Simba Soviet. Pokugadzwa simba yeSoviet

Panopera yaOctober Revolution, hurumende yokutanga yeSoviet akasimbisa munzvimbo dzakawanda. Zvino pfupi nguva - ne March 1918 dzakawanda mumaguta dzematunhu uye dzimwe guru pakagadzwa simba Soviet akapfuura murunyararo. Nyaya ino vachatarira sei izvi zvakaitika.

Pokugadzwa simba yeSoviet

kukunda The rokutanga echimurenga mauto midzi muna Central munharaunda. Active hondo pamberi magungano chinozivikanwa zvakazoitika. Zviri pano kuti hurumende yeSoviet akatanga kutaura woga. 1917 chaizvo ropa. Pakutsigira yechimurenga Petrograd, ari Baltics uye chikuru basa rakanga reDare kuBaltic Fleet. By November 1917 Sea Black vezvikepe kukunda kurwisa vanhu Mensheviks uye SRs, uye chisarudzo naro aiziva vanhu Commissars, inotungamirwa V. I. Leninym. Panyaya iyi, kuFar East uye North enyika nehurumende yeSoviet havana kugamuchira rutsigiro zvikuru. Izvi zvakabatsira kuti vakazoroorwa pamusoro kupindira muzvinhu izvi.

Cossacks

Yakanga yakakwana nemishonga. Musi Don akaumba chinoumba hondo vakazvipira uye akasika chena pakati. The yokupedzisira yakanga akapindwa vatungamiri Cadets uye Octobrists Milyukov, Struve uye mugovanisi echimurenga Savinkov. Vakanga vakava chirongwa enyika. Vakanga vachida indivisibility kweRussia, ari Assembly Constituent, uyewo kusunungurwa nyika kubva Bolshevik udzvinyiriri. "White kufamba" munguva pfupi akawana kutsigirwa French, British uye American nedzenyu vamiririri, uyewo Ukrainian Parliament. Volunteer mauto tsamwisa rakatanga muna January 1918. White Guards akaita varayirwa Kornilov, izvo wairambidza kunwa vasungwa. "White Zvinotyisa" dzakatanga ichi.

The kukunda of Red Guards pamusoro Don

In gumi wokutanga January 1918 panguva Cossack Congress of Frontline Soviet hurumende vatsigiri akaumba Military Revolutionary Committee. musoro wake akava F. G. Podtelkov. Shure kwake akafamba vakawanda Cossacks. Nenguva iyo Don Red Guard mapoka vakatumwa nguva, vakabva vakaenda pamusoro inogumbura. White Cossack Mauto vaifanira shure kuna Salsk inowanzorimwa. hondo Volunteer vakatamirawo Kuban. Don Soviet Republic kwakatangwa March 23rd.

ari Orenburg Cossacks

Rakanga inotungamirwa Ataman Dutov. Mukutanga November, akanga zvombo Orenburg kanzuru akataura kuunganidza. Zvadaro Dutov pamwe Kazakh uye Bashkir vezvourudzi vakafora Verhneuralsk uye kuChelyabinsk. Kubvira akadimburira kubatana pakati Moscow uye Petrograd pamwe Central Asia uye South kuSiberia. Maererano Mutongo hurumende yeSoviet pamusoro Dutova vakatumirwa mapoka ose Red Guards pakati Urals, Ufa, Samara, Petrograd. Vakanga vachitsigirwa neboka Kazakh, wechiTatar uye Bashkir murombo. In mukupera February 1918 Dutova mauto vakakundwa.

Kunetsana munyika National nharaunda

Mundima idzi, hurumende yeSoviet vaitamburira kwete chete dikidiki Government. The echimurenga mauto vaiedza achapwanya kurwisa uye SR-Menshevik mauto uye nationalist bourgeoisie. Muna October-November 1917, hurumende yeSoviet vakakunda muEstonia, dzisingafambwi nzvimbo Belarus uye Latvia. Zvakanzi zvekare woutsinye nemishonga Baku. Pano hurumende yeSoviet kusvikira August 1918. Vamwe Transcaucasia rakanga pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu separatists. Somuenzaniso, muna Georgia, simba raiva mumaoko Mensheviks, muArmenia neAzerbaijan - Musavat uye Dashnaks (zviduku-Bourgeois mapato). By May 1918, ndima Bourgeois-Democratic Republic rakaumbwa.

Changes vakatora nzvimbo muUkraine. Saka, muna Kharkov muna December 1917, Ukrainian Soviet Republic akaziviswa. The echimurenga mauto akabudirira vachipidigura Central Batsirai. Iyewo, akazivisa paumbwe Vanhu yakazvimirira zvokuvhoterwa. Achisiya Kiev, Paramende iri muna Zhytomyr. Ikoko akanga mutaviridziro mauto eGermany. By March 1918, hurumende yeSoviet akasimbisa pacharo muCentral Asia uye Crimea, kuwedzera kune Emirate pamusoro Bukhara uye Khiva Khanate.

The political kuparapatika nechepakati nharaunda

Pasinei chokwadi kuti mumakore okutanga simba Soviet uye mupanduki akazvipira mauto vakakundwa makuru dziri nyika, pakati pokupikiswa vachiri kuenda mberi. Mugumo enyika kutamburira yaiva convening of Chechitatu Congress uye Constituent Assembly. It kuumbwa kuva dikidiki hurumende pakati neSoviet. Yaifanira kushanda kusvikira Constituent Assembly. Naye vazhinji anonzi nokuumbwa itsva munyika iri democratic hwaro. Panguva iyoyowo, tariro Gungano Constituent uye wakarovererwa vavengi simba yeSoviet. The Bolsheviks, zvakanga zvakanaka, sezvo chibvumirano chavo aizoparadza enyika nheyo anopamba.

Kamwe Romanov akanga abdicated, chimiro hurumende munyika vanofanira kukwanisa kuona Constituent Assembly. Zvisinei, hurumende zvokungoitawo mberi ungano yacho. It vakaedza kuwana gungano yokutsiva, kutanga democratic State uye kusvitsa Pre-Parliament. Zvose izvi zvakakonzerwa nechokwadi kuti Cadets kuwana ruzhinji. Kuipandukira uye Mensheviks, Zvichakadai, achagutisa nzvimbo yavo dikidiki Government. Zvisinei, mushure Revolution, naivowo vakatanga kutsvaka kuti convening of Constituent Assembly tariro kuti vatore simba.

sarudzo

mazwi avo dzakatangwa musi November 12 nokuda dikidiki Government. convening musangano musi vasarudzirwa sezvo yaJanuary 5, 1918. Pakazosvika nguva hurumende yeSoviet akanga 2 mapato - kuRuboshwe SRs uye Bolsheviks. First yakabuda sesangano rakazvimirira of Congress First. Kuvhota kwakaitika pamusoro bato mazita. Anokosha zvikuru chikamu akasarudzwa nevanhu nenzira yose Constituent Assembly vemo. Mazita zvakabvumirwa pamberi pakutanga chimurenga. Senzira Constituent Assembly vaiva:

• SRs (52.5%) - zvigaro 370.
• The Bolsheviks (24.5%) - 175.
• Left SRs (5.7%) - 40.
• Cadets - zvigaro 17.
• Mensheviks (2.1%) - 15.
• Enes (0.3%) - 2.
• Vamiririri Shamwari siyana National - zvigaro 86.

The Left SRs, akakuumba panguva yesarudzo, bato idzva kuvhota kunyange mumwe chete list, nokubuda pamberi chimurenga. Ivo Right SRs zvaisanganisira vakawanda vamiririri vayo. Kubva nhamba idzi zviri pachena kuti vomuSouth chinzvimbo Bolsheviks, kuti Mensheviks uye SRs - shamwari mugovanisi, nhamba vamiririri iri Constituent Assembly iyo yakanga vanopfuura 86%. Saka, vagari Russia chose zvakajeka akasarudzwa rakasanangurwa mberi nzira. With ichi akatanga kutaura wake pakuvhurwa Constituent Assembly Chernov - mutungamiriri Socialist-kuipandukira. The tinyatsonzwisisa mufananidzo uyu zvinoratidza zvakajeka zvikuru nhoroondo chokwadi, vachiramba mashoko mamwe kare kuti vanhu vakaramba mugovanisi nzira.

chiitiko

Panguva Assembly Constituent aifanira mvumo kana rakasarudzwa nzira kukura pa reCongress Chechipiri, Chirevo pamusoro Land uye munyika, mabasa simba Soviet, kana kuedza kuderedza pfuma yaro. Pemauto aiva ruzhinji mukereke, madziro. Pamusangano musi January 5, purogiramu Bolshevik akarambwa, Council of hurumende kuita asina mvumo. In kuti mamiriro ezvinhu, paiva mungozi kudzokera kuna SR-Bourgeois hwechiKomonisiti. Achipindura, nhume yacho Bolsheviks, uye pashure pacho, uye Left Socialist kuipandukira vakasiya musangano. Vakasara nhengo dzayo akagara kusvikira shanu mangwanani. Imba yacho wakapindwa 160 vaibva 705 At 5 am ari mutyairi-anarchist Zheleznyakov - Head dziviriro - akasvika Chernov uye akati: "The murindi akaneta!". Mutsara uyu akava nhoroondo. Chernov vakazivisa kuti musangano Akamboramba kusvikira mangwana. Zvisinei, musi waJanuary 6, Central Executive Committee chirevo wokuparadza Constituent Assembly. The mamiriro ezvinhu aigona kuchinja uye mienzaniso, izvo dzakarongwa maererano Socialist-kuipandukira uye Mensheviks. Kwakanga muMoscow uye Petrograd, uye hapana vakafa. Zviitiko izvi chakaratidza kutanga mahwanda iri mugovanisi mapato kupinda anorwisana mapoka maviri.

Kupera yokurwisana

The chisarudzo chokupedzisira chokuita Constituent Assembly uye remangwana mamiriro nemamiriro nyika rakagamuchirwa panguva Third Congress. January 10 akanga akaunganidza musangano Masoja 'uye Workers. Rechi13 akanga akabatana vamiririri All-Russian Congress of Varimi. Kubvira patakatanga ticking panguva yaitonga Soviet Union.

In mhedziso

ReCongress anotenderwa uye mutemo uye mabasa anoitwa, vakuru vakuru veSoviet - Central Executive Committee uye CPC, pokufa Assembly. Uyewo pamusangano vakanga rakabvumira mubumbiro mabasa kuti kwepamutemo utongi yeSoviet. Pakati anokosha vavo - the Declaration "On kodzero vashandi uye vakatobiridzira vanhu", "On yeUnited masangano reRepublic", uyewo Mutemo pamusoro socialization panyika. Zvokungoitawo Hurumende vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo Yakazopiwa zita rokuti vanhu Commissars. Tisati kuti, vanhu Declaration pamusoro Rights vanhu Russian. Uyezve, kuti CPC akatendeukira pamutemo vaMuslim kuMabvazuva uye Russia. Ivowo, vakazivisa kodzero uye rusununguko vemo, akakwezva vashandi vemarudzi akasiyana mune vanhuwo chinokonzera gutsaruzhinji kufarirwa. Muna 1921, zvakatanga chemindi mari nehurumende yeSoviet.