Chirimwa-mufambi: nei inonzi kudaro?

Kufanana nevanhu vakawanda, miti vanoda kufamba, anokunda kwete chete nezviuru makiromita nzvimbo, asi mazana emakore nguva. Wide dispersal zvinomera kuburikidza ruminant mumamiriro ezvinhu matsva uye kuva zvokudya yaizivikanwa uye zvinokosha patafura yekudyira, vakabatsira nzvimbo yomugariro zvakawanwa zvakare. Corn, tomato mbatatisi, mhiripiri, fodya, sunflower, bhinzi dzaiunzwa Europe pashure kuwanikwa America.

Inozivikanwa miti - vashanyi vanobva kunyika kure?

Dzaimboonekwa isingawanzowanikwi mhiri kwemakungwa kuziva uye delicacy zvinodhura matapiri - mugari of South American mumakomo eAndes - wakatangwa kuna Europe nokuda vokuSpain mu rechi16 caravels remakore yakatakura nendarama nesirivha. VokuRussia kuonana naye mukupera kwezana remakore rechi17 uye kutanga vakura ive zvishongo zvirimwa; kunyange vakadzi huru yakashongedzwa pachavo pamwe maruva. The Russian chirimwa mufambi matapiri hadziwanzowaniki chaizvo dhishi patafura yamambo; muna 1741 panguva pakuzvichenesa mabiko kuti dare ake ose vakashandisa magiramu 500 chete. Matapiri havana kuziva sei kukura zvokudya uye akadya uturu michero uye kwete tubers. Chete yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19 yaishandiswa senguva yepamusoro chigadzirwa Aidada nzvimbo pamusoro yokudyira patafura mumwe munhu.

Tomato (domatisi) - chizvarwa Peru (ichi ndipo kukwanisa kuwanikwa dzomusango pamwe nezvibereko Cherry kadikidiki uye achirema hapana anopfuura 5 magiramu), rakashandurwa kubva Italian rinoreva "yendarama apuro". Europe zvakazivikanwa kuziva tomato yabva South America mukupera rechi18; muRussia chirimwa ichi somunhu chirimwa zvokudya akazviratidza pakati pezana remakore rechi19. America refu vakatenda madomasi muchetura, kunyange kuedza kuchetura zvibereko George Washington - wokutanga purezidhendi.

Sunflower - uyewo mufambi?

Sunflower, chirimwa avanoziva kwatiri, mueni kubva kure Mexico, apo vagari aiona ruva chitsvene, embodying zuva uye akafanira ichichiyemura. Kamwe muzana remakore rechi16 kubvira America kuEurope, chirimwa-mufambi akava chishongo youmambo mumunda muMadrid. Akabva kudanana pamwe vepamusoro French: mambo France, Louis XIV akarayira kuti chirimwa sunflower munda yaiva pedyo Versailles. Pasi chitsinga iri gwenya chirimwa uye akashatirwa Petro vachimuona muNetherlands. mambo wechiduku akaenda kumba bhegi sunflower mbeu, apo akanga akura ari Kremlin mumunda sezvo mhiri kwemakungwa chishamiso. With chiedza zvitengeswa tsanzira vokuRussia sunflower mbeu akatanga kushandiswa senzvimbo vaitire uye zvinonaka uye nderamafuta mafuta chete mbeu sunflower zvakakonzera kwakapararira chinokosha.

Chirimwa-mufambi wemagaka - thermophilic uye yaizivikanwa chigadzirwa kwatiri - zvinoitika, ari kushanyira vaenzi, munhau yokumusha anonzi Southeast Asia uye India. Zvisaririra wemagaka Vakaisa akafa zvokudya mukuru kwakawanikwa mumakuva muEgipita, uye mune Indian netemberi unogona kuona yakavezwa inofananidza iyo iri miriwo. In Russia gaka yarova 10-11 remakore kubva Byzantium uye ikozvino rapera rose nenyika yaro, sezvo kusango uye greenhouses.

Plantain anofamba nyika pamusoro sole

Kubva uswa zvirimwa, rwakazokura kwakapararira kuRussia, ndinoda kutaura psyllium. Its semushonga ave achizivikanwa kunyange mwana; bepa vasiyana ronda, anodzivira ropa uye anonyaradza kurwadziwa. Sei chirimwa inonzi plantain-mufambi? Nekuti tsika iyi dzakakurumbira dzakawanda dzenyika uye airemekedzwa munyika dzakawanda kubvira munguva dzekare. VokuItaly, vaGiriki, vaPezhiya, uye vaArabhu zvikuru akabayira chirimwa nokuda kuporesa ehupfumi. Plantain anokwanisa kudzivirira pamusoro nemauto zvakaipa, batsirai nomusoro, batsirai ikaruma umhutu uye nyuchi, kuderedza kuzvimba mumuviri. VokuAmerica vane chirimwa-mufambi unonziwo "chena yomunhu tsoka", sezvo zvakaita "munhu chena", chirimwa ichi akaonekwa pasi kondinendi yavo. Uye kashoma Vagari zvifambiswe kuti nyika iri chinangwa, zvichida, mbeu mupudzi netsaona hwakakanyiwa dzimwe mbeu kana kupinda inotsika shangu uye zvimwe zvinhu. Izvi zvinoratidza kunoshamisa simba zvakadaro mashiripiti chirimwa. MuRussia, zita plantain vakagamuchira nzvimbo kukura: mu migwagwa kakawanda kunogona kuonekwa.

Vatsva chirimwa sora

Kubva America kuEurope akaunzwa pineappleweed, izvo zviri 70s remakore rechi19 akaonekwa vazhinji pamusoro mawere njanji embankments apo akatamira munzvimbo yakaoma, apo kupararira kwose kwose. Pane chirimwa-mufambi nesimba muna Europe, pamwe kutenga zviyo, izvo, pachena, haana vakachenesa kwazvo kubva mbeu sora. Ivo ndapepuka kuburikidza makatsemuka muna motokari, uye vakapararira.

Vamwe zvirimwa vafambi (mvura Hyacinth uye Elodea canadensis) vava tyava chaicho kumatunhu vakawanda. Waterweed nezuva pazasi madziva, nechipo mutema Mafuro pane kusika kuyerwa dzevamhan'ari wekushandisa uye hove. Nokuti nyore uye yakakwirira achichinja nayo chero mamiriro ezvinhu anonzi "mvura chirwere" kana "mvura denda". Zvino vose Asia uye Europe madziva nematombo ichi chirimwa.

Kwete napaduku Elodie Canadian mvura Hyacinth - yakaipisisa masora pakati reservoirs zvose uye nzizi, gobvu makapeti unovanza mvura pamusoro. Yabva America somunhu Sora chirimwa, nokukurumidza riri akamuka ayo kupararira mumvura Indonesia, Australia, Philippines, Japan, Asia uye Africa.

European America zvipo

America kwete chete zvabatsira Europe dzakakurumbira tsika. European uye nyika Asian uyewo kuramba vari chikwereti Kusuma vekuAmerica pamwe mupunga, gorosi, bhari, shuga nomudonzvo, beets nezvimwe zvirimwa. Vazhinji zvinomera Vafambi vane ukama hwepedyo nomunhu kupinda anonzi boka commensal ari (kubva muchiGiriki "syn '." - pamwe chete, "Anthropos" - vanhu). Kuti ukama nomurume kwakatungamirira dzavo kushandiswa kwose kwose, nokuda vazhinji vava cosmopolitans uye nenzvimbo chikamu chikuru munyika. miriwo kwakadaro zvinosanganisira pigweed, voikukka, romufudzi chikwama, wepagore bluegrass.