Chii transistor uye chii chiri chinangwa chayo

vanhu vazhinji, vakanga zvakadaro takatarisana zvemagetsi uye zvemagetsi matunhu, zvinofadza kuwana, kubva yavakanga vanoumbwa. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana okunze ane transistor. Saka chii chinonzi transistor?

Uyu akadaro semiconductor mudziyo, iyo yakagadzirirwa kuatsanangura uye Magetsi kuzvidzora. Asi tsanangudzo iyi haripi kunyatsonzwisisa kuti transistor.

mudziyo Izvi kugadzirwa ari discrete pakuderedza ari munhu akasiyana kacho kana sezvo yezviri chinhu vanonzi Integrated matunhu. Ndivo kukura transistors pokugara zvingava zvishoma pane mashomanana hundredths ane millimeter.

Ndeipi transistor tichitarisa kushandiswa kwayo mumaindasitiri siyana, uye Electronics? Sezvo mudziyo uyu zvikuru nyore zvinoenderana kuti dzakasiyana-siyana kwacho ezvinhu, atova nhasi zvakazara chakatsiva yekare Vacuum sepombi, zvinobudirira vachisiya chubhu-unyanzvi ari kure kare, ane kusara shoma. Pahwaro wenyika transistor yose michina akaumba widest nzvimbo mabikirwo indasitiri - zvemagetsi ouinjiniya semiconductor (rinosanganisira kudhinda uye kushanda mano akadai kubuda uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvemhando, semiconductor midziyo, etc.).

Nokuti kunzwisisa nyaya kuti ndiye transistor izere, zvakakodzera kutarisira zvishoma kupinda munhoroondo kushandiswa kwayo. Somuenzaniso, zvinozivikanwa kuti chokutanga chinokosha rinodyiwa, akasunungura pachishandiswa ari transistor, waiva kunzwa rubatsiro. Iye akabuda pakati rokupedzisira remakore. Maererano maindasitiri chikumbiro pakutanga transistor unyanzvi yaishandiswa runhare nokuchinja.

Nhasi, mano aya anoshandiswa kwose kwose nokuda transistor parameters dzaro waivako zvechokwadi rakasiyana uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvakakodzera kutaura kushandisa izvi zvemagetsi mu mnogotranzistornyh Integrated nematunhu, muna redhiyo, muna materevhizheni uye vanyori, macalculator, mune matoyi evana. Transistor Technology akagamuchira widest pakugoverwa ari vakachengeteka uye moto aramu enyika, mavhidhiyo mutambo inonyaradza, controllers siyana (simba regulators iri rinorema bhizimisi uye locomotives kuti chiedza controllers).

Chii transistor yaro kushanda yazvino-digital ano? Izvi zvikuru yemhando kuvamba, zviripo, somuenzaniso, mune tranzistorirovannoy chinotsva jekiseni hurongwa, kuti kuvesa kudzora mamiriro uye murau pamusoro machipisi (microprocessor zvemichina uye microcontrollers) uyewo digitaalinen wachi Camera.

Asi zvikuru kuyevedza kuchinja akaita transistor pakukurukurirana gadziriro uye date kugadzira. Rinoshandiswa panguva musimboti muhofisi, ari mainframe. Kukura nzvimbo michina uye nzvimbo kutiza kuti kungova hazviiti pasina kushandisa transistor kwemichina. Kwavari, muchiuto (kuenda neherikoputa uye pasi zvokuongorora) Special intermetallic semiconductor zvinhu kunyange yakatanga.