Daniel Defoe: pepfupikiso "Robinson Crusoe" nokuti muverengi kuti dhayari

Daniel Defoe nganonyorwa Robinson Crusoe kuziva zvose. Kunyange vaya vasina kuriverenga, rangarira nyaya wechikepe wechiduku uyo anowana pakachitsuwa isingagari pashure chikepe. Akagara kwemakore maviri namasere.

Munhu wose anoziva munyori uyu Daniel Defoe. "Robinson Crusoe", pfupiso inoita kamwe musimbise shasha kwayo zvakare - ndiro basa rake dzakakurumbira.

Anopfuura mazana maviri nemakore, vanhu Vapa ari yokufungidzira. A yakawanda parodies pamusoro payo uye mberi. Nezvoupfumi vari kuvaka pamusoro ichi yokufungidzira muenzaniso kuvapo kwevanhu. Chii kukurumbira bhuku rino? Nyaya Robinson kuchakubatsira kuwana mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu.

Pfupiso ye "Robinson Crusoe" nokuti muverengi kuti dhayari

Robinson aiva mwanakomana vabereki rechitatu, haisi akagadzirira chero basa. Akanga agara akarota pamusoro gungwa uye kufamba. Mukoma wake akarwa vokuSpain uye akafa. mukoma Middle akaenda chinoshayikwa. Naizvozvo, vabereki havadi kurega mwanakomana muduku mugungwa.

Baba ndichichema akakumbira Robinson chete achizvininipisa dziripo. Asi zvikumbiro izvi chete kwenguva akakumbira mukomana ane makore 18 okuberekwa. Mwanakomana azvitsvakire rutsigiro nokuda mai, asi pfungwa iyi haisi kubudirira. Chimwe gore anoedza kutora nguva kure nevabereki vavo, nepo September 1651 kwete kushambira muLondon, nokuda rusununguko kufamba (mukuru aiva baba shamwari yake).

Sea adventures cheRobinson

Pazuva rokutanga pagungwa dutu payakatanga, Robinson akareurura mumwoyo make nokuda kwokusateerera. Asi mamiriro uku akaparadza kunwa. A vhiki akaita yakadzikiswa zvikuru dutu. Ngarava vakanyura uye vafambisi vakanonga chikepe kubva mudziyo pedyo. On pamhenderekedzo Robinson anoda kudzokera vabereki vake, asi "munyama" anoramba naye nzira yake asarudza. Pfupiso ye "Robinson Crusoe" nokuti muverengi kuti dhayari inoratidza sei upenyu zvakaoma aiva Robinson.

In London, gamba akasangana mukuru chikepe, kuenda Guinea, uye ari kuenda kuenda nayo, wafa mumwe mukuru. Robinson nokukurumidza anoda akanga kuva wechikepe, saka akadzidza kuva kuzvikepe. Asi vamwe ruzivo iye anogamuchira: Captain nomufaro iri kuroorana pamwe Robinson, kuedza rasai nguva. Kana chikepe vakadzokera kuEngland, mukuru afa, Robinson pachako akayangarara muGuinea. rwendo Izvi kundikana: chikepe yavo Pirates vabate Turkish, uye gamba yedu tinoshandurirwa Turkish mukuru muranda. Izvi zvinoita Robinson kuita zvose epamba, uye gungwa haatori. Muchikamu ichi yokufungidzira "The Adventures pamusoro Robinson Crusoe", pfupiso inotsanangura upenyu yose protagonist, kuratidza kutsunga uye kutungamirira vanhu.

Muridzi akatuma hove nhapwa, uye rimwe zuva apo vari kure kwazvo kubva kumahombekombe, Robinson kupera Xury mukomana kupukunyuka. By ichi akagadzira pachine, saka chikepe chakange mabhisikiti uye mvura yakachena, nematurusi uye nezvombo. Mumugwagwa vatizi kuwana mhuka dzavo, zvemo rugare kuvapa mvura uye chikafu. Gare gare, iye otora chikepe chavo kubva Portugal. Captain Robinson anopikira akasununguka donhwe kure kuBrazil. Iye anotenga chikepe chavo uye mukomana Xury, achivimbisa kudzokera mahara mune makore mashoma. With Robinson ichi anobvumirana. Pfupiso ye "Robinson Crusoe" kutsigira muverengi kuti dhayari anotaura upenyu gamba muBrazil.

Life kuBrazil

MuBrazil, Robinson akagamuchira kwavo vagari, kushanda dzavo yecocoa fodya uye shuga shamhu. Vavakidzani vari yecocoa kumubatsira. Yecocoa zvinodiwa kushanda nemaoko, uye varanda vari kunodhura. Pashure pokuteerera nyaya Robinson pamusoro yenzendo kuGuinea, vasimi vakasarudza kuunza varanda Brazil pachivande nengarava mugovane pakati pachavo. Robinson zano kuti ngarava yaiva mabharani, basa kutenga Negroes muGuinea. "The Adventures pamusoro Robinson Crusoe", pfupiso basa iri chinotanga mberi kusangwarira protagonist.

Iye anobvumirana uye maseiri kuBrazil September 1, a1659, makore 8 pashure achinyora kubva vabereki musha. On nevhiki zvakaoma nechikepe chikepe dutu rechipiri yakatanga nokudzungudza. Iye anofambisa kukandirwa, uye igwa rikarira raiswa mumaoko wematambudziko. mugodhi Large anoshandura chikepe uye inoshamisa vakaponeswa Robinson zvichiita kuti dziome nyika. Pfupiso ye "Robinson Crusoe" nokuti muverengi kuti dhayari zvimwe hurukuro pamusoro imba itsva Robinson.

ruponeso Kunoshamisa - chitsuwa pasingagarwi

Akaponesa mumwe uye vachichema shamwari vafa. Robinson usiku wokutanga akarara pamuti, kutya zvikara. Pazuva rechipiri, gamba akatora chikepe (inoiswa pedyo nemhenderekedzo) zvizhinji anobatsira zvinhu - pfuti, zvipikiri, sikurudhiraivha, chewaini, nezvifukidzo. Pamahombekombe ndokudzika matende, iye anotakura nezvokudya zvake, gunpowder uye anoita mubhedha wake. In yose, ari muchikepe ka12, uye nguva dzose sanangurai chinhu chinokosha - anokurukura, mabhisikiti, rum at, furawa. Yekupedzisira nguva akaona murwi goridhe uye ndakafunga kuti muna sezvayakanga, havana kukosha, asi ichiri akavatora naye. The nganonyorwa "The Life uye Adventures pamusoro Robinson Crusoe", pfupiso ramangwana chikamu chacho rinotaura nezveramangwana upenyu pachitsuwa.

Usiku ihwohwo, dutu haana kusiya ngarava. zvino Robinson ichawanikwa kuvakwa vakachengeteka dzimba yakatarisana gungwa, dzataigona kumirira kununurwa.

Pachikomo anowana sandara wemarudzi uye Unokanganisa tende kudzivirira kubva fenzi hunde dzacho nemhepo muvhu. Pinda imba ino inogona kuva pamanera. Padombo akadambura mubako uye akarishandisa sezvo pakavanda. Ose basa akamutora kwenguva refu. Asi iye angotanga ruzivo. Daniel Defo "Robinson Crusoe", pepfupikiso itsva zvimwe hurukuro pamusoro kwadzakabva cheRobinson upenyu hutsva.

Kujairana upenyu hutsva

Zvino pamberi pake paiva dambudziko - yokupukunyuka. Asi Robinson akanga oga, vakashora nyika, asingazivi ezvinhu ake - gungwa, mvura, dzomusango yakanyarara chitsuwa. Kuti aite izvi achafanira kudzidza zvakawanda ounyanzvi hwokugadzira uye kushamwaridzana zvakatipoteredza. Iye anoona zvose uye kudzidza. Akadzidza kuti domesticate mbudzi, zvichiita chizi. Uyezve Livestock Robinson aidaro kurima, uko dzakabuda zviyo bhari uye mupunga, yaakanga ndokudururira kubva homwe. Gamba wakasima munda mukuru. Next Robinson akasika karenda muchimiro shongwe huru aisa notch hwaakange ose zuva.

Musi wokutanga pambiru - September 30, a1659. Kubva panguva iyi, zuva rimwe nerimwe zvinonzi kufungwa, uye muverengi anodzidza zvizhinji. Panguva yake kusavapo muEngland Robinson akanga amutsa umambo, uye Robinson akadzokera "Revolution zvinokudzwa" kubva 1688, izvo zvakazoita kuti chigaro Vilgelma Oranskogo.

Diary pamusoro Robinson Crusoe, pfupiso: kuenderera nyaya

Pakati kwete chaizvo kubatsira zvinhu Robinson anhonga chikepe, vaiva ingi, bepa, vatatu Bhaibheri materesikopu. Apo upenyu hwake akanga akasimuka (naye vaiva vatatu katsi nembwa kubva muchikepe, uye ipapo paivawo chihwenga) iye akatanga Blog wokumborerutsa mweya. Mune dhayari cheRobinson inorondedzera zvinhu zvavo zvose, zvaanorumbidza zvirimwa uye mamiriro ekunze.

Earthquake kumanikidza Robinson kufunga pokugara idzva, sezvo pasi mugomo kuva nengozi. To chitsuwa nechikepe vakasara chikepe pashure mutsaona, uye Robinson iri zvokushandisa uye zvinhu zvokuvaka. Netsoka dzake nenzvimbo dzokurasira nefivha, uye anoverenga Bhaibheri, uye kubatwa, sezvaungagona. Zvinobatsira kuti kuwanazve rum at, akandipa pamwe fodya.

Apo Robinson akapora, iye Akaongorora chitsuwa, kwaaigara inenge gumi mwedzi. Pakati isingazivikanwi miti Robinson awana vise uye mazambiringa, uye kubva neyokupedzisira ipapo achiita akaomeswa. Chitsuwa anewo zvakawanda zvipenyu makava, tsuro, nenjiva uye PENGUIN. Robinson anoona pachake inyanzvi nerunako izvi, nokuda vanhu pano hapana munhu anogara. Anoisa tende, kunosimbisa izvozvo uye kurarama ikoko, sezvo munyika.

Robinson kushanda kwemakore maviri kana matatu pasina kuswatura musana wake. izvi zvose iye akanyora dhayari yake. Naizvozvo akanyora rimwe mazuva ake. Muchidimbu, zuva kwaisanganisira nezvokuti Robinson kuverenga Bhaibheri, inovhimwa, ipapo arongwe, akaomeswa uye vakagadzirira abate mhuka.

Robinson akatarisira zvirimwa, goho, kutarisira zvipfuwo, akaita kuti bindu Ezvemutauro. mabasa ose aya akatora nguva yakawanda nesimba. With murefu, akadzinga kumugumo zvose. Kunyange kubikwa chingwa pasina sechoto, munyu uye mbiriso.

Kuvakwa chikepe uye kufamba negungwa

Robinson haana kurega kurota pamusoro chikepe uye kuenda kune yakaoma. Iye chete vachida kubva pakutapwa. Robinson anounza pasi pemuti uye carves akabuda mugwa yake duku. Asi mvura haina vanokwanisa kurudzosa (sezvo zvakanga kure musango). Akashivirira kushivirira kukundikana.

Robinson anopedza yokufaranuka wenguvo update: anoisa une makushe (bhachi uye unokutakwairirai), ngowani uye amburera kugadzira. Makore mashanu akazotevera, Robinson anovaka igwa uye racho rose ringakweva wake mumvura. Kamwe kubva mugungwa, iye vakatenderera vakakomberedza chitsuwa. Panguva runotsigira chikepe vari megungwa, uye Robinson aiva nguva zvakaoma kudzoka chacho. Rinotsanangura Defoe Adventures cheRobinson Crusoe. Pfupiso yebhuku iri yokufungidzira kunoratidza kusurukirwa gamba uye tariro yake yoruponeso.

Pakatsikwa netsoka mujecha tyisa

Vachitya kuti refu anobva Robinson muna more.On kugona zvehari, vakaruka matengu uye vanoumba runhare nguva. Pachitsuwa yakawanda fodya. On imwe famba munhu anoona mujecha tsoka. Ndiye akatya kwazvo, anodzoka kumba uye kwemazuva matatu haridzimi, achifunga mumwe munhu zvikasawanirwa. The gamba anotya kuti ichi aigona kuva savages kubva yakaoma. Robinson anofunga kuti vanogona hunokanganisa chirimwa, yokubudisa zvipfuwo, uye vakawanda vanodya. Paanouya kubva "nhare" zvinobatsira yakakomberedzwa itsva ndeembudzi. Murume zvakare anowana kungoda vanhu uye vakasara nomutambo cannibals. Vaeni vacho vaiva shure pachitsuwa. Makore maviri Robinson kunogara pamusoro rumwe rutivi chitsuwa pamba. Asi zvino, upenyu achidzokera yakanyarara gwara. On ichi uye achakuudza mune chinotevera chikamu nyaya pfupiso ( "Robinson Crusoe"). Daniel Defoe akatsanangura mabasa gamba iri zvidiki.

Ruponeso Chishanu - the tyisa kubva pedyo nenyika

Humwe usiku mumwe murume akanzwa pena kubva pfuti - chikepe anonongedzera. All usiku Robinson somurazvo womoto, uye mangwanani akaona chikepe ungwandangwanda. Of kusuruvara uye kusurukirwa, anonyengetera munhu kubva chikwata vakapukunyuka, asi pamhenderekedzo muviri chete kabhini mukomana. On muchikepe, hapana vapenyu vanhu. Robinson achiri kuda kuenda yakaoma uye kubatsira anoda kutora zvimwe youtsinye. makore rimwe nehafu, unouya pamwe urongwa, asi Robinson tyisa cannibals. Kamwe anokwanisa kusangana tyisa, uyo achaponesa. Anova shamwari yake.

Robinson upenyu anova hunakidze. Anodzidzisa Chishanu (saka ainzi akanunura tyisa) ndiyo muto uye muchapfekei. Chishanu aiva shamwari yakanaka uye akavimbika. Izvi zviri mune yokufungidzira "The Adventures pamusoro Robinson Crusoe", verenga pfupiso zvinogona kuva imwe mweya.

Ruponeso pakutapwa uye adzokera England

Nokukurumidza nechikepe pachitsuwa vaeni. vapanduki Team anounza Chirungu chikepe mukuru, mudzimai, uye mutakurwi mhirizhonga. Robinson Unotsigira mukuru uye shamwari dzake, uye ivo anokunyaradza kumukira. The chete chido kuti inzwi Captain Robinson - iri Shipping kuna Chishanu muEngland. Robinson akagara pachitsuwa kwemakore 28 uye vakadzokera kuEngland musi June 11 muna 1686. Vabereki vake vakanga vagara akafa, asi mupenyu, aiva chirikadzi mukuru wokutanga. Paanoziva kuti rabha ake akarikunda mukuru kubva Treasury, asi anodzoka zveminda zvose. Murume anobatsira vazukuru vake vaviri, achigadzirira kuti vengarava. Muna '61 Robinson akawana uye ane vana vatatu. Saka anopedzisa nyaya iyi zvinoshamisa.