Deviant maitiro: mienzaniso. Deviant maitiro kuyaruka: zvinokonzera, nezvimiro, dziviriro

Munyika yanhasi, dambudziko kuipa maitiro kunonyanya chakasimba. Economic kusaruramisira, hombe pose, kuwana mashoko, kukura hweruzhinji uyewo kuwadzana nevamwe kakawanda kukonzera nenjodzi dziri kuyaruka. Majaya anopandukira kusaruramisira, makasimbiswa kana zvavakatemwa ne tsika dzakanaka. Kazhinji ratidziro iyi ichichinja kuita zvikuru ngozi siyana dzinokanganisa kwete chete kune wechiduku "kuipandukira", asiwo yose muvanhu.

Zvarakasiya kubva dzemunharaunda yokuzvibata

Beyond mwero kare delineated nevanhu mukufamba kwaro kukura. Deviant maitiro, mienzaniso izvo zvinogona kuonekwa sectors vose munzanga - ndiko yakatsauka kubva akagamuchira dzemunharaunda, tsika, mitemo uye tsika. Hazvina kujairika, hazvina kupembedza netarisiro zvenyika, kana boka revanhu. Zviri pachena kuti pane zvachose akakodzera vanhu: Kazhinji nhengo dzayo kuti kunze kune mutemo, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda kuti canons havaiti mabasa. Asi ichi kuita hakusi zvechisimba kana kuparadza ruvara, asi, ngaagute zvezvidzidzo namano, usimbe, makaro, uye mamwe maitiro ari munhu. Kana munhu akadaro uye anokuvadza pachavo uye vamwe, zviri zvishoma, nyore amendable.

It ndeimwewo - a kuipa maitiro. Mienzaniso Life inoratidza kuti ine zvikuru inokanganisa kwete chete pane pfungwa uye kwomuviri pamusoro munhu, asiwo socialization ake. Uye chii chinonyanya kurwadza, mumwe munhu vangatambura pairi. Deviant maitiro chayo ndechei:

• zvinangwa zvoudyire. Zviito vane chinangwa - kuti zvinhu zvinobatsira: kuba, kupamba, zvokufungidzira, kuba, kubiridzira.
• Hasha kuratidzwa. Ichi Varwisei munhu: pabonde, panyama uye tsika mhirizhonga.
• Social uye pusa mafungiro. Kudzivisa hupenyu huzere munyika, nokushaiwa kufarira zviri kuitika: vagrancy, kudhakwa, kuzviuraya.

Maitiro abnormalities zvinogona Classified pamusoro zvinoverengeka, zvichienderana muchimiro kutyora (nokuzvibata, tsika, mutemo); kurudziro (udyire, hasha, vasina tariro); Artist (munhu, boka revanhu, sangano).

Dzakasiyana-siyana kuipa maitiro

Sabhoteji inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata makuru maviri zvirwere. Mumwe nomumwe wavo unopfuura zvakasiyana, sezvo hwaro kumira akasiyana zvachose kumushora chikurudziro zvinhu:

1. Mental nyonganyonga, kureva, kuvapo kuyaruka vachiberekwa kana vawana zvokurwara. Dambudziko kuipa maitiro anowanzodanwa kuonekwa vanhu vane schizophrenia, asthenia, imbecility, retardation pfungwa nezvimwe kusagadzikana chavanoziva. boka iri zvingasanganisirawo vanhu vanenge accentuated hunhu apo vamwe zvarakasiya mumuitiro vachiri inowanzotorwa siyana, asi panenge inoganhurana zvokurwara. Vanhu vakadaro kunogona kuisa chaicho nechirwere, asi kazhinji havasi achindireverera inodiwa kurapwa, nekuti vanogona kurarama hupenyu huzere, kwete kuwana Mumagazini psyche yavo.

2. Anti-mumagariro maitiro. Vanhu vari kuita kunaka nezviito zvachose pfungwa utano. Bongozozo, akaita nazvo, ane yakawanda yakasiyana zvikonzero: kubva "chete hapana kuita," uye oedza kutsausa Nheyo dzose vanhu husisina kumira nemhaka inequitable kuparadzirwa upfumi mairi. Kana kudarika zvakaitwa nevanhu ava, regai kuuya kukuvadza zvikuru kuti nyika yakavapoteredza, kuti kuipa maitiro kutsiurwa kunoitika achishandisa mutongo maererano dzemunharaunda okushanda uye mutemo wehurumende. Mapurisa kazhinji ushandiswe Vanotyora mutemo kwokururamisa basa kana wakanaka yaitarirwa pavo; panguva Enterprise, sangano kana hofisi saka vanhu vanotarisana pakutsiurwa, nechirango chiito kana kudzingwa. Kana mhosva iri mhosva, zvadaro mutadzi kushandisa inoomesera mirango, zvakadai nokusungwa kana kusungwa kuti mumwe kana vamwe mitsetse.

Pasinei kutanga pfungwa kuipa maitiro, izvozvo chero nenzira zvakakodzera kudzivirira, uye kuti munhu akaita mhosva, shandisa chokudzivirira, hunorapa uye kuri matanho.

accentuation

On unofanira kutaura zvose, nekuti izvi hazvisati zvave inonyanyoshandiswa kuchengetwa pakati yevana vari yezwi akura. Accentuation, sezvo kare kutaurwa - iri zvishomanana yakatsauka kubva ndozvakajairwa yokuzvibata. Muchiitiko chino, kuyaruka akazivisa imwe unhu unhu, kazhinji kunaka, rinova dambudziko pakukurukura nevamwe. Somuenzaniso, anogona pachena unhu vadzidzisi uye vabereki, kusiya basa rechikoro, vakuru vanofuratira zvikumbiro rubatsiro uye zvichingodaro. Zvikonzero izvi zvingava zvakawanda: chirongwa kunzwisisa chikoro, matambudziko kuchinja zera, simba pakuyaruka. Kana isu ngaawedzere pazviri kwokunetseka pachedu hunhu, kana ruzivo kunetseka nokuda matambudziko mumhuri, tinowana vanhu vakawanda ichi kuipa akagadzirira kutsiva zvose uye sundry.

Zvinoitika kuti kutsutsumwa mwana haisi yezviri uye pusa chimiro. Izvi zvounhu rudaviro inonzi mwoyo, uye wake yakanyatsovanzwa yevana kubva vakura. Zvinogona kuva nokuda zvekufungidzira chaiko zvaunokanganisa kuti vana vakaponeswa pachavo vari kuyaruka. Somunhu kuyaruka kunogona anonzi locus rokudzora, kana kutarisira kutarisira inokosha kana zviitiko. Izvi zvakare kuipa maitiro. Mienzaniso anganzi zvinotevera: kunzwa mhosva pashure pokurasikirwa nomudiwa, rufu chipfuwo kana kurwara shamwari yepamwoyo.

The zvinokonzera kuipa maitiro

Part vavo isu kare ainzi. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dziri nhatu huru anyatsoona nayo pachena kuyaruka maitiro mhiri rakachenuruka;

1. Social kusaruramisira. Fani iyi kusangana mwana achiri kuchikoro chepuraimari: navo vakapfeka nani pane zvaakaita, vane zvakawanda muhomwe mari uye zvichingodaro. Minor anonzwa murombo, uschemlonnym. Haagoni zvakazara kuva nezvaanogona dzavo uye matarenda nokuda kwokushayiwa zvinhu. Kunyange kuzvidzora actualization dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kana pasina mari iripo, iyo unogona kutenga mabhuku, atlases, maenisaikoropidhiya. Mumwe wechiduku akashatirirwa yose, asi pakutanga - pamusoro vabereki. Kunyange kana vari kuedza nepavanogona napo, kuipa haanzwisisi kuti haasi nguva dzose zvido romunhu uwirirane nezvaanogona ayo.
2. Moral uye netsika chinhu. Anoratidzwa yakaderera kukura mumudzimu munzanga, havafariri kuti sayenzi uye unyanzvi. A mwana kuona kuderera kwetsika pakati vanhu: vazhinji vavo Somuenzaniso, anonzi zvake chiitiko zvokutengeserana muviri uye basa, vakawanda doro uye upfambi.
3. Environment, nzanga. Vamiririri yokupedzisira haina chete kusateerera deviants, asi kazhinji kunyange zvakanaka ivo vabatwe. Mazuvano ivo kuzvidemba, vachipomera yose dzidzo uye vanogara mhuri dzinoparadzana, uye kukanganwa kuti unhu achiumbwa pakutanga haisi vabereki, asi munhu pachake. Kune vanhu vazhinji akakurira ezvinhu outsinye, asi vakakwanisa kumutsa womukati simba nechido uye kushinga, saka yakasvika zvimwe miti muupenyu uye kuva chakaipa munzanga.

Zvinoitwa kuipa maitiro Kunoonekwa nokuva vasina simba zvaari kuyaruka kana avo vari "hope" mamiriro. Pane kuzvida vakasarudza vakareruka, asi mugwagwa mumwe ngozi, izvo zvinovapa yokukanganwa unonyengera muchimiro doro kana zvinodhaka kana zvekufungidzira zvinotaura, izvo kunooneka pacharo muchimiro mhirizhonga.

typology

Nemaitiro kuti vari dzisingapindirani chakaipa mararamiro, uye pachena American nyanzvi Robert King Merton, anozivikanwa nokuda zvidzidzo yake dambudziko. typology yake inobva pfungwa ndezvimwe zvokutsauka sezvo musiyano uri pakati airemekedzwa tsika uye nzira yekuwana kwavari:

1. Innovation. Vanhu vanotora chinangwa munzanga, kunzwisisa kwavo, asi ivo vanoramba kuipa nzira yekuwana (pfambi, creators pamusoro mapiramidhi zvemari, blackmailers, nyanzvi kwazvo).
2. Tsika. Zvinangwa Society vari kuteerera, uye nzira kuzadzisa anotora penga. Somuenzaniso, ari bureaucrat, rinoda hwakadzama achizadza mazana magwaro amboita. Panguva iyoyowo akanganwa chikuru chinhu: zvakataurwa mapepa akanga vakasaina.
3. Retritizm - kutiza chokwadi. The nomumwe zvinangwa uye achiramba ose nzira kuzadzisa (vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, misha).
4. Bunt. Kuramba tsika, chido remake kwavari, yokutsiva yakagozha uye mberi (echimurenga).

Maitiro ose Merton anotiratidza kuti haisi nguva dzose zvakaipa kutsauka. Handiti, hapana chakaipa, ari kungoedza kusika zvinhu nani upenyu mune echimurenga zviito. Maererano musayendisiti guru, saka riri kuonekwa, nekusiyana, airemekedzwa uye airemekedzwa munhu zvidiki oddities kana eccentricities.

Kudhakwa uye kushandisa zvinodhaka

Izvi mhando mbiri kuipa maitiro pakati kuyaruka aya anonyanya kupfuura vamwe. Alcoholism - kunyanya kunwa doro nokuda yevana, izvo zvinokanganisa utano hwavo mumuviri nomupfungwa, pathological muropa kunokonzera kuyanzva. Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda: kuvabereki kubatwa, vachiberekwa chirwere, mumwe unhu, kwakaoma zvakatipoteredza, kuda kuziva. Mienzaniso maitiro Deviant izvo vanoratidza kunwa doro Students zvava nokuda yakaderera padanho kukura, kushayikwa kushanda ari seboka, kuchengeteka. Dzokubvisa mwana kubva ngozi wekambani uye nokukurumidza kumuponesa kubva nemigumisiro doro, zvakafanira kuwana wacho inonakidza ruzivo, uyewo shamwari kuipa kuti tiratidze muenzaniso okuzvitutumadza nedzimwe nzira. The Society rave kukwira matanho epamutemo kuti kudzivisa nomoto vechiduku: kurambidzwa kutengeswa doro Vakadzi vaduku nemakore 18, mumwe vabereki yakanaka nechitarisiko mwanakomana wavo kana mwanasikana vari akadhakwa ezvinhu. Uyezve, accustoming vana kushandisa doro imhosva kuti Chirango pasi administrative uye mhosva mutemo.

Muropa - mumwe kubva chakaipa nazvo. Rinoreva hurongwa kushandiswa doro hana zvinhu kuti kukonzera zvakadzama uye kusingarapiki kwazvinoita pfungwa uye mumuviri mabasa. Teen anova zvaanoda pamahwendefa, Nezvakakuyiwa uye majekiseni nokuda hanya pamusoro chikamu kwenzanga. Kazhinji tichibatsirwa zvinodhaka yevana ataure pachavo kana kugutsa kuda kuziva. Muropa kazhinji rinokurudzira mwana kutora mutadzi nzira, kuti zvisiri pamutemo kuwana mari kutenga potions. Vana vari muusungwa dzakadaro, vanofanira kubatwa specialized masangano. Asiye pachako kuti zvinodhaka kazhinji hazviiti.

Chipfambi uye ungochani

Deviant maitiro, mienzaniso inoratidza vasikana kugovera mabasa kurara kuti muripo kana pasina zviri zvakare Kazhinji. Chikonzero chikuru - chido kuti mari, kuvandudza mamiriro ezvemari yavo, kana vabereki havagoni kupa zvose vachida zvinosiyana fashoni uye anosimudzirwa nhau, "upenyu yakanaka." Wedzera ichi pasi pamwero mutsika kwevechiduku uye ayo mumagariro ndezvimwewo, dambudziko mumhuri, uye yairwisana vakuru, nenzira kubhawa kuti mwana ave mhando yoruponeso, mukana yokupukunyuka zvinetso uye vicissitudes zvoupenyu. Kuderedza mwero woufeve yevana kushoma, Zvinokurudzirwa kutanga panorongwa chedzidzo pabonde, kuti equalize evanhu Misiyano, kuvandudza tsika kwevanhu.

Kana ungochani, ipapo kazhinji kacho chinhu vachiberekwa kubatwa. Kuwana kuti akanga asina kufanana nevamwe, kuti kuyaruka akaora mwoyo, anotanga kutora mune vakawanda zvinodhaka uye doro, nechirwere netsinga uye zvirwere zvepfungwa. muduku kwakadaro vanoda nyanzvi kutarisirwa nyanzvi. Kana ungochani rwakanga ruri mumatope okunamata nokuda kubiridzira kana duress, kuti Vanhu mhosva vanotarisana mujeri. Zviya, unzenza - zvakare kuipa maitiro. Mienzaniso Life inoratidza kuti vechidiki vari kutanga kufarira sadomasochism, boka vasawirirana nezvimwe sokurwarirwa zvinhu.

Suicide uye mhosva

Chinangwa kuzviuraya kana kuedza kutyisidzira vamwe nenzira iyi - kunyanya sezvo kuipa maitiro. Zvikuru ngozi zera vechiduku - makore 16-19: nenguva kazhinji unouya mwoyo muupenyu nokuti rudo vakundikana pakutanga, hazvibviri kuwana basa kana mberi nedzidzo yavo. Munzanga, makakatanwa ne vanhu uye mupfungwa tiri chido chakasimba kuzviuraya. Nokuti vanhu vane mafungiro kuzviuraya, ronga pfungwa rutsigiro nekugona helplines. Essential uye yokudzivisa basa: mwana dzidzo anofara tariro, uchiratidza muenzaniso kuti upenyu hwakanaka uye dema mitsetse, izvo zvinowanika zvinenge zvose kubatsira nayo chete siyana uye cake munuhwi.

Mhosva - mufananidzo Anti-evanhu maitiro, riri kunangana vagari, nzanga uye nzira youpenyu. Motivation mune vechiduku zvakasiyana: kubvira vanhuwo zvakaipa uye nekuguma kusina kumukodzera kurwisa. Kuitira kudzivirira kukura chizvarwa pasimba nemutadzi nyika, zvakakodzera kuti kuitisa zvidzidzo muzvikoro pamusoro akakodzera nyaya. Vabereki, nokuti avo, vanosungirwa kutsanangura kuti kutyora mutemo - zvakaipa, chikonzero kukuvadza kana kuti kukuvadza vamwe - nezvisingabvumwi kuipa maitiro chirango chero nzira.

batsira

Sei yokudzura kubva kuyaruka hazvina ushamwari rakadzikadzika umo vari yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka? Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu vanoti: Chokutanga, kuchabatsira chirongwa chinokosha mamiriro. Deviant maitiro evana zvechokwadi vanofanira kutora kuzvidzora, ndiwo basa unyanzvi. Uyewo mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nokuda kuzarurwa vapore nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana idzo ruzivo vanachiremba vasikwa aigona kurwira mukomana kubva muropa, kutungamirira simba avo zvibereko uye rinobatsira nzanga chiteshi.

Chechipiri, achava rinokosha rubatsiro dziri kushanda muguta rimwe nerimwe, National dziri uye remunharaunda mhuri mazano vanachiremba.

Chechitatu, kudzidza kwadzakabva kuyaruka mhoteredzo hakufaniri akarega kunyange zuva. Deviant maitiro vadzidzi kunoda kugara zvinhu, izvo zvinofanira kuitika zvizere pamwe chete Inspectorate yevana, vanachiremba, mapurisa, vamiririri kuitarisira. Kana zvakakodzera, vana ava vanofanira kusiya mhuri, kana chikonzero kutsaudzira chaizvo zvinoitwa nevabereki.

Kudzivirira kuipa maitiro

Kuti aite izvi, zvinotevera matanho kunge yakataurwa:

1. Kuitisa zvirongwa zvedzidzo uye zvokukura, mapoka muzvikoro. The hurukuro chinangwa kudzidzisa kuyaruka uye dzidzo dzavo inogona kuenderera ukozoro nezvinodhaka, doro, uye zvichingodaro. D.

2. Promotion yemitambo uye utano hwakanaka. Kurambidza fodya uye doro zvokushambadzira.

3. Organisation kunonakidza uye anodzidzisa zvinokuvaraidza zvevechiduku. Kushanda vana kuipa maitiro kunoda kukura ichi dandadzo Muchiitiko, izvo zvaizoita anoenderana nezvemaitiro ano uye nefashoni.

4. Kutarisira zvinhu zvakanaka kuva nevana.

Kudzivirira kuipa maitiro anofanira kufukidza zvikamu zvose vokuparidzira, pasinei munzanga yavo, chitendero, dzidzo pamwero uye zvimwewo. The huru basa - vagadze chivimbo ukama pakati kuyaruka uye vabereki vake. Chete ipapo tinogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti kana chero matambudziko mudzidzi kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva mai kana baba, asi kwete negakava shamwari.

Noushamwari mumhuri - vimbiso kuti haumbofi ukasangana kuipa unhu mwanakomana wako kana mwanasikana. Chenjerai kuti mune ramangwana vachange vasina matambudziko, unofanira kuva muduku zvikuru. Nyatsoteerera daze wako: kumupa rudo, musapika pamberi pake, achitaura mwana nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana, kugoverana manzwiro avo uye manzwiro, teererai mugari wenhaka, uye muteerere zvaanofunga. Kuva mwana kuti zvakanaka, akavimbika uye hwakavimbika shamwari.