Cinema India: nhoroondo yokusika uye kukura

Kunyange kana iwe kumboona mafirimu Indian, shoko "Bollywood" pakarepo vanotanga mifananidzo Vakamupfekedza, inopenya uye mavara mafirimu vapfurwa zvekumwe nzvimbo, apo vose upenyu kutamba uye zvinoimba. Asi chii ndiyo nhoroondo yokusika uye kuvandudzwa Indian sinema? Uye indasitiri riri kukura kuva chimwe chezvinhu simba uye mari zvinobatsira mune indasitiri munyika?

ziviso

Nyanzvi dzakawanda vasawirirana chairo tsanangudzo rokuti "Bollywood". Kunyange zvakadaro, kufanana nemashoko ari: "Bollywood" - iri rine simba firimu maindasitiri muna Mumbai, apo firimu zvinorehwa Hindi, pamwe kunofadza kutamba Chiitiko nenziyo. Hazvina kufukidza yose firimu maindasitiri kuIndia, 20 chete% of zvachose firimu kugadzirwa nyika. Bollywood - haisi imwe Genre firimu, ndiro indasitiri siyana mirayiridzo.

Nhoroondo Indian mabhaisikopo Mikoko kudzokera namapfumbamwe remakore. Muna 1896, mafirimu okutanga filmed uye kuratidzwa muna Lumière hama Mumbai (Bombay).

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti apo Harishchandra Sakharam inonziwo "vachiri Photo" akarayira kamera kubva kuEngland, kuti akaita firimu "Champions" iri akarembera mumapindu of Mumbai. Raiva nyore muhondo chinyorwa kuti nokukurumidza akaratidza 1899 uye vakatanga kunzi wokutanga "zvinofamba" mabhaisikopu pane Indian mufirimu indasitiri.

Cinema India: nhoroondo

Baba Indian mabhaisikopo anonzi Dadasaheda Falke, uyo akasunungura nyika yokutanga renguva urefu dzomufirimu "Raja Harischandra" muna 1913. Ichi ndicho chokutanga Indian firimu kuratidzwa kuLondon muna 1914. mufananidzo Silent akanga achitiza vezvokutengeserana kubudirira.

Dadasahed haana chete mugadziri asiwo mutungamiriri, screenwriter, cinematographer, mupepeti, uye kunyange kuita-up Artist. Munguva kubva 1913 kusvika 1918, iye aitarisira uye kudzora kupfura 23 mafirimu.

Pakutanga, kuvandudzwa Indian mabhaisikopo haina kuitika nokukurumidza sezvaungagona kuHollywood. New firimu Kugadzirwa makambani akatanga kuonekwa ari 1920s. Paintings kwakavakirwa rengano uye nhoroondo zvinhu pamwe Zvikamu kubva Mahabharata uye Ramayana, akatanga kutonga muna 20s. Asi Indian vanoiona kupfuura vaGarirea nemauto.

End of "nyarara munguva"

Yokutanga Indian inzwi firimu "Alam Ara" akanga firimu muBombay muna 1931. Musical Kumutungamiriri yakatarwa iyi mufananidzo waiva Hirose Shah akakwanisa kunyora rwiyo yokutanga "De De Khuda" by BM Khan. Cinema India "akapinda" kwenguva itsva.

Pashure paizvozvo, dzakawanda zvemafirimu vakatsvaka kuwedzera Indian firimu kugadzirwa. 328 Mifananidzo zvakabviswa muna 1931. Izvi katatu kupfuura muna 1927 - 107 Prime. Panguva ino, uyewo zvakawedzera nhamba cinemas uye horo.

Kubva 1930 kusvika 1940, pachikuva, kune nhamba akakurumbira vakawanda Indian mabhaisikopo: Debaki Bose, Chetan Anand, Bhashani, Nitin Bose nevamwe.

zvenharaunda mafirimu

Panguva iyi, vakanga dzakakurumbira Hindi mafirimu kwete chete. The zvenharaunda firimu indasitiri rave akanga yayo muchiso. Wokutanga Bengali firimu "nechomukati Damyanti" pamwe Italian vatambi vari kutungamirira mabasa, vaoni akaona muna 1917. The mufananidzo akanga akadambura Dzhayotish Sarkar.

Muna 1919 akanga vanotaurwa mbeveve South Indian dzomufirimu vanoda "kechak vadham".

In firimu "Kaliya Mardan" mwanasikana Dadasaheda Falke aiva mwana "nyeredzi", iro rakabatsira basa mwana Krishna muna 1919 pakutanga.

Sound firimu mu Bengali "Jamai Shashti" yakaratidzwa 1931 (zvinoberekwa "Theaters Madan").

Kunze Bengali uye mumitauro South Indian, Regional mafirimu vakanga vaita nendimi: Oriya, Punjabi, Marathi, Assamese nevamwe. "Aethedzha Raja" aiva wokutanga Marathi firimu yakaitwa 1932. Mufananidzo uyu akaitwa Hindi uye kuti kukwezva vanhu kuti vaone.

Kuberekwa "munguva itsva"

History of Cinema kuIndia ari kunova yakatanga panguva Second World War. Kuzvarwa ano Indian firimu maindasitiri rakaitwa muna 1947. Iyi kwakaratidzwa zvinokosha uye zvinoshamisa transformations ari kupfura mafirimu. Famous firimu Satyat Ray uye Bimal Roy akaita mifananidzo akanga pfungwa Kupona nyaya uye nezuva kutambura yavanhu rezasi mukirasi.

Historical uye rengano nyaya payakaserera kupinda necheseri, uye magariro mafirimu vakasvika zvakazadza indasitiri. Vakanga kwakavakirwa madingindira akadai ufeve, barika nezvimwe zviito zvisiri pamutemo, izvo zvikuru vakanga raishandiswa India. Cinema unoratidzwa uye mhosva mabasa akadaro.

Muna 1960 vatungamiriri ritvik Çatak, Mrinal Sen nevamwe pfungwa matambudziko chaiwo zvinowanzoitwa murume. Several anozivikanwa mafirimu vakapfurwa nyaya idzi, izvo akabvumira "kubvisa rinokosha niche" iri Indian firimu indasitiri.

The pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri anonzi ari "yendarama zera" munhoroondo Indian cinema. Panguva ino akatanga kukura zvinobatsira vatambi: Guru Dutt, Radzh Kapur, Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Madhubala, reNargis, Nutan, Dev Anand, Waheeda Rehman nevamwe.

Bollywood - piyona kuti "Masala" movie

Muna 1970 firimu "Masala" unowanikwazve Bollywood. Vateereri ainakidzwa uye Vafadzwa nazvo kubudikidza Aura kuti vatambi vakaita Rajesh Khanna, Darmendra, Sandzhiv Kumar, Hema Malini. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muvambi kwezvisikwa Masala mafirimu vaiva nomukurumbira uye akabudirira mukuru, Manmohan Desai. Iye ndaigarokakavadzana kuti zvechokwadi anoda vanhu kuti kukanganwa nhamo yake, uye vakapinda nyika hope, apo pasina urombo.

"Shola" - imwe nzira itsva firimu kutungamirirwa Ramesh Sippy, kwete chete akapiwa dzakawanda pamutemo, asi akaitawo Amitabh Bachchan 'semutambi'.

Several hadzi vatungamiriri (Meera Nair, Aparna Sen) vakaratidza matarenda avo 1980. Tingaitei kukanganwa inoshamisa uye akakwana kinotvortse Rekha, uyo akabvisa kunoshamisa firimu "Umrao Jaan" muna 1981?

Kuma1990 zvakava akakurumbira zvakadaro vatambi: Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Madhuri Dixit, Aamir Khan, Chawla, Chiranjeevi nevamwe. Nyanzvi idzi vari kutsvaka nzira itsva kuti vakanga zvakawanda dzakabudirira mabhaisikopu kweIndia. History haazokanganwi muna 2008 iyo yava Risingakanganwiki nokuda Bollywood - Rahman akahwina ane Oscar mibayiro mbiri yakanakisisa Shandurwa pamusoro firimu "Slumdog shoroma."

urudzi

Kuramba kujairirana Indian mabhaisikopo, zvinokosha kuziva kuti pane zvina zvinoumba huru kuti kubatsira zvikuru aripo ukama "India - mabhaisikopu": urudzi, kusenza, uye mumhanzi Genres. Funga izvi misoro zvizere.

Vachiri padanho Kugadzirwa indasitiri vazhinji kwokufananidzira Bollywood kusarudza kukuru rakaitirwa kushandiswa Hindi sechinhu chikuru mune Indian mafirimu. Sei zvakadaro? Zvechokwadi, muna India vanotaura mumazana emitauro, uye Hindi harisi kunyange vakawanda vavo. Akava "mukuru" se Hindi - a kunotenga remutauro kuti vaiziva chikuru chikamu vemo.

Imwe hunhu chete rudzi Indian Bollywood firimu mimhanzi eclectic. Kubva pakutanga chaipo, mimhanzi yaunonyanya kusikirwa mafirimu, vaisanganisira zvitaera siyana munyika.

The maitiro wechitatu - a "nyika" mafirimu kuIndia, izvo zvinogona kuroorwa vaMuslim vane vaHindu kana nevaKristu, uye vanhu vaibva kwakasiyana munzanga kuti vabudirire zvikuru muupenyu. Zvakakosha kuti vazhinji havaoni kuti Indian mafirimu aionekwa kuti chinokosha Indian firimu indasitiri kwazova kiyi remangwana rusununguko munyika kubva British.

kusenza

Kana mabhaisikopu muIndia rakanga richiri utungamiri British, hazvibviri kutaura nechekuita mukugarisana zvimwe misoro mumafirimu. Asi pashure nyika yawana rusununguko kubva kuBritain, kusenza yasvika kuridza mutsindo basa manyorero mafirimu.

Kuti bonde zvaisambobvumirwa uye chero egregious chaiko kuonana (kunyange kutsvodana). Nokudaro, "mutauro muviri" nezvounhu zvachose chakatsiva zvinhu razova vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo. Vakabvumira chete chiedza ikabatwa pamapfudzi pakati maviri kudanana magamba uye chengetedzo vanhu pedyo nepedyo isingatsiki. Kurukurirano zvinoratidzawo kuti muripo zvokurwadza dzezvepabonde. Vanoiona chete vanofanira vajaire nokunzwisisa kwavo.

Genres

Nhoroondo Indian mabhaisikopo (zvinonakidza zvinhu nezvazvo dzinoturwa pazasi) inoratidza kuti kusenza zvakonzerawo pakusika akawanda Genres okune Bollywood. Kwemakore akawanda, apo paiva hondo pakati India uye Pakistan, mumabhaisikopo vairambidzwa kutaura nayo. Vavengi haagoni kunzi nemazita avo.

A rakakura kukanganisa firimu indasitiri kubatsira Hurumende yenyika; zvinofungidzirwa kuti veruzhinji vanofanira kuratidza chete kuti zvichachinja ayo maonero enyika uye magariro. Uyezve, kunyange mitemo wokurera, iyo aiti kuratidzwa hunhu vatambi mumafirimu anofanira chete kushandiswa weclassical pamusoro North India.

The ruvengo pakati hurumende uye firimu indasitiri mberi kusvikira 1998, asati kuitwa chirevo pamusoro yakazvimirira kuvandudzika indasitiri.

mumhanzi

Music - zvanzi vaoni vakawanda rinonzi zvaraireva hunhu Bollywood mafirimu. Uye ichi Ichokwadi! Musical Director (sezvo anotaurwa Indian firimu Vanyori) kuti chaizvoizvo kufunga kudiwa nziyo mafirimu, kwete achibvumirana nheyo, ivo kuvabata sezvo nyore uye undisputed utongi.

Music - chete chikamu firimu, uyewo zvokupfeka. Pazvese, ivo nziyo ari creators havatsvaki kusimudzira zvisikwa zvavo. Dzinovavarira kukudziridza unyanzvi mharidzo nyaya yacho vateereri.

Home chokwadi: vatambi vari firimu regai vachiimba, uye zvakafanana vatambi vari kuimba nenzwi anoverengeka vatambi. Kunyange zvakadaro, India runoonekwa kuti miviri zvinofadza kuti kutarisa uye kuteerera yakanakisisa mutambi muimbi waunofarira.

Yakaomesesa nokuda creators ari firimu akapfurwa mumhanzi Chiitiko. Mumwe mukuru aiedza nenzira dzakasiyana kuti firimu Nziyo kubva firimu. Zvakava akakurumbira zvokuti kunyange nhasi 80% vose Indian mafirimu vari akapfura pamusoro "playback uye mumhanzi nepfuma."

Interesting zvinhu kubva munhoroondo Indian sinema

The firimu Indasitiri kuIndia - rakasiyana nemamwe indasitiri. Naizvozvo, pane zvimwe zvinhu zvitsva kwatiri. Ngatimboongororai kwavari:

1. Purogiramu Premier. Vazhinji dzakakurumbira mafirimu kuratidzwa pamusoro zvimwe zvinodiwa. Somuenzaniso, mashoko blockbusters guru "rakabudiswa" chete panguva pakupemberera guru mukukudza kuguma Ramadan, uye munguva kure-mwaka cricket mabhaisikopo se "wadzima."

2. "Zvakangotanga anoburuka kuti mhuri." Cinema India nokuti nhoroondo yacho, kusvika chikuru chinangwa - kuisa mhuri yokutanga muupenyu munhu wose. Firimu Indasitiri kuWest kuti "kuzvikudza" asingagoni.

3. Indian "Oscar". Bollywood ine yayo shanduro mubairo - nayo Filmfar Evords, usina chokuita kutongoravira vateereri. Zvinotokosha zvikuru - at mhemberero aendesa mubayiro nokuda "Best Game".

4. "nerokuti mabhaisikopu". Fans Vakawanda Indian mafirimu hazvisi kunyange kuziva kuti India haana chete akabvisa mufananidzo kuimba nokutamba. Vamwe firimu, rinozivikanwa "dzakafanana firimu," basa filming "chakakomba cinema." Somuenzaniso, muna 1998 akauya firimu "Dil Se", apo protagonist anotaura pamusoro political akaoma ezvinhu munyika.

mhedziso

Cinema India (mapikicha nezvakanakisisa zvinoitika pamusoro apa) wava chinokosha hwedu hwezuva nezuva, kana firimu kana mufananidzo remunharaunda pamusoro Bollywood. It inoita basa rinokosha munzanga yedu. Pasinei chokwadi chokuti "zvemafaro" ndiro shoko kiyi Indian mabhaisikopo, nyaya ine kwaibatsira mupfungwa uye hana vateereri.

Munhau Indian mafirimu mberi kubva nani makamera kuti fora unyanzvi. Kufambira mberi muruzivo rwokugadzira akawedzera okugadzira zvinhu kuti firimu. Zvisinei, kufambira mberi haana kukwanisa kupfuura tsika tsika India. Uye zvakanaka!