Mutemo vatorwa pamusoro USSR muna 1953-1964 gg. History of USSR

Revision of vatorwa mutemo Soviet Union yakatanga pashure pokufa Stalin. Muna 50-ies. Malenkov akataura "kubuda" kuti makakatanwa dzakawanda ukama. We inotevera nevamwe zviri Soviet yokumwe Mutemo makore 1953-1964.

rugare zvibvumirano

The vatorwa nomutemo wemadzimambo USSR mumakore 1953-1964 kwave aisimbirira pakagadzwa rugare uye kungoreva zvinobetsera pamwe dzimwe nyika. Panguva chirongwa yacho utungamiri Soviet, zvibvumirano zvakawanda chasainwa. Saka, muna 1953, July 27, akanga asaina nguva yekumbotaurirana muKorea. The chikuru nzira easing kusawirirana panyika mudariro hutungamiri munyika akamboona kuwedzera nzvimbo pamwe nemamwe anoti. Muna 1955, 25 January, ari Presidium of Armed Forces rakagamuchirwa chirevo, akagumisa mamiriro hondo Germany. Muna September wegore iroro, musoro hurumende Germany akasvika Moscow. Munguva kushanya, yakatanga nedzenyu ukama West Germany. Muna 1955, pakati May, chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa Austria. Maererano nayo mumamiriro hondo naro kwakaregwa. Gwaro asimbisa kuti uchangamire uye vimbiso kwavakarerekera.

Muna 1956, Soviet Union adzosera was ndima Finland - Porkkala Udd, kwaiva wengarava mujinga Union. In pemwedzi waJune Karelian-Finnish pamwe zvokuvhoterwa yakashandurwa kuva standalone. Uyewo muna 1956, October 19, Japan uye Soviet Union rakapa rondedzero pamusoro pokudzorerwa nedzenyu ukama uye kumira uto hweHIV. By pakuguma 50s Soviet Union yakanga kufanana dzaishandiswa zvibvumirano vanopfuura 70 inotaura.

Soviet vatorwa negwaro 1953-1964 (zvishoma)

nzvimbo Key vaizivikanwa panguva XX Party Congress. Khrushchev vakazivisa pamusangano pakati kusavapo pekusadziviririka hondo yenyika rakatevera, achinongedza zvichiita dzakasiyana nzira yezwi mugovanisi maitiro uye rugare coexistence kunyika nedzimwe zvematongerwe enyika. Mune zvinyorwa reCongress chakasimbiswa kuvimbika kuna Soviet Union kuti mitemo rusununguko uye uchangamire, vari pamwe dzimwe nyika. Panguva iyoyowo, Khrushchev aidzidzisa kuti wenyika co-ariko ehurumende anoita somunhu dzakananga mhando mukirasi hondo. It inosiya nzira chete zvechiuto uye haushandi kune dzidziso. Muna 1957 Bazi Affairs Foreign inotungamirirwa rakakura Wenyika Gromyko. The Ministry Foreign aiva pasi utungamiriri hwake kusvikira 1985. Gromyko akaita mupiro mukuru kukura nhaurirano kwacho pamusoro pakagadzwa achitonetsekawo maoko nhangemutange.

Aichinja dzidziso rechiuto

Muna 1956, zvakaratidza kusawirirana pakati Soviet wokumwe negwaro 1953-1964. Vanoverengeka dzimwe nyika vakaumba zviyero, ane basa rakanga nechinangwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kudzora zvinoitwa mugovanisi nyika uye paumbwe National Liberation kufamba yaitonga avanhu.

Muna 1956, munyika dzidziso uto Soviet Union yave pasi kuchinja. Vakanga anokonzerwa kuchinja kubva vakawanda kushandiswa masoja ari kusango kundorwa kuti chombo uye Standoff yenyukireya. Wokutanga yave zvinobudirira vaedzwa intercontinental ballistic chombo munyika muna 1957. Rakanga zvakawanda guru uye aigona kusvika US ndima. Sezvo 1959 kwakatangwa Serial kugadzirwa zvombo izvi, uchiteverwa yokusimbisa mhepo kudzivirira mauto, mhepo uye nenyika nemauto, vakatanga kuvakwa pemvura renyukireya chombo rengarava. America ari kuona zvose izvi, kunzwisisa kuti Soviet Union vangangodaro kudzorera iri chiitiko ane hondo itsva.

The kunetsana pamwe US

Pasinei rinoita akavaka renyukireya chombo mukana, dzimwe nyika mutemo pamusoro USSR 1953-1964 gg. achiri pfungwa pamwe chete nyika mabhora akasiyana. Saka chinokosha vane ukama United States. Kubva 15 kusvika 27 September 1959 aiva Khrushchev akashanyira America. Munguva Khrushchev wake akagamuchira Eisenhower akataura paNational Press Club, uye UN General Assembly, akasangana varimi uye vanamuzvinabhizimisi. Muzhizha 1961, iye aifanira kudzoka US President vashanya. Asi musi May 1 panguva vari Mausoleum Khrushchev akaziva kuti US kusora ndege intruded kunyika wacho airspace uye akapfurwa pasi pedyo Sverdlovsk. Utungamiriri Soviet akatuma katsamba kunyunyuta. Achipindura hurumende yake America akataura "kukanganisa kufamba mugungwa" nokuti haana kuziva kuti mutyairi ndege, zvinopesana nemirayiridzo, vachiri vapenyu, uye vakaridza pachake. Saka, akanga atora musungwa. Zviremera zveSoviet Akasunungura uchapupu mutyairi United States abatwa nhema. Eisenhower akaramba ruregerero. kushanya kwake kuna USSR rakanga rarambidzwa.

hurukuro itsva

The kwokunze nomutemo wemadzimambo USSR muna 1953-1964 gg. vaifungidzira vanachandagwinyira Positioning munyika pamusoro renyika iri kuvaka-up of nemauto-maindasitiri zvinogona. Izvi, pasina mubvunzo, kuwedzera dzakawanda makakatanwa. In mangwanani June 1961 utungamiriri Soviet akabata hurukuro Kennedy muVienna. Mativi vakaedza kukurukura mubvunzo German uye kuti kurambidza nekuongororwa zvenyukireya. Khrushchev aida kuti asaine runyararo sungano mbiri Germanys maererano aivapo of facto miganhu, achivaudza West Berlin guta akasununguka. Asi ichi chakanga akarambwa. Uyewo, Kennedy aisagona kuwana kurambidza yokuedzwa yenyukireya. The Wall Berlin yakavakwa musi 13 Nyamavhuvhu. Zvazova musimboti chaiye "Iron Keteni" akaparadzanisa Europe. Muna September, Soviet Union, kurega sungano United States kurambidza zvenyukireya kuputika, ichiitwa dzakatevedzana nemiedzo.

Cuban Chombo dambudziko

Mutemo vatorwa pamusoro USSR muna 1953-1964 gg. Rave aisimbirira pakagadzwa muchiuto parity pamwe United States. Muna 1962, pakava ngozi bilateral ukama. Mamiriro akarwarisa maererano mutongo kuisa Soviet Union muna Cuba kushandisa svikiro-siyana zvombo. America, uyewo, vakatanga kugadzirira nechisimba. Zvisinei, anenge panguva yokupedzisira runhare kukurukura Khrushchev uye Kennedy, panguva iyo vatungamiri vakatadza kusvika nzwisisa. Mune US, pakupedzisira vaziva zvombo kubva Turkey uye Soviet Union - Cuba.

Cuban chombo dambudziko iri vaiona apogee yokurwisana pakati USSR uye West. Atanga nekarunyararo détente. Muna 1963, muMoscow, chibvumirano akanga akapedzisa pakati Soviet Union, Britain uye America kurambidza zvenyukireya tichizviedza pemvura, mune nzvimbo uye mhepo. Munguva pfupi iri chibvumirano vakabatana munyika dzinopfuura 100. Pakafa Kennedy uye Khrushchev buditsa rikurumidze akambomiswa.

MAD

Mutemo vatorwa pamusoro USSR muna 1953-1964 gg. Rakanga zvainanga nokuvumba pamwe kwete chete chete West, asi vavakidzani vayo dzepedyo. Munguva mugovanisi kumisasa nguva kwaisanganisira Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Albania. Teaming nevanegumi Soviet Union, havana akasika MAD (the Warsaw chibvumirano). Chikamu vakatora pamusoro pachavo musengwa kupa rubatsiro namazano muchiuto nengozi, pamwe vakachengeteka uye norugare. Uyezve, kuti kubvunzana panyaya chokuita zvavo zvido. Kubvira vakatanga paumbwe rakabatana hondo zvayo murayiro.

CMEA

Mutemo vatorwa pamusoro USSR muna 1953-1964 gg. taitarisira pamwero mukuru rubatsiro kunyika dzose mugovanisi musasa pakuvaka maindasitiri zvivako zviri mundima yavo. Chinhu chikuru nzvimbo ukama akava Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA). nzvimbo sezvo kiyi pamwe vaiva:

1. Kufambisa of National upfumi zvirongwa.
2. Trade.
3. Cultural ukama.
4. Pamwe mumunda zvesainzi.

By mushandirapamwe uyu dzakwidzwa vakabatana Cuba. . Mumakore 1958-1964, maererano Mutongo CMEA, yakavakwa kuti Mapaipi "Druzhba" - makuru munyika. Kureba kwayo kwakanga vanopfuura zviuru 4,5. Km. Muna 1959-1962 gg. zvinonyatsorehwa simba hurongwa akasikwa "The World." Iye akabatanidza richikurukura Soviet Union uye ari mugovanisi nyika muEurope. Muchiitiko chino, vakawanda mari vakafunga USSR. Utungamiriri Soviet vakaedzawo kuvandudza ukama Yugoslavia. Muna 1955, mumwe chiziviso chakanga yakasainwa pakati vamiririri venyika maererano izvo akasarudzwa nharaunda pamwe mune tsika, upfumi uye zvesayenzi mabhora.

kurwisana

Zvinoumba Soviet yokumwe Mutemo makore 1953-1964. pakati akatsunga kutsvaka utungamiriri Soviet kumisa gutsaruzhinji. Zvisinei, simba racho "nyungudika" akatungamirira dzinotsanagura democratization uye de-Stalinization mune dzimwe batana nyika. Akatanga kuzviratidza mapoka pakati munyika. Vakanga kunyanya chokuita kuenda Soviet Union kubva yakasimbiswa dzemitemo uye kuzarura chipingaidzo wayo munyaya dzomunyika evamwe inoti. In pemwedzi June 1953 muEast Berlin vakatanga kuridza kuti kubatana kwakaita Germany. Muzhizha 1956 kuenzanisira dzakaitwa muPoland. Pano vashandi vakaenda amurove, vachirayira sapakuparadzwa communism. Somugumisiro, utungamiriri itsva munyika. Muna October 1956 kwebope kwakatanga muHungary. Under kumanikidzwa Anti-mugovanisi mauto ehurumende utungamiri rakazivisa kushaya wayo kubva ATM. Zvisinei, pakutanga November kusvika mauto eSoviet akanga vakasuma, izvo akakurira Hungarian yemuna.

Mutemo vatorwa pamusoro USSR muna 1953-1964 gg. It akaratidza saka pakuzvipira utungamiri kuramba ari inoti South-Eastern uye Central muenzaniso gutsaruzhinji European.