Gore panguva US sehurumende. Hondo nokuti rusununguko zviri American dzaidzorwa uye United States dzidzo. The Constitution pamusoro 1787

America rinoita vomuzuva rose uye kubatana hurumende ine dzakabudirira upfumi uye kuenzana kodzero kuti vanhu vose. Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti ichi chinhu rakazvimirira nyika kamwe kwaingova nyuchi hombe pakati British Empire, uye gore US Department of Education sehurumende - ichi hachisi zuva rakasiyana magetsi emakore akawanda. Pashure pezvose, United States vanoonekwa kuti mumwe yomuduku nyika munyika, iyo inogona chokuita kuyaruka kutanga basa rake.

America - mukuru kuwana munhoroondo yevanhu

Kunyange zvazvo America yakawanikwa pedyo VaViking refu asati achiwana pamhenderekedzo vanhu vokuSpain, asi nyika yose vakadzidza inokurukura musi kuwanikwa America muna 1492. Christopher Columbus asvika ari Bahamas, kwakava kutanga Colonisation yacho kondinendi nokuda vokuSpain. Mumakore mashanu ari American Mahombekombe, pane zvimwe misha dzakavakirirwa kwazvo Spanish, izvo akagara idzi.

The Chirungu akasvika America chete muna 1607-M uye akavamba Jamestown. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kugarwa nokukurumidza akakura kubva Britain nguva kusvika colonists itsva, vakabudirira vakagara panzvimbo itsva. America akaninira vatama yakakura expanses, dzinongoitika upfumi uye vimbiso huru. Vakawanda vakanzwa dzavo, kubhadhara pachavo rwendo rwavo. Asi paivawo nevamwe Mapato vanhu vakanga vaifamba nokuropafadzwa British Crown. England vari kuti vawane nzvimbo pamusoro American Mahombekombe, hurumende aona izvi vakasununguka nyika hwaro nokukurumidza zvoupfumi kukura muBritain.

Kuberekwa mayflower Compact

Kana tikafunga paumbwe US Muchidimbu, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti 1620 gungano iroro raikosha munhoroondo yacho. Kuti chikepe "mayflower" vasvika nguva ino kuti nemahombekombe America, uyo akauya naye nemhuri Puritan, kutiza kutambudzwa nokuda British nezviremera. Pano ivo inotangwa zvavo Plymouth Colony, achitarisira kuvaka nenzanga yakasununguka. Ndezvokuti, nevaPuritan, ivo chishamiso vakatiza noutsinye vanodzivisa chero Kupikisa ayo mapoka. Vakanyatsonzwisisa vanoomerera dzavo dzechitendero nevanhu uye kudzingwa chero munharaunda vaigona kutaura pfungwa dzavo. Kunyange zvakadaro, nevaPuritan vakakwanisa kuita kuonana zvose Chirungu misha rinenge, akagumisa navo Meyflaurskoe chibvumirano. It colonists zvaisanganisira clauses pamusoro rusununguko, gutsaruzhinji uye kuparadzana chechi uye mamiriro. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vazhinji pfungwa esungano akazova hwaro nokuda US Constitution.

Kukura Chirungu nyuchi dziri American ivhu

Kuti tinzwisise apo United States yakaumbwa sehurumende, zvakakodzera kuronda kukura mapoka, iro rakakura nokukurumidza American pamhenderekedzo. Nokuti makumi mashanu makore kumhara kuBritain gumi dzaiva yokutanga akazviratidza muUnited States, iyo ine makumi ezviuru zvevanhu.

Vanhu akatamira kune World Itsva Zviuru, ose chikepe idzva vakauya navatorwa, ndichitarisira kuwana mufaro wavo muna America. Vamwe vakabudirira, nomuromo vakaenda nyaya vanhuwo chokurarama mhanza kuramba uye akatendeseka basa. Pfungwa iyi yakava nheyo American tsika, achiri American ose inokurukura pachake rombo anogona kuzadzisa munyika iyi yakakwirira munzanga.

American indasitiri yakatanga nokukurumidza, zvisina anogutswa British zviremera. Pakazopera nemasere remakore, nyuchi rinogona zvizere pacharo pamwe mbishi zvinhu uye nevatengi nhumbi, shipyards kwakabvumira colonists kuti kuchinjanisa kuIndia. izvi zvose akasimbisa nzvimbo vanotama, asi kufadza akaererana Paramende yeBritain. Britain ndeyokuita zvose zvaunogona kudzora rusununguko nyuchi yacho:

• nguva dzose kuwedzera mitero;
• akasuma kurambidzwa kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika;
• ekisipoti kwenhumbi zvaibvumirwa chete pamusoro matare Chirungu;
• zvigadzirwa zvose uye pakugadzira zvinhu vaitenga kubva Britain;
• kuramba hurongwa mapoka kuramba quartered masoja British.

Gore negore kusagutsikana ungano dzaiva nehurumende yeBritain wakawedzera.

Kutanga Hondo Independence

Kana kuona zvishoma US akadzidza pamusoro chinhu chikuru, zviri zvirokwazvo mutengo kudoma chirongwa Benjamin Franklin. Muna 1754, akavhomora pfungwa Chirungu Parliament chirongwa kuumba munharaunda dziri zvishoma yakazvimirira kuBritain. Maererano gwaro rino, musoro North America dzaidzorwa vanofanira kumira mutungamiri, yakatarwa nehurumende England. Gwaro iri akapa zvakawanda rusununguko uye ropafadzo vatama, asi haana kuzivisa munhu nyuchi zvachose akazvimirira. Chirongwa ichi kwave kwazvo nzira itsva uye aigona muwanire kugadzikana American munzanga, asi rakanga pakarepo akarambwa Paramende yeBritain.

Pakupedzisira akaratidza zvinovavarirwa British zviremera kufara kuBoston kuramba kufunga Mutongo First Continental Congress, inova pamwe basa makumi mashanu vamiririri dzinenge dzose States. Mukupindura, Britain akatuma nemahombekombe America warships kuti akaita mapoka vabatane mukutarisana nevakawanda muvengi.

Gore panguva US sehurumende: nzendo uto emisangano 1775-1783

On vachinzwa rava kusvika vokuBritain muchiuto, vokuAmerica akaita chisarudzo kuenda kuhondo uye kusarudza kudzivirira kodzero dzavo uye norusununguko. Hondo nokuti rusununguko zviri American dzaidzorwa uye United States dzidzo vaiva zvikuru umhare matanho munhoroondo yacho, iyo vakaratidza nyika kuti kubatana kwevanhu anokwanisa refract chero mamiriro ezvinhu.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kunyange pamberi hondo, ungano dzaiva kwaidzorwa nemasangano omunharaunda nounyanzvi zvakakwana. Vakashumira sehwaro kusikwa mauto uye vamwe nemapazi ehurumende. Muna 1776, vanhu Second Continental Congress vapindi akazivisa kuitwa pakati Declaration of Independence, rinotaura dzinokosha rejaya wehurumende. Panguva iyoyowo, General Washington akagadzwa mukuru ari mukuru Continental Army. Zvino musi July 4, 1776 rinopembererwa sezvo Independence Day, kureva gore US Department of Education - itsva mamiriro panyika mepu.

Kusvikira 1777 mauto American vakundwa yeBritain mhiri mberi mutsetse. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti murombo kwerunyararo hondo uye varwi zvakaipa vakadzidziswa, nekuti hondo vaiva vanhuwo zvavo, vakanga kumbobvira kutakura zvombo. Pachivande vakatsigira French colonists, zvakare, akanga misha yavo American pamhenderekedzo. Chete pashure yokutanga guru kukunda of Continental Army pana kuSaratoga, France akaita dzakasaina chibvumirano vokuAmerica kuti rutsigiro. Somugumisiro, hondo yakatanga kuwana French ngarava uye masoja. Hondo kwapfuura wayo tipping pfungwa.

Muna 1781, Britain mauto vakundwa hondo colonists uye Britain aifanira kutanga akurukure vapanduki. Kusvikira makore maviri akawanda misha vachirwisana, asi hondo yasvika ayo vatiwo. Muna 1783, yakanga pamutemo American rusununguko kubva British Crown.

Gore iri US nhoroondo Constitution

VokuAmerica vanoda chaizvo kuziva nhoroondo zvose zvokukura kukura nyika yavo. Vanokudza vose magwaro, pasina iro dzidzo US zvaisazova zvinobvira. The Constitution pamusoro 1787 anonzi wokutanga uye chinokosha gwaro rejaya wehurumende.

The chaizvo nhoroondo Constitution riri takapoteredzwa vakawanda makuhwa uye dzinonakidza chokwadi. Somuenzaniso, vakawanda vokuAmerica vachiri nechokwadi, chii Zuva vaiona kuti gore US Department of Education. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, ichi 1776 - gore Declaration of Independence, parakatanga akazivisa kusikwa itsva mamiriro pahwaro rusununguko uye akaenzana. Maererano vamwe, gore apo United States ndiyo akafanana ne kuitwa reMitemo.

Sezvineiwo, gwaro iri raikosha akasikwa pasina kushandisa ruzivo runokosha. Vapindi akanyora Constitution, achitora sezvikonzero-siyana kwemitemo zviito wokurera mune dzimwe yaitonga yawo. Zvakaguma pfupi bumbiro munhoroondo vanhu, uye nhasi zviri kushanda kwete inini chero kuchinja.

The ratification of US Constitution

Chakatishamisa reMitemo pakutanga vakatanga inoti maviri chete, izvo zvaireva kuti kugona kunzi gwaro repamutemo, izvo zvinogona kureva eutungamiri munyika. Benjamin Franklin, ari kushingaira kushanda pakasikwa gwaro rino, ngadzirambe zano reMitemo kuburikidza nokusaina pfumbamwe ari gumi inotaura. Izvi zvakapa muduku mamiriro panguva kusingaenzaniswi mukana, nokuti hweruzhinji aisangova mashoko maturo, uye hwaro chikuru gwaro munyika.

The chikuru zvokudya the US Constitution

The creators of US Constitution akaita zvose zvikuru echimurenga pfungwa, kokutanga inoti akanga kodzero yakakura zvakadaro, hakungoitwi kumanikidza hurumende nechepakati yacho. Nemhaka kubatsirana pamusoro Thomas Jefferson uye George Washington, kuti inoti zvakawana rusununguko pakubata yayo zvinorwisana nyaya. Simba rose yakakamurwa kuva namatavi matatu:

• pamutemo;
• Executive;
• dare.

Izvi akabvumira kuramba rusununguko wacho uye kuremekedza kodzero mumwe nomumwe womuno.

Zvirema Duck Amendment

Negore paumbwe US Constitution zvaiita tiine Gwaro, asi makore matatu gare gare zvakava pachena kuti inoda zvimwe kuwedzererwa. Kubvira panguva iyoyo kusvikira Constitution anofanira Akave nokuvandudza nokuda simbi, asi vachiri nhamba yavo iduku munhoroondo magwaro akadaro.

Parizvino akagamuchira yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita chete makumi maviri nemanomwe dzataurwa nokuda gumi zviuru 1791. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kamwe gwaro zviri mberi nguva yaro uye richiri kushanda.

Nhoroondo US rakazara umhare zviitiko, asi achiri chakajeka mapeji aro kusika yakazvimirira ehurumende uye maumbirwo awo, kubudirira kushanda nhasi.