereri. Pachikuva, dzimwe nguva kunyange pasina girl, vatambi kuita shoma zviito. Character anoita chete vaviri nhanho, asi mashoko ake, kushandisa dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri uye choral kuenderana anotendeuka kubva kuti auya kure. Two vatambi akamira parutivi, angasaona mumwe kusvikira vava chiso nechiso.

Chinhu chikuru nokuda yemitambo asi - nemasaini. Nemasaini vanobatanidza vose avo vane mumwe ukoshi, uyewo avo zvinoshandiswa nokuda kworunako uye musatakura chero zvaanoreva. Of Kunyanya kuchiva mu yemitambo transmits kunyarara uye kushaya kufamba. Unsophisticated chauri zvakaoma chaizvo kunzwisisa pakarepo saizvozvo zviri kuitika pachikuva.

kyogen Theater

Japanese kyogen yemitambo akazviratidza anenge panguva imwe chete yemitambo asi, zvisinei zvakawanda zviri kusiyaniswa nyaya kwayo uye manyorerwo. Asi - Drama, zviitiko uye kuchiva. Kyogen - farce mutambo, vakazadzwa nyore majee, tsvina uye isina maturo. Kyogen nyore kunzwisisa zvose zvinoreva kutamba nezviito vatambi havafaniri decipher. Pachivanhu kyogen inoridzwa kwenguva zvesimba vari chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba asi.

The repertoire zvinosanganisira theatre kyogen anotamba XV-XVI emakore. Zviri anenge mazana maviri namakumi matanhatu mabasa nevanyori vari kunyanya kuzivikanwa. Kusvikira pakuguma XVI remakore zvidimbu zvakave nokutambidzwa kuna nomuromo, kubva mudzidzisi kuti mudzidzi uye vasina kunyorwa papepa. Chete panguva pakuguma XVII remakore vakatanga ngapaonekwe akanyorwa vezvenhau.

In kyogen pane kupatsanura zvakajeka Mitambo:

• vamwari;
• pamusoro feudal wemadzishe;
• navakadzi;
• mweya yakaipa, uye zvichingodaro. n.

Pane nezvinobvamo umo matambudziko duku mhuri pachena. Vaitamba pamusoro impermanence varume nevakadzi nokunyengera. Vazhinji Mitambo muranda vakazvipira ainzi Taro.

Kyogen vatambi vari vanhuwo zvavo vane upenyu hapana zvinoitika zvikuru chinokosha. Pakutanga mutambo vateereri aimiririra vose vanotaurwa. Theater vatambi vari mapoka mapoka; chikuru - nomuGigashi, yechipiri - mhere-mhere, tertiary - Coady, mutengo chechina - chure uye wechishanu na ukoshi - Tomo. The zvikoro pakukura kuita Kyogen Izumi uye Okura. Pasinei yokuti asi zvinofambidzana kyogen vatambi kuti dzemitambo iyi kugadzirira yoga.

Genre Japanese kyogen yemitambo inopa mhando nhatu zvokupfeka:

• Mr;
• varanda;
• vakadzi.

Zvose zvokupfeka vakaitwa sezvairi mavambo XVI uye XVII remakore. Dzimwe masiki aitwe chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba. Asi hazvirevi masiki asi manzwiro - ichi ndicho chifukidzo kutsanangura basa tsika: wekare mukadzi, mutana, mumwe mukadzi, dhimoni, mwari, mhuka uye nezvipembenene.

Pashure kuguma Second World War akatungamirira kuti yaitsiva yemitambo kyogen, uye mitambo akatanga kuitwa pasina, uye kwete yemitambo asi kumifananidzo.

Kabuki - Theater temberi mutambi

Kabuki mharidzo pakutanga akagadzirirwa wose. Kabuki theatre akazviratidza pakutanga Tokugawa nguva uye chokuita nezita temberi mutambi uye mwanasikana mupfuri Izumo hapana Okuni.

Girl ari XVII remakore, akatamira Kyoto, apo akatanga kuita tsika vachitamba pamahombekombe erwizi uye mumwoyo guru. Zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kupinda repertoire kuti uchidanana uye eroottinen nokupembera uye vaimbi vakabatana mharidzo. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanhu vakawanda vake zvesimba kwakawedzera. Knot akakurumidza vakakwanisa chokubatanidza mashoko vezvehondo, ballads, nhetembo mugomba chete Unit, kutanga Japanese Kabuki yemitambo. Chaizvoizvo, zita yemitambo rinoshandurwa se "unyanzvi kuimba nokutamba." Panguva iyi, chete vasikana muchirongwa maonero.

Zvinobatsira yemitambo akakura, kazhinji mukuru vagari guru yakatanga kunaya kudanana vachitamba ari troupe yakaisvonaka. Nehurumende mamiriro ezvinhu aya haana kufanana, kunyanya nokuda kwerudo mutambi akatanga kuronga kurwa. Izvi, uyewo sevanonyanya rakajeka nokupembera uye zvinoitika zvakakonzera kuti chirevo nokukurumidza atara kurambidza kutora chikamu kwevakadzi munzvimbo maonero. Saka, Onna kabuki hadzi yemitambo havasisipo. Uye pachikuva aiva munhurume Japanese yemitambo - Kabuki lehmää. Kurambidza Izvi zvinoshanda zvose chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba.

In pakati pezana XIX remakore, yepamutemo chirevo repealed. Zvisinei, tsika mabasa ose mabasa mukufananidzira varume yakaramba nanhasi. Saka, akafuridzirwa Japanese theatre - kwevarume Japanese yemitambo.

Kabuki nhasi

Pari, eJapan Kabuki yemitambo ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa tsika kunoshamisa hwemashiripiti. Vatambi Theater anozivikanwa munyika uye iri kazhinji vakakokwa TV uye kufirimu kupfura. mabasa Women mune troupes vazhinji zvakare kuitwa nevakadzi. Uyezve, paiva nechipingamupinyi mapoka yemitambo-munhukadzi zvose.

Musimboti wacho chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba pakati kabuki

Kabuki rinosanganisa tsika yacho Tokugawa kumwedzi, vanoumba hwaro nyaya. Izvi Somuenzaniso, mutemo kururamisira, iro mudzidziso mune wechiBuddha pfungwa remuneration vakatambura kwevanhu uye zvechokwadi chirango pamusoro akaipa. Uyewo, muBuddha Pfungwa tinongorarama kwemakore mashoma kuti yepasi apo mhuri highborn kana vatungamiriri simba kupera. Panguva mwoyo makakatanwa anogona kazhinji nhema kurwisana pakati zvinotaurwa chiConfucian sezvo mabasa, basa, umwari, uye pachedu zvinangwa.

Makeup uye zvokupfeka napo dies mabasa anoitwa mutambi. Kakawanda, zvokupfeka kuenderana fashoni yaitonga Tokugawa, kupfuura kwezvokufuka uye stylized. Masiki zviri zvesimba musashandisa kuti dzitsive zvakaoma-wakagadzirwa, kuratidza zviri basa. Uyewo mune maonero unoshandiswa wigs, izvo dzinoiswa maererano munzanga, zera uye basa evatambi.

bunraku Theater

Bunraku - Japanese chidzoyi yemitambo. Dzimwe nguva kunyange zvisiri kunzi jōruri. Jōruri - zita yemitambo Bunraku kuita uye panguva imwecheteyo zita rimwe nezvidhori, iyo vasingafari muchindakadzi. Zviri ballad pamusoro heroine akatanga yemitambo. Pakutanga akanga asiri mudhori, uye kuimba nziyo mbeya mamongi. Zvishoma nezvishoma kumiririrwa akabatana vaimbi, vateereri akatanga kuratidza mifananidzo, iyo kuratidzwa vatambi. Gare gare, zvifananidzo izvi ikava nezvidhori.

Chinonyanya kukosha theatre ndiyo gidayyu - Reader, umo zvinoenderana kubudirira zvose unyanzvi unongotaura. Reader kwete chete anoita monologues uye nhaurirano, uye basa rake kuti ape nyika zvakafanira ruzha, ruzha, squeaks.

Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore XVII akaumba chikuru canons zvenziyo zvesimba uye zvadziri asi kunze kwezvavakadzidza mu bunraku, asi nezvidhori kwenguva refu akaramba kuchinja. Nokufamba kwenguva, paiva mudhori nzira vanhu vatatu utariri. Japanese Bunraku theatre ane tsika refu kuita nezvidhori. Havafaniri kuva muviri, zviri chikatsiviwa rectangular mumatanda, vakamonyanisa filaments kudzora musoro, maoko nemakumbo. Uyezve, makumbo anogona kuva munhurume nezvidhori chete uye kunyange panguva iyoyo kwete nguva dzose. Pamatanda iri afuke vakawanda akaturikidzana zvipfeko, aunopiwa vhoriyamu uye kufanana pamwe kwevanhu nhamba. Musoro, maoko, kana zvakakodzera, makumbo vari bvisika uye vanoiswa pamatanda, kana zvichidikanwa. Maoko namakumbo vane Mobile chaizvo uye vakaitwa kuti mudhori anogona kunyange kuita munwe.

chidzoyi kudzora michina inoramba yakafanana, kunyange akavandudzika, - vatambi vatatu inodiwa havarongi rimwe chidzoyi, kukwirira chiri-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu kukura kwevanhu. Vatambi hazvina kuvanzika kuruzhinji, uye varipo chaipo panzvimbo, ivo vakapfeka Masiki dema uye gowns. Black anenge backstage, dariro colour keteni uye chikuva kuti musicians. Against ichi kumashure zvakajeka anogadza uye nezvidhori mune mavara madhirezi uye dzakapendwa mumaoko chena uye zviso.

Musoro mukuru yemitambo Bunraku ndiye mufananidzo kudhumhana manzwiro uye basa, "uremu" uye "Ninja." In nechepakati nyaya munhu akapiwa nemanzwiro, zvido, chido vanakidzwe noupenyu. Zvisinei, rinovatadzisa voruzhinji pfungwa, chikwereti, magariro uye tsika dzemunharaunda. Anofanira kuita haadi. Somugumisiro, kurwisana pakati basa uye pachake chido kunotungamirira dambudziko.

chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo mumvuri

Mumumvuri theatre ane nemidzi yawo kare. Nzvimbo parinowanika anoonekwa kuti Asia uye kubudirira chikuru yava kubudirira mune China. Yakanga kubva kwakauya eJapan mumvuri yemitambo.

Pakutanga, zvinomiririra vaishandisa nenhamba vakatema kubva pabepa kana nematehwe. Mamiriro akashanda mumatanda, akafukidza jira jena, shure izvo vatambi nokudzora nemifananidzo uye vachiimba. Kushandisa chiedza achitaura vakafungisisa chidzitiro, nhamba vatambi.

Mumumvuri theatre dzakasiyana mumaruwa vakanga nhamba yaro uye mhando repertoire akaita nziyo.

Theater ose

Ose - zvetsika Japanese enyambo yemitambo. Iye akaberekwa XVII remakore, uye mharidzo yokutanga dzakarongwa pasi pakachena denga. Asi zvinobatsira yemitambo akatanga kuonekwa musha unokosha kumifananidzo dzakadaro - oseba.

Plays of yemitambo ndezvaJehovha Genre Rakugo - satirical kana sekesa nyaya, nguva dzose yokupora Pakupedzisira, akazara puns uye majee. We yakatanga nyaya iyi anecdotes vakasikwa rakugoka - nyanzvi narrators.

Akapfeka kimono Artist anogara pakati chiitiko pamusoro pamutsago, mumaoko ake dzose tauro uye feni. rondedzero magamba vaiva vanhu mumakirasi siyana, dingindira nyaya haungoratidzwi. Kuchinja kwakanga chete iyoyo kuti nyaya dzakanga kusetsa, ukama enyika, epamba, kukamura uchishandisa uye nhoroondo ezvinhu.

Vazhinji nyaya zvakasikwa zviri Edo nguva uye Meiji nguva, saka zvishoma yaizivikanwa ano vateereri uye vakarondedzera mutorwa netsika, mararamiro uye matambudziko. Maererano neizvi vatambi vakawanda rakugo nyora nyaya satirical pamusoro emwedzi pachavo.

Chimwe Genre ose vaiona manzai. Izvi Kurukurirano enyambo, ayo midzi muna mharidzo yacho chinyakare Gore Idzva, achiperekedzwa vachiimba, vachitamba uye ichiita kuti Comedy zvatinoona. Zvishoma nezvishoma manzai yaisanganisira zvinhu slapstick, musicals nezvimwe Genres akaita kuti iye kunyange kupfuura dzakakurumbira uye akabvumira kuti paTV.

Theater ose nechipiriso uye Genres nanivabusi (rudzi ballad) uye Code (uri kuverenga). Codan inyaya, iyo inobva chokupika vaifamba Artists. The yepakutanga dingindira ngano (hondo kare) kuwedzerwa, uye yaisanganisira kupokana mhuri, kumatare kunozivikanwa vatongi, zviitiko enyika, kujairika panowanika muupenyu zvavo vomunyika. Zvisinei, havasi vose nyaya vanokurudzirwa nezviremera. zvesimba kazhinji kunyange unorambidzwa.

Pfupiso yebhuku

Traditional Japanese Theater - siyana uye kunzwisisa nyika vane zvinhu zviri vatambi, vaimbi, zvifukidziro, zvokushongedza, zvokupfeka, zvatiri, zvidhori, kutamba. Izvi zvose unoumba inoshamisa munyika Japanese yakasiyana uye unrepeatable chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nounyanzvi.