Dzekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu Ukraine pashure kusaina chibvumirano ne EU. Chii kuripira, uye sei rwakabatana panopindwa kuUkraine kupinda EU?

Recently kuPoland nayo akasikwa nesangano rinonzi "Restitution miganhu", chinangwa iyo inonzi anomirira zvido Poles akadzingwa kubva vakagaramo Soviet Union muna 1939 mundima.

Maererano nemashoko akataurwa vamiririri vayo vari wokuUkraine mumatare achaparadzwa nyaya kumatare kuda kudzoka pfuma kana muripo nepfuma, yakanga kudzingwa nechisimba kunyimwa. Panyaya iyi, pane kudiwa kunzwisisa chii kuripira uye sei rwakabatana panopindwa kuUkraine kupinda EU.

Ndiani anokonzera "kudzorera pamiganhu"

Mashoko akanga achishingaira dzakatorwa nhau Russian. A zvenhau Poland akakundikana kusimbisa kuti muvambi wesangano iri ndipro-Kremlin bato "Change".

In Ukraine, nyaya kuripira anosimudza aimbova musoro Yanukovych ndechei, mukuru aifarira-Russian sangano "yechiUkraine kusarudza" Victor Medvedchuk. Muna 2015 iye akati Lublin akasimbisa sangano rinoedza kudzoka pfuma kuti vagari Poland, yavakanga vapiwa mune yaimbova mundima Polish, kana muripo.

Maererano Medvedchuk, kuti Association Agreement wakasika nomutemo hwaro kuripira - kudzoka chaiye pfuma vaimbova varidzi. Somuenzaniso, akataura makatodzinga Wii Artmane pakati kwakavakirwa pakati Riga, inoitwa pasina muripo. Submenu zvinhu uye kushandisa chaiwo bata unyanzvi gwara pave "chaiye" nengozi kuti unouya pamwe kubvuma Agreement.

Medvedchuk uye vamiririri munyika vanosimbirira kuti kudzorera rweUkraine pashure nokusaina EU kushamwaridzana chibvumirano achava zvose zviri pamutemo chikonzero. Chokwadi hachisi.

Ukraine + = kuripira of European Union?

The chibvumirano anosarudza chete dzinokosha pamwe iri pamutemo bhora. Uyezve, inopa mukana kuchinja ari Ukrainian mitemo nemitemo European.

Maererano Article 14, pamwe mumunda yokururamisira, kuchengeteka uye rusununguko vemapato vanofanira kupa kusimbisa kwemitemo uye nokusimbaradza nemasangano zvese hurumende - uye Vezvemitemo uye kumatare. Kudyidzana achatumirwa kusanganisira nokusimbaradza mudare ezvinhu, okuti unyatsoshandisa yavo, rusununguko uye kusasarura, uyewo pakurwisa uori. Pamwe mumunda yokururamisira, rusununguko uye kuchengeteka kunobva kuremekedzwa kwekodzero dzavanhu uyewo nerusununguko rwavo runokosha.

Tiri kutaura Maitiro uye masangano zvinoumba kudzivirirwa vagari, uye kudzorera rweUkraine pashure mukova haataurwi EU.

rusununguko kuwana

Maererano Article 471 ari Agreement, nyika mbiri inofanira kupa vagari dzavo uye makambani vasiri discriminatory kuwana edzimhosva uye okutarisira miviri kudzivirira zvavo pachavo uye kodzero.

Pane rinotaurwawo chete Maitiro chinhu vemo 'kuwana edzimhosva uye okutarisira miviri kubvisa rusarura navo, uye kudzorera rweUkraine mushure kusaina of EU haina inopiwa.

No kurambidzwa vatorwa

Freedom vanosarurwa kuti vagari Ukrainian dzimwe nyika haisi chinhu chitsva. Civil uye Commercial Procedure Code, Mutemo "On International Private Mutemo" kukwanisa vagari vatorwa uye makambani kudzivirira kodzero dzavo kumatare wokuUkraine haungoratidzwi. Uyezve, zvakaitwa vokuPoland Ukrainian chibvumirano pakati 1993 pamusoro pamutemo noukama uye kubatsirwa mhosva uye vehurumende nyaya, maererano izvo vagari nemakambani kunyika maviri anogona kushandisa kumatare mumwe.

Mhosva pamusoro Links kuti mitemo kudzivirira kodzero vakabudiswa munyika uye vazukuru vavo pamusoro pfuma mundima yacho Agreement vasina chisimbiso.

Kudzorera nyika nezvimwe pfuma muUkraine kunoda kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa chibvumirano pamwe EU mitemo, zvinhu, pane Maitiro mutemo. Tinoda kanenge Munongedzo vamwe chero zvibvumirano dzakawanda. Asi hapana izvozvo.

Naizvozvo, kureva chibvumirano on EU Association - Ukraine, "Restitution Borders" ari kurwisa pake.

Misa nokubudiswa munyika 1939-40

Chii kuripira, uye sei rwakabatana panopindwa kuUkraine kupinda EU, zvinogona kutsanangurwa nomuenzaniso enhoroondo chokwadi.

Muna 1936, hurumende yeSoviet chisarudzo pamusoro Resettlement ose Poles kubva kuUkraine Kazakhstan. Negore basa vaimbova ndima Polish muSiberia wokutanga Komi Republic uye Volga nharaunda vakasungwa hafu yemiriyoni vagari Polish nyika.

Mushure annexation, mavambo 1940, NKVD akanga asungwa uye vakauya kuna zvakasiyana zvinhu, kusanganisira mutadzi, 18,3 thous. People (2.8 zviuru. Ukrainians, 5.4 zviuru. Poles uye 1.4 zviuru. VaJudha) . Pakutanga 1940 yakatanga "kuchenesa nharaunda kubva mutorwa mumagariro zvinhu" - rakanga raitwa Chifera muchando 1940, 88,4 zviuru vanhu Polish nyika, uye muchirimo 1940 -. 29 zviuru vanhu ..

Nokuti 2 makore NKVD akaita 4 uremu kubudiswa kubva yakatora nenharaunda. In iri Kazakh SSR, Siberia, North uye kuFar East akatumirwa vose 335 zviuru vanhu, izvo vanenge 198 zviuru - .. Kubva dzatorwa.

kutorerwa pfuma

Pamwe chete pokutapwa rikaparadzirwa kunze:

• Expropriation kuti matunhu.
• The kutorerwa munyika Holdings muchifarira varombo vanhuwo zvavo. Mugore annexation okutanga ikavharwa mabhiriyoni 2.75 hectares - 1/3 dzose. Hafu yaiva akagovera vanhuwo zvavo, uye vamwe riri hwakatamisirwa mumapurazi uye ehurumende kumapurazi.
• Nationalization of mabhanga, dzokutengeserana Makambani uye indasitiri.

yakafara samambure zvikwereti nevatengi cooperatives, "kudzinga" vanhuwo zvavo dzakapfuma yakaguma.

Mumakore maviri basa pfuma kodzero yatyorwa Ukrainians, Poles, vaJudha uye vamiririri nevamwe vemarudzi.

Resettlement 1944-47 makore

Muna 1944, 9 September, pakati Ukrainian hurumende uye Polish Komiti National Liberation dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro kubvisa ose Poles kubva kuUkraine uye Ukrainians kubva kuPoland. The Chibvumirano waiti urongwa kunyika Resettlement nzvimbo.

Timeframe kubvisa yakaiswa pa 02/01/45 kusvika 15/10/44 uye okuita chimwezve kondirakiti. Kubvumidzwa kutora shoma zvimwe zvinhu uye zvokushandisa. Zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti atore tsika, kunze shoma mari. The vamwe pfuma rakarondedzerwa uye aripire "inishuwarenzi" ukoshi pakupera kwemahofisi maererano zvibvumirano. Mushure kuvakwa kubvisa ose 06/05/47, vari guru kwePoland akakodzera mabasa kunge vakasaina.

Naizvozvo, panyaya roruvanze, mumwe nomumwe nharo vanofanira kufunga sei uye kana kwemahofisi chaiitirwa dispossession Pole. Kana chokuzvidira kutama kutaura kuti tsika uye zvinhu zvakakanganisika, kureva. E., Restitution rweUkraine mushure kusaina of EU Association Agreement, kuva kusina pakwakavakirwa.

Ungangove, matare zvichida kuva kukwezva kare kudzidza zvakachengetedzwa rweUkraine, Poland uye Russia.

The okupedzisira shoko - mitemo yemunyika

Maererano chibvumirano pamusoro rubatsiro pamutemo, kwete mutemo Polish muchashandisa pakubata kukakavadzana akadaro, uye Ukrainian. Zvinodiwa zvinofanira pasi mumatare wokuUkraine.

The Civil Code rweUkraine akatanga ishande 01.01.04. Retroactive chaizvo nezvakaitika 1939-40, haana, sezvo mutoro kudzikamisa kukuvadza kana kwaisava nokuda kwokushayiwa mutemo akakodzera. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti yevagari rinoita kuripa kurasikirwa vakabudiswa munyika uye venhaka dzavo (izvo zvinoreva kudzorera rweUkraine) pashure kusaina kuti EU Association Agreement hakuna mamiriro.

neizvi vane

Reference kuti kodzero dzevanhu, izvo enshrined kudzivirira kwavo Convention, mugumisiro haapi - kuti kuzvipira kwake kuna Ukraine kutora kushanda chete kubva musi ayo accession muna 1997. Kodzero kutongwa nokuti rumhan'aro iri nyaya mushure kupinda rehondo Convention Zvisinei, kutyorwa kodzero kuti kwakaitika pakutanga hondo yenyika yechipiri, ari kudzivirirwa ECHR haagoni kuva.

Izvi zvinoenderana zvizere pfungwa iri Article 28 of Vienna Convention on Mutemo Zvibvumirano, maererano izvo zvibvumirano zvakadaro havana retroactive. The ECtHR akatotora akaongorora kukakavadzana zvakafanana, kusanganisira kusarudza nezvezvinotaura pamusoro Czech Republic, Romania uye Greece. In yayo zvisarudzo Dare awana kutyorwa kuri Convention, asi waguta kutaura nyaya siyana ne nyika. Zvisarudzo aya wabatwa nyaya umo pfuma kodzero yatyorwa pahwaro mitemo ano dzenyika idzi. Nokuti State rweUkraine, tsika iyi hairevi.

Zvakaitika Latvia raMwari

Resolution dzekuvandudzwa uye nokurongeka kwayo anotsanangurwa pachiyero dzakananga mitemo ezvinhu. Miyenzaniso mitemo Latvia pamusoro kudzoka uye denationalization pfuma, iyo akadzorera zvarinoroora chaiyo pfuma achitorwa mumakore 1940-80 neHurumende uye nevaya kushandisa mutemo nehanya uye kuzvidza kodzero varidzi.

Mitemo inopiwa inopikira vaigara dzimba dzakadaro, pakukoka Rental nguva uye kuisa kufadza huwandu rendi. Dare Court yakatsigira munyika kushaya basa nokuda nationalization pfuma akenda basa nezviremera.

Denationalization muna Lithuania

In Lithuania, nyaya iri nokudzorwa mutemo pamusoro dzekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu kodzero, dzakanga kwedzimwe mitemo Soviet Union. Achidzokera kodzero pamusoro imwe nzvimbo 150 hectares muruwa uye 0,4 hectares - mumaguta, misha uye pfuma makambani. The Chikumbiro nguva aihuitira gore ra2001.

Kudzorera muCzechoslovakia

Czechoslovak Parliament muna 1991 kushandisa mitemo extrajudicial vapore uye kudzokera expropriated uye nationalized pfuma. Kuripira rakaitirwa vagari Czechoslovak. Akanga akapawo mubhadharo kune vamhan'ari, kwete kungoomerera kudzoka chaiye pfuma, kana kana mutengo pfuma iyi yakawedzera yekudyidzana mushure ipa kuzvibvisa.

Polish version

Muna 2001, ivo Polish Sejm vakagamuchira murairo, izvo zvakapa kuti kudzoka pfuma uye kodzero kwachiri vagari chiPolish. Rakanga kwaakaita kuti kurambidza purezidhendi, izvo haana kubvumira kuti kupinda simba. Chisarudzo pamusoro kuripira kusawirirana zvakavharwa mubasa kumatare. Kudzoka pfuma, sezvinoita mutemo, akatakurwa ari muchimiro kuchengetedzeka nekodzero kutenga nyika kana kuti pamunenge muchizvivaraidza makambani.

Zvakaitika aimbova bloc kunyika mugovanisi chinoratidza kuti kudzorera rweUkraine pashure kusaina chibvumirano pamwe EU inodzorwa panguva mamiriro pamwero. Paramende ane kodzero kuzvida asarudze nzira yayo, nguva kuti pakunamata, mudenderedzwa vanhu uyo urongwa izvi muchashandisa. Chete chakaitwa muUkraine.

Ukrainian mutemo

Verkhovna Batsirai muna 1991 kushandisa mutemo pamusoro rokuchinjwa vanonetswa enyika udzvanyiriri, maererano iyo, kuti vapore unovanza nguva kubva 1917 kusvika pakutanga Zvakaitwa mutemo kuti vanhu vave vakaburitswa kubva kuUkraine. Vari nechisimba yakatamiswawo zvachose kana zvishoma kunyimwa kodzero uye rusununguko mukirasi, zvemagariro, National, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvechitendero zvikonzero.

Asi mutemo uyu haasi kushandiswawo vatorwa. Resolution of Government yokudzoka akanga inopiwa akarumurwa nezvivakwa uye mamwe pfuma kana muripo ukoshi hwayo, asi chete kuti vagari Ukraine. Igadzirise vatorwa mutemo haripi.

Yaitsigira divi kana bilateral kuripira?

In Ukraine, kwave kuedza kugadzirisa magazini ino pachiyero emurairo; muna 2005 basa rakaiswa pamusoro kudzorerwa kodzero achitsausa zvivako, izvo aronga kuti kudzoka zvinhu, kwete chete Ukrainians asiwo vatorwa. Murayiro pamusoro dzekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu Ukraine kushandisa ipapo haana - iri kwemamiriro hurumende iri kuziva mashandiro yokudzoka pfuma kumugariro varidzi (yaitsigira divi dzekuvandudzwa) kudzoka pfuma kune imwe pati (bilateral kuripira) haana inopiwa. Izvi zvinopesana zvokudya pamusoro Civil Code.

Muchidimbu, tinogona kutaura kuti panguva iyi dzekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu pfuma muUkraine haana pamutemo chikonzero. The yokupedzisira mhedziso zvinogoneka chete pashure kumbonyatsoongorora kuongorora mumwe nomumwe kutaura, uchapupu uye mashoko.

A zviremera vatorwa anofanira kungwarira dzemarudzi nheyo reciprocity, maererano izvo kudzorera rweUkraine EU kunogona kuva chiitiko kuti mharidzo kwakadaro pamusoro Poland.