Kazakh SSR uye nhoroondo yaro zvisikwa

Modern Kazakhstan ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose nokuda nharaunda pashure Russia uye kumwe zvoupfumi dzakabudirira of Kishi. pakarepo baba vake aiva Zimbabwe Soviet Union - the Kazakh SSR. Nhoroondo voruzhinji panguva imwe chete chokuita yedu zvakafanana Soviet kare uye mazuva ano zviri Kazakhstan. Ngatitarisei nawo prism makore apfuura.

prehistory

Asi kuti kusarudza chii pezvakaitwa chakaita kuti chidzoke voruzhinji akadai Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic of, tinofanira kudzokera mumwe emakore mashoma apfuura, kuti midzi statehood pakati Kazakhs.

Kwakabva Kazakh statehood rinoreva nguva pokuwa Golden Horde uye hurumende ichiisa kwakavakirwa matongo ayo ari Uzbek Khanate of Kazakh mhirizhonga. chiitiko ichi rakagara richidudzirwa ainyorwa 1465 gore, kana vasingagutsikane nokutonga Uzbek Khan Abulhair vatungamiriri Kerey uye Janibek vanotungamirirwa kwavo nomad mumisasa akarega ake ehurumende. Veko vaitevedzera navo, vakatanga kudana vega Kazakhs, iyo anoshandura kubva Turkish se "vakasununguka."

Zvisinei, itsva mamiriro chaiva kusagadzikana, uye zvachose centralized kumbova. Muna 1718, pasi kumanikidza akavhiringidza Jungars pakupedzisira vakarambana migove mitatu: Junior, Middle uye Senior Juz. Zvadaro akatanga ropa Nguva Kazakh-Jungar zvechiuto. Kazakhs kunze kubva mukuparadzwa zvachose akabatsira kugamuchirwa zvishoma nezvishoma chete muzana XVIII remakore Kazakh khans Russian citizenship. Pakutanga Khanate vaipiwa kuzvionera, asi panguva XIX remakore, zviri kuramba yakaguma, izvo zvakaita kuti mhirizhonga. Muna 1824, simba Khan rakanga pakupedzisira zvachose, uye Kazakh nyika yakava chikamu Russian Empire.

Kumaodzanyemba vemazuva Kazakhstan, kunyanya vane chepamusoro Horde, asi kurasikirwa rusununguko, akanga yakatora kubudikidza Russia muna Central nzendo Asian yechipiri yezana XIX remakore. Kazakhs Resettlement nzvimbo yakakamurwa pakati Turkestan uye West Siberian gavhuna-generalship, uye Orenburg province. Munguva iyi vakadaidzwa Kirghiz kaysakov kuti kuvhiringidzika pamwe Cossacks Russian.

Asi muna 1917 paiva pokuwa Russian Empire akatanga panguva Civil War, aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira zvichaitirwa Kazakhs uye vakaita mutsindo basa paumbwe Kazakh SSR.

nguva yokurwisana

Panguva Civil War, vezvematongerwo enyika uye nezvombo kutamburira dzakarwiwa pamusoro munharaunda Kazakhstan ano. Panguva ino, tiri akaumba National kuzvionera - kuchamhembe - Alash (Alash Orda) pamwe nechepakati muna Semipalatinsk, uye kumaodzanyemba - the Turkestan, neguta rayo guru muna Kokand. Vose pakusava wabviswa nokuda Bolsheviks panguva Civil War: wokutanga - muna 1920, uye yechipiri - muna 1918. Mundima dzavo dzisingadi ukuwo, Kirghiz zvionera Socialist Soviet Republic uye Turkestan Soviet Republic.

Kirghiz SSR

Panguva pahwakagadzwa, July 16, 1920 munharaunda Kyrgyz ASSR yaisanganisira zvakawanda vemazuva Kazakhstan. Mariri kwete chete akapinda ndima kumaodzanyemba enyika, iyo, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, akanga rapinzwa Soviet Republic of Turkestan. Asi sezvo chikamu Kirghiz SSR vaiva Karakalpakiya uye ano Orenburg nharaunda, Orenburg uye ayo muzinda. Kyrgyz ASSR ane kuzvionera yakanga rapinzwa RSFSR, sezvo, zvirokwazvo, uye Turkestan.

Panguva ivepo nharaunda KASSR kwave kuchiita kuchinja. Saka, mumakore 1924-1925 nayo akabatanidza nhengo dzaro kumaodzanyemba ndima Kazakhstan ano, chero chinhu chinokosha pamusoro Turkestan Soviet Republic.

Kazakh ASSR

Yandakapiwa shanduro "Kirghiz Kaisaks" harisi kuzvipira pakunzi pakati Kazakhs, muna April 1925 Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Kirgiz zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic muna Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. The guru akakurudzirwa kubva Orenburg kusvika Kyzyl-Orda, vasati kunzi AK-Mosque, uye iye Orenburg nharaunda yakanga kure nharaunda kuzvionera uye hwakatamisirwa zvakananga kudzora RSFSR. Muna 1927, kamwe kuchinjwa guru kwakaitika, nguva ino Alma-Ata, zvakasara muzinda siyana ehurumende masangano Kazakhs kusvikira 1997, kureva makore 70.

Muna 1930, ivo Karakalpak zvionera, nharaunda iyo hwakatamisirwa zvakananga kuzviisa pasi pamusoro RSFSR chakaparadzaniswa kubva KazASSR. Nokudaro, nzvimbo yacho ramangwana Kazakh USSR yakaumbwa anenge zvachose, uye kuchinja seasingakoshi chete zvichazoitika.

Paumbwe Kazakh Soviet Union

The Constitution itsva, maererano izvo Kazakh ASSR awana mamiriro Union Republic rakagamuchirwa muna 1936 muna USSR. Panyaya iyi, zvave vaziva kubva RSFSR, akagamuchira kuenzana kodzero yake, uye kubvira ipapo yakazozivikanwa seshanduro Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. Saka pakanga paumbwe Kazakh SSR.

Management muna Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Kutaura zvazviri, Kazakh SSR kudzora zvakakwana mumaoko Communist Party of Kazakhstan, kuumbwa 1937, chinhu chinokosha pamusoro CPSU. The chikuru chiso zvokuvhoterwa aiva munyori webato wokutanga. Kunyange dzinonzi munhu seboka musoro reRepublic of Kazakhstan kwainzi Mukuru Council Presidium. Uye Supreme Council ndiye zvemitemo muviri. Akavafambisa kuti 1990 sachigaro Presidium, uye ipapo - Dare Council.

Miganhu weboka Kazakh SSR

Kazakh SSR aiva administrative mamiriro, rakafanana miganhu weboka mamwe dzeSoviet. Vanosvika 19 nzvimbo dzakaumbwa panguva dzakasiyana. Mukutanga 60-ies dzezvimwe nzvimbo Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic vakanga akabatanidza kupinda unopinza (Tselinny, West Kazakhstan, South Kazakhstan), asi nokuchengetedzwa waro administrative mabasa. Asi nemakore 60s kwakasarudzwa kusiya nokupesana ichi.

Chirevo

Kufanana voruzhinji vose, ivo Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic aiva pachavo zviratidzo zvayo - mureza, chiratidzo uye chimbo.

Mureza weboka Republic rokutanga raiva dzvuku mureza ne akanyorwa "The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic" mumutauro wokuRussia uye Kazakh mitauro, uyewo nyundo nembezo pamusoro rworuboshwe wekona. Hazvina mureza uyu sezvo hurumende yakatarwa bumbiro iri Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic muna 1937. Asi muna 1953, kwave kune kuchinja: rakanyorwa rakabvisirwa, asi yave kuwedzera shanu-rwakavakwa nyeredzi uye yebhuruu bhendi pazasi jira. In chimiro ichi Kazakh SSR mureza akavapo kusvikira Republic goho kubva Union.

Zvadaro, muna 1937, rakazoshandiswa uye nguvo maoko Kazakh SSR. Kusiyana mureza kuti kwarwo yava ndavhiyiwa zviduku kuchinja. mufananidzo wake kukurukurwa pazasi.

Kazakh SSR chimbo rakagamuchirwa muna 1945. Mairi mumhanzi Mukan Tulebaev, Evgeniya Brusilovskogo uye Latif Hamidi vakaiswa mashoko Kayum Mukhamedkhanova, Abdilda Tazhibaeva uye Gabit Musrepov.

Kukura National upfumi

Kazakh SSR mumakore Kutonga Soviet zvasvika kusingaenzaniswi kusvikira zvoupfumi zviratidzo uye mwero zvoupfumi. Panguva ino vachishingaira kusimukira maindasitiri, aiitisa kuvakwa mafekitari, shag, yakavakwa Baikonur kuvakazve guta guru Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata. simbi, marasha migodhi kunyanya kuzviita yakatanga.

Asi musakanganwa nguva vakawanda nenzara, kumanikidzwa collectivization, udzvanyiriri munyika akachenjera, vakapona vanhu Kazakhstan vari 20s - 30s wekupedzisira remakore.

Kubviswa pakati Kazakh SSR

Hwoutongi kuti akatanga muSoviet Union yechipiri yezana 80s, asingagoni kubata uye Kazakh SSR, umo Centrifugal yokuda kwakawedzera. Muna 1986, guta guru Kazakhstan aiva wokutanga muna USSR Anti-hurumende dziite Aruma-Ata. Akanga ndichirairira kugadzwa Moscow, First Munyori Communist Party of Kazakhstan murume, akanga munyika haana kunyange kumbova. Movement zvoutsinye woutsinye pamwe muzvikamu zvechiuto.

Muna 1989 akava First Munyori Nursultan Nazarbaev, pamberi aimbova sachigaro Council of Vashumiri. April 24 gore rinouya, Dare Council akasarudzwa mutungamiri wayo. Muna October 1990, zvakanga vakatanga Declaration of State uchangamire Kazakhstan. Mushure yaAugust kubvuta masimba Nazarbayev vakabuda panhengo CPSU. Muna December 1991, yakanga vakazivisa kuzvimirira wakakwana reRepublic of Kazakhstan. Saka Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic havasisipo.