Chii chinonzi Red Book? Chii chinobatsira pachako samapere?

Man chikamu zvakasikwa, asi nokuda kwechikonzero chinowanzoonekwa kukanganwika. Kakawanda, zvakatipoteredza ari kutambura pamusoro vanhu pachavo mupenyu. Vazhinji Masangano dzakawanda, kuvapo izvo hatimbozivi chifungidziro, kuedza kudzivirira vanhu, ndezvokuti, kubva pachake.

Chii IUCN kuita sangano

Kuwanda makambani zvezvakatipoteredza zvinosanganisira International Union kuti Conservation pamusoro Nature, IUCN rakapfupikiswa. Akasika pamwe UNESCO wedzerai muna 1948 uye ndiye mumwe zvenyika guru asiri purofiti uye akazvimirira sangano. Pakati mabhuku akawanda rakabudiswa Union - Red Book. Hongu, hongu, ndiye, nokuvapo yatiri kudzidza kuchikoro, uye pakupedzisira - kukanganwa. Chii International Red Book? Harisi mutemo, hazvina pamutemo, anongoti anotakura kurumbidzwaka uku kune nyika uko kune ngozi mhuka. Policy Gwaro pamusoro IUCN, rwakazokura pamutemo muna 1979, ndiye "World Conservation Strategy". IUCN - The mukuru sangano, icho rinoumbwa 78 States uye, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, 12,000 vasayendisiti uye nyanzvi pasi pose. The dzakawanda Red Book anoiswa gurupu zvose mashoma uye chidukuduku mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Vaibvumirwa kupinda soro renyika yakati sandara, Nature Conservation Union akagadzirira pamwe chero pati, sangano kana boka revazvipiri, ane mabasa anosanganisira kuchengetedzwa nokudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Chinangwa chikuru the IUCN - sezvo zvakanyanya sezvo zvichiita uye inokwanisika kuunza pfungwa dzavo yose vanhu uye, somugumisiro, kuvandudza maitiro zvakasikwa kudzivirira, zvisinei enyika uye munzanga kusiyana.

Chii chinonzi Red Book

Pfungwa racho rinonzi, izvo zvaizoita kuti wakaunganidza pangozi zvemhuka uye zvinomera yaiva refu nguva, saka rekukwazisa inoumbwa IUCN, pamusoro zvisingawanzoitiki mhando zvakasikwa, Komisheni akatanga kukudziridza bhuku rino. Sachigaro Peter Scott basa aida kudana kwaari "Red" nechifukidziro kuti zvakafanana ruvara - chiratidzo chokuti hunhu iri mungozi kutsakatika. Kuna ruvara uye zita rinonzi akaita vanhu vanofunga zvakaipa atinoitwa hunhu, kuparadzwa kwayo ufuza.

Chii chinonzi Red Book? Aine maonero kuchengetedza nyika yakatipoteredza, International Union kuti Conservation pamusoro Nature muna 1963 yakabudisa Red Book, izvo dzakatorwa kupfuura kashoma kuwana mhando fauna of. Edition akatendeuka akabuda zvikuru voluminous - mu mavhoriyamu maviri, asi riparadzirwe muduku zvikuru, uye varidzi makopi akatanga chete mamwe vezvematongerwo uye masayendisiti vakakurumbira.

Zvishoma nezvishoma kwaiva kuchinja mamiriro ... The Red Book akanga ikazobudiswazve nguva mana (pamberi 1980). Panguva ino zvachose aenda 14 marudzi emhuka, neshiri, nezvinokambaira, nehove amphibians. Kana mamwe marudzi uye subspecies nemhuka, shiri uye zvinokambaira yadzorerwa, hove uye amphibians vasina nemhanza.

Color uye insignia

Tsanangudzo "chii Red Book" dzinogona kuwanikwa chero enisaikoropidhiya kana duramazwi. Bhuku rino iri kujairika chokuti mapeji aro akasiyana ruvara, zvichienderana muchikwata rakanyorwa imwe Pepa kwemarudzi kana subspecies kuti kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Nokuti zvivanakire kwose vanoparadzaniswa uye vanozivikanwa anotevera zviratidzo:

1. Black ruvara:

• EKS - nokutsakatika;
• EW - achiri vakachengetedzwa, asi kurarama muutapwa.

2. Red - kutyisidzirwa ne kutsakatika:

• CR - dzinonetsa nzvimbo;
• EN - pasi nokutyisidzirwa kutsakatika;
• VU - vanoshupika chaizvo.

3. mutema - yakaderera ngozi:

• CD - anogona inonyangarika pasina kupa zvakafanira kudzivirira matanho;
• NT - nechekare pedyo boka "pangozi ';
• LC - ngozi uripo, asi shoma.

Chii Red Book kweRussia

The rokutanga reShanduro "Red Book USSR" Mikoko 1978 .. Gare gare vakatanga kuzivisa Red Data Books of Union chinoda uye vachaparadzanisa kupfuura rakabvongodzwa nharaunda uye nzvimbo.

Human kukanganisa hunhu rinonyanya vakawanda kumatunhu Russia akava vakadaro kuti kwezvimwe zvemhuka uye zvinomera haana chinhu shoma - ivo anyangarika chose kubva pamusoro penyika. Tours - somuenzaniso, mhuka kamwe guru vaigara munharaunda Russia. Vanhu ava, kufanana nyati aiva chaizvo kukura, kukwirira yavo hunooma zvasvika mamita maviri. Sezvingatarisirwa, ivo kuchiva dzamakondo vavhimi. Kuwanda vaitenderera nokukurumidza zvakadaro wapera, vakuru Tsarist Russia akaridza aramu, uye akanga chirevo pamusoro kudzivirirwa mhuka idzi uye kurambidzwa zvavo kunovhima nhandare iri dzoumambo. Asi hazvina kubatsira, uye nzendo akanga aenda.

The zvinoitirwa yaakavingwa hama Przewalski bhiza - tarpan. Vaigara inowanzorimwa uye dondo inowanzorimwa Russia, asi kugara vakatanga kurima nyika, vachisiya pasina mukana yokupona Tarpanam. Kana pasina kuchengeterwa "Bialowieza Forest" hwagadzwa, ari bison angadai akatambudzikawo zvinoitirwa. List yemhuka yakatotsakatika muRussia kuramba vachiwedzera, zvinosuwisa. Zvino, 22 howa vari pamahombekombe kutsakatika, 25 eshiri, mumwe goroondo, mhando nhatu hove, 16 invertebrates, uye anenge zana zvinomera.

Pahwaro of Federal Mutemo "On Environmental Protection" (1991) uye "On Wildlife" (1995) zvakanzi rakabudiswa muna 2001. "The Red Bhuku Russian Federation. Mhuka"

Zvino Red Bhuku Russia ndiyo yorugwaro dziri pangozi zvemhuka uye zvinomera, izvo 533 vari vava kuda kutsakatika.

Chii Red Bhuku Plants

The shanu Shanduro Red Book okutanga akazvipira chete kuti pangozi uye kashoma mhando dzemhuka uye kubva 1963 yakabudiswa Red Book zvinomera. Kubvira panguva tsanangudzo "zvakataurwa Red Book", kushandura mutsetse apo riri kutaurwa pamusoro mazita rarest kwete mhuka, asiwo kasvisto

Number kufa miti iri kuwedzera kwakadaro pamwero kuti nhasi ari Red Book vakanga kunyange avo rudzi kuti munguva ichangopfuura akakura kose munzvimbo huru. Izvi kare zvinogona kuverengwa pakati Galanthus nivalis, cornflower Dubyansky, Corydalis Marshall and said.

Chii Red Book of Mapato? The kugamuchirwa nokupesana Russia

1. Category 0. boka iri rinosanganisira avo mhando nemhuka, achigere kuonekwa. Zita boka - "zvimwe yakatotsakatika".

2. Category 1. marudzi ava vasvika dzinonetsa saizi, zvinokwanisika kudziverenga mumwe nomumwe. mhuka pangozi ichi (mumwe wevaya ndiyo kuSiberia ingwe.) Uye zvirimwa.

3. Category 2 ipfupi pauwandu. Vanogona chero nguva kupinda rimwe Mapato maviri okutanga, kana musingadi uzviise akadzivirirwa mapazi kuti wakaoma kutarisira nhamba. Mumiririri boka iri Mandarin Dhadha.

4. chikamu wechitatu - isingawanzowanikwi mhuka. Vanorarama kukwana nzvimbo uye vane simba shoma. Munguva ichangopfuura, napanzvimbo kwomukadzi wacho patapata asingaiti kushamisa munhu, uye vanhu vakaungana anamasumbu, kunakidzwa runako kwayo kujairika. Zvino haiwanzowaniki rudzi.

5. Category 4 asina chinzvimbo. Ndiyo mhando izvo chete vanachiremba vanoziva; ivo pamusana zvinomera chete 10 uye 40 vamiririri fauna of.

6. Category 5. The mhando boka iri chete kufara mumwoyo. Ivo "kudzorera kana panoda" inonzi. Nokuda kuitwa, dzimwe mhando bvisa kuponesa.

7. Category 6. Ndicho kupfuura vakawanda dzose pamusoro. Vari pasi zvachose kuzvidzora uye kutarisira mumwe munhu.

Zvino tinoziva zvakaitwa Red Book. Chete kuziva migumisiro mutengi atinoitwa hunhu, tinogona kudzidza kuva, kana zvinomera nemhuka regai kusiya nyika yedu, uye Red Book of peji.