Artists Kukryniksy: sezvamunoita uye seboka Biography, mifananidzo

Artist Kusonganirana Kukryniksy, vakakurumbira 30-40-ies kuti XX remakore nokuda satirical mabasa ake, nhasi aisatombowanika kumarudzi itsva. Artists vakaita basa rinokosha netsika uye zvematongerwo enyika zviri Soviet Union.

VHUTEMAS - Musangano pfungwa

Higher Artistic uye Technical Workshops, akasikwa 1920 uye inozivikanwa pasi rose sezvo VHUTEMAS, yakabudiswa vazhinji vagadziri uye vemifananidzo vane kuchikosha zvazvinoita kwete tsika Soviet, asi vakasiya chiratidzo munyika ounyanzvi.

Zvikurukuru, hatina atanga nzira Kukryniksy vemifananidzo vaiuya pano nenzira dzakasiyana uye kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana, asi pamwe chete chinangwa - kudzidza kusika runako. Mikhail Kupriyanov, Porfiry Krylov akasangana muna 1922 apo kushanda kugadzira Angaswera VKhUTEMAS "Arapotdel". Ivo akasaina basa ravo uye kuderera kwemitambo Kukri Krykup. Gare gare vakanga vakabatana rookie mudzidzi Nikolai Sokolov, akanga refu akasaina basa rake sezvinoita Knicks. Saka pakanga akakurumbira mifananidzo Kukryniksy. Vadzidzi zvakabatanidzwa kwete chete rudo mifananidzo, asiwo zvavo maonero. chaikosha yavo yakanga kuseka, ivo Chinomufadza ziso chinosetsa mbariro ari dzakapoteredza chokwadi, uye akava kwavo pokutangira kuti pamwe.

pfungwa Commonwealth

Kukryniksy Artists - yakasiyana nedzimwe chakajairika mutsika munyika. Mawa basa mabasa aida pedyo ukama uye napedyo maonero. Vakanga vakabatanidzwa okusika pachikuva - vakaedza kunzwisisa kusetsa uye akariisa nenhamba. A guru muchinangwa paumbwe Commonwealth vakaridza Mayakovsky, iye mudzidziso zvavaifunga uye moods. Ake "Mawindo satire Growth" akava yunivhesiti chaiyo cartoonists. The nyanduri, zvakare, vakandoteka nzeve ane chikwata anonakidza uye akavabvunza kuti ape mashoko "tsikidzi", uye gare gare ivo achasika nhevedzano yokunyora nokudhirowa pamusoro chigadzirwa ichi. In basa akapfupikisa ichi zvinhu zvinoyevedza nzira dzavo, vanoukwevera Mayakovsky ushingi, zvakarurama uye topicality.

chikwata Biography chokuita kusikwa yakasiyana nedzimwe chakajairika iri ziso Arts, rainzi "zvakanaka satire". Murume wechipiri, uyo airidza inokosha basa inotungamirwa Kukryniksy yaivava. Haana chete dzakavabatsira kuwana basa, asi vakadzidzisawo yakarurama Pfungwa nzira. Ndiye akakurudzira kwavo kufarira zvematongerwo enyika, uye akabatsira kunzwisisa bato mutsetse. Huru simbi basa satirical ravo zvechokwadi - Kutsvinyirwa uye anopedza. Kwemakumi emakore, kubva pakati paNovember 20s pakunopera 90s, vemifananidzo vaiva shamwari dzepedyo, uye rinobvumira kuti vashande pamwe chete.

Artistic nzira Kukryniksy

Kukryniksy Artists vakakwanisa kusika rakasiyana nzira kushanda chimedu. Creative Mapoka asati pavo, asi avo umo zvose okusika munhu akazvimiririra vakadzima muzita iri seboka "Ini" womufananidzo, haana kuitika. Vakashanda kuti zvinogona neimwe Musiki akanga zvikuru mudzidziso rokupedzisira chigadzirwa. Somugumisiro revanoshamwaridzana pamwe yakabuda munhu kucherechedzwa werudzii satirical Artists uyo akaziva zvizere muna mapepa uye cartoons, asiwo kusiyana pamatende. Vakashanda chimedu panguva, kuswedera kufamba mudenderedzwa, akauya nomumwe unozvibata dzavo pazviri, uye kugamuchira seboka chigadzirwa.

Kukryniksy nguva dzose vakanamatira misimboti maviri: rudzi uye nomweya bato. Vakanzwisisa unyanzvi sezvo basa kuti Motherland uye umhare mwoyo pamusoro Nguva 20s, vakaenda kuburikidza hwake hwose rokusika upenyu.

Milestones nenzira okusika

Kukryniksy akatanga kushanda pamwe chete cartoonist ari akakurumbira pepanhau rusvingo "Arapotdel" izvo zvikuru akasekwa siyana uye formalist, yatevedzerwa bato mutsetse. Kubvira 1924, havana vanoitirana mifananidzo mabhuku mabasa. Ivo Akaenzanisira vaduku vanyori uye kunyange kuva Genre yakadai representational kutsoropodza. Bamba Gorky akataura kuti kujairika mifananidzo uye akavayambira kuti vaswedere hwakafara dzinotaura kuti unyanzvi upenyu, kwete chete mumabhuku. Panoperera pakati 20s cartoons Kukryniksy kudhindwa mumagazini zvose chaiko, vanouya pamwe chete vanyori zhinji. Ivo akafumura mabhuku uipi: kubhoekana, musoro, zvetsika. Uye nhasi, vazhinji cartoons dzavo havana kurasa kuenderana yavo.

Kubvira muna 1925, boka iri kushingaira pamwe nenhepfenyuro Soviet, kubudisa ikoko caustic caricatures munzanga zvakaipa. Zvishoma nezvishoma mukurumbira kukura kwavo, uye muverengi ose, nokuvhura pepanhau, kutanga vaitsvaka vanodhirowa. Panguva iyi, wakapedzeredzwa unyanzvi hwavo, kunyanya kunaka kwavo ingi vanodhirowa uye sharzhevaya, caustic wedzerai zvaunoswedera atypical yayo nokuda Soviet venhau hasha. dzakatevedzana ravo akadai "Transport" mupepanhau "Pravda", vakazviisa rakakomba mukurumbira. Vanova anotaura akamirira yaitonga.

Mumakore prewar Kukryniksy vanozviwana vari Genre itsva - enyika mapepa. Munguva yehondo, akava chombo chaiyo pamusoro muvengi. Kukryniksy mapepa anobatsira vanhu Soviet Union muna zvikuru dzakaoma, kuva simba Pfungwa mudziyo simba. posita yavo "tsitsi kupwanya uye kuparadza muvengi!" akazviratidza mumigwagwa munyika June 1941. Ivo kushumira Motherland akaenda rose hondo pamwe nemasoja ari muchimiro mapepa uye mapepa. Vaishanda mu racho "TASS Mawindo" riri muchimiro posita akafukidza nhau uye ndakachengeta morale rwacho. Pashure pehondo vave abvumirwa kuti rokuNuremberg miedzo uye vakaita bhendesera mushumo. Kukryniksy kuva Classics ari cartoons Soviet wechokwadi vakazivikanwa pose, vakagamuchira basa mibayiro yakawanda.

Nharaunda yechitatu iyo kushanda Kukryniksy aiva kupenda. Yakasiya Genre zvikamu, Portraits, mifananidzo Nhoroondo madingindira, kuisa nheyo kuti nhungamiro itsva uri - mugovanisi realism. Munguva vavakezve nyika Kukryniksy kushanda zvakawanda pachaunga, bhuku Graphics, pendi mifananidzo. Munguva 60s, ivo kusika vazhinji mifananidzo Classics Russian. Uyezve, mumwe yokudhirowa pave yavo. Mune 80-90s nemhaka yezera ravo vemifananidzo vari kushanda zvishoma, asi avo pamwe okusika haina yarega kusvikira pakuguma kwoupenyu.

Kosha basa Kukryniksy

Kukryniksy Artists kunge vaifarira chaizvo, nokuti pasi penzura dzavo uye bhurasho vakasiya mabasa mazhinji kunoshamisa. Wekumusoro chinozikamwa vaiva: dungwerungwe satirical Portraits kuti "The Face muvengi", kubatanidza emashoko yaibvira posita uye easel kupenda, mumwe triptych "vanatenzi ekare", mufananidzo kuti muunganidzwa mabasa Gogol uye mabasa Gorky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ilf uye Petrov, uyewo vakawanda mapepa makore hondo. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira "vakaputsa Museum", "mamiriro ezvinhu kuronga uye kubatwa of Moscow", "akanaka jana akakodzera mumwe", uyewo mifananidzo kuti "Tanya", "The Flight pamusoro vokuGermany kubva Novgorod", "Kuguma."

Kuratidzira uye nhaka Kukryniksy

Muna 1932, yokutanga inoratidzirwa Kukryniksy, akarongwa neZvapupu Bamba Gorky. Pane rave nechinopiwa enyika uye mumhuri katuni, kupenda, bhuku Graphics. Muna 1952, mumwe pashoo guru yakaitirwa Academy of Arts of USSR, izvo zvikuru uye zvakazara yaimirirwa Kukryniksy okugadzira zvinhu, uyewo kumira-oga mabasa Artists enzvimbo kuna Association. Muna 2008, zvakanga akabata retrospective kuratidza Kukryniksy.

Cartoonists, ane nhaka hunonyatsobatana nhoroondo Soviet wehurumende, rave vakagamuchira chikuru ehurumende mibayiro uye mibayiro. basa ravo anochengeterwa mamiziyamu pakukura Russia.

Creative nzira Mikhail Kupriyanov

Mikhail Kupriyanov akaberekerwa mutaundi duku riri Volga Tetyushi. Kubva pauduku aifarira kuzochera, ndaiva Tashkent muCentral Art Studios, apo Akatumwa pwere rwokuparidza. For kunoshamisa kubudirira kuchikoro, akatumirwa kudzidza muMoscow muna VHUTEMAS, kwaakabereka nhengo Kukryniksy.

Independent rokusika Kupriyanov kwakasimbiswa zvinobudirira upenyu, akaziva pachake somunhu rokupenda. Iye akada Genre kuti nzvimbo. Nhasi, anozivikanwa nokuda dzakatevedzana ake emifananidzo vane maonero Leningrad, kweGungwa reCaspian uye aro.

Apedza basa rake muna 1991.

Artist Porfiry Krylov

The nhengo munharaunda Kukryniksy rechipiri - Porfiry Krylov akaberekwa muna Tula. Kubvira pauduku, akaratidza unyanzvi, akadzidza paChikoro Art Studio, ipapo akapinda VHUTEMAS. Kuwedzera mabasa muna Kukryniksy, akashanda ari rokupenda, iye kupendwa Portraits, nharaunda, vachiri lifes. Mabasa ake vari muunganidzwa mamiziyamu zhinji munyika. ake imba-miziyamu yakavhurwa Tula.

Porphyry Nikitich akafa muna 1990.

Creative Biography pamusoro Nikolai Sokolov

Muscovite Nikolai Sokolov kudzidza unyanzvi Studio pamusoro Proletkult, achibva akapinda VHUTEMAS uye akava nhengo Kukryniksy rechitatu. Sokolov yakaitwa somunhu unyanzvi rokupenda. kufarira Genre ake akanga lyrical yakanaka. basa rake "nzvimbo Lermontov kuti", "Abramtsevo", "Evening pamusoro Volga" uye vamwe vari kuchengetwa zvakanaka Mumamiziyamu kuRussia.

Nikolay Sokolov akafa muna 2000.