Bashkir omunyika: kare, tsananguro uye tsika

The vekare Turkic vanhu, Bashkirs, vakakwanisa kuti ayo kare, ramba tsika zhinji, mutauro, tsika. Bashkirskie mazororo vari kunzwisisa musanganiswa veChihedheni Muslim mavambo. Pamusoro tsika vanhu sei, uye makore Russian Empire neSoviet kare. We tsanangura huru pamitambo tsika Bashkirs uye mamiriro avo.

Nhoroondo Bashkir vanhu

mabhuku akawanda ekare taura vanhu vaigara kumaodzanyemba Urals, rave ruminant mombe uye nokungwarira anorinda nharaunda yavo. Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti izvi ndizvo Bashkirs. Rakanyorwawo mabhuku zvinoratidza kuti kare muzana remakore rechi9 pamusoro mujinga Makomo Ural pedyo Volga, Kama, Tobol uye akararama yakazvimirira vanhu. Bashkirs akataura mutauro wavo, vakanamata zvakasikwa uye vanamwari vakawanda havana hasha nechisimba, asi zvakasimba kwakarinda nyika yavo. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi9 zvakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma Islamization vanhu, asi tsika dzechihedheni okuberekwa Nyatsobatanidzwai dzakarukwa kupinda chitendero chitsva.

Rakabatana mabatiro vanhu chiIslam zvakaitika, raiva nyoro yaitsiva zviripo zvitendero uye tsika nemitemo itsva. Muzana remakore rechi9 pakati Bashkirs vakatamira Hungary, uye pakupedzisira akazova nhengo Hungarian rudzi. Ural Bashkirs muzana remakore rechi13, nokushingaira akaramba Mongol nechisimba uye akagamuchira kodzero kuzvionera. Pashure pokuwa Golden Horde, ivo Bashkirs vaiva chikamu khanates dzakawanda, uye kubva pakati remakore rechi16 vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kukumbanidzwa Russian Empire.

First Bashkirs kumavirira uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero vakava vanotongwa wokuRussia chamber, uye gare gare rudzi rwose vakagamuchira Russian chizvarwa, asi wakasara kodzero nzira yavo youpenyu, mutauro, kutenda. Asi mberi upenyu vanhu haana kufara zvachose. czars zhinji Russian vakaedza vabiridzire Bashkirs ropafadzo dzavo, yakakonzera kukuru nemishonga. Asi haizopereri kutapwa rudzi urwu kwave chokuita Russia.

Culture uye tsika

The refu uye chakaoma kunzwisisa nhoroondo akaumba mumwe yakasiyana tsika Bashkir. pakutanga vanhu ava akatungamirira Semi-runochengeta mararamiro, uye kwakakanganisa tsika ake ezuva nezuva. Islam dzinongoita kuumbwa chokuita dzinokosha. Bashkirs vagara ukama hwemhuri mukuru, vari takapoteredzwa kuwanda mitemo uye tsika. Vakuru akapoteredzwa kukuru, uye inoita basa rinokosha muupenyu ose. Mufananidzo upenyu vanhu sei nokuumbwa tsika.

Bashkirs, uyo akanga refu hwaivapo sechinhu sanyorwa tsika, akachengetedzwa mupfumi chaizvo uye kunzwisisa yakakura, iro rinotaura pamusoro chitarisiko vanhu uye magamba avo. Bashkir tsika uye mazororo Wakanyura kwaro marongerwo uye dzematongerwe kwete chete tsika vaMuslim, asi wekare wechihedheni, totem kumiririrwa. Bashkirs - nomutsa chaizvo uye vanoda rugare vanhu, waiva mugumisiro refu coexistence vanhu nevavakidzani siyana, kuti Tatars, Russian, Bulgars, eMongolia, Kazakhs, uye zvose vaifanira kugadziridza hukama. Naizvozvo, Bashkirs vachiri kudavira kuti tinofanira kuramba rugare nevose uye kuti kukwanisa kutaurirana navo. Muchiitiko chino, vanhu Maponesa kuzivikanwa kwavo uye kuzvikudza, kwete kubvuma chero kufurirwa kunze.

Holiday uye zvinoitwa zuva nezuva

Bashkirs pane musiyano wakajeka pakati dzemazororo uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kana ose zuva vavanotungamirira upenyu nyore chaizvo, kugutsikana nyore zvokudya uye zvinhu, dzemazororo anopembererwa nevakawanda, siyana tsika. Bashkirs akachengetedzwa hwakadzama nyaya tsika pane zvose pazviitiko zvinokosha: kuzvarwa, michato, mariro, mavambo uye kuguma chokurima mugore.

Pane Muchiitiko yaingowanikwa mazororo muna Bashkir, wakasara tsanangudzo yakajeka kutevedzana kwezviitiko zviito zviitiko zvose. Zano runowanzoitika nokupembera uye nenziyo, munyaya mitambo. Kunyange Bashkir zvokupfeka akazadza yakadzika Chirevo uye semantics. Long nguva Soviet zvakakonzera yokuti tsika akatanga kubuda kushandiswa. Asi nhasi pane kumutsidzirwa chizvarwa tsika, uye muna Republic ruzha uye zvakakodzera akati ne mhemberero zvose dzokufananidzira, uye vazhinji.

Eid al-Fitr

Kufanana vazhinji Bashkir chevarwere mitambo, Eid al-Fitr vakauya Islam. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mitambo yegore, nhasi kune pakumedura refu kutsanya. In Bashkortostan, mutambo uyu rinopembererwa nevakawanda. Mangwanani vose vanhu kuenda chechi, zvino dzimba akafukidzwa vakapfuma matafura zvokudya zvechokwadi ari vanhu vaishayiwa, varombo vanofanirawo kupa mari kwavari waiva chinhu chokurumbidza Allah. The zororo chokuita rubatsiro rwevakuru navanoshayiwa, pamwe nemabasa akanaka. Bashkirs iro zvechokwadi anoshanda nyama uye bhiza nyama, akapfeka mutambo zvokupfeka, mijenya kutamba. On nhasi, hapana nzvimbo tariro.

Eid al-Adha

Izvi vaMuslim uye Bashkir mutambo rinopembererwa muna September, uye hwakabatana chibayiro kunonamata Mecca. Ndiye yakakwirira unoenda kunzvimbo tsvene. Mangwanani ose mosques ose Bashkortostan mutambo pakunamata uye mutsika chibayiro chinokosha. Zvadaro musha wose kupfeka tafura, iva nechokwadi kuti kwama- mumwe munhu anoshayiwa zuva. Kazhinji musoro wemhuri akatenga panguva chitunha pamusika mhuka: gwai, mhou, bhiza, uye razdelyvaya chikamu, varombo. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru Bashkirs vanotumirwa kumisha nemumwe, apo vaitamba mutambo tafura rumbidzai Jehovha.

Kargat

Nzanga dzose pane zororo, iro ndopanoguma chando. Kargath - Bashkir mutambo yakatsaurirwa nokusvika rooks. uye inonzi rakashandurwa nhasi Bashkir - ". Grachinoye muchato" On nhasi yakawanda kunonakidza. Vanhu vapfeke ari zvokupfeka, ugobuda vose pamwe chete kuimba nokutamba. Bashkirs rakagara richidudzirwa yakashongedzwa mumiti zuva RIBBONS, sirivha, marozari, Scarves. Kuva nechokwadi kuti kugadzirira uye kuwedzerwa yose zvokudya zveshiri. Bashkirs pazuva kubvunza hunhu zvakamufanira, kukohwa zvakanaka. Mhemberero iyi zuva rinoumbwa kwete kundotamba uye nenziyo, asi zvinosanganisirawo makwikwi siyana varume simba uye agility. Inopera zororo akasvibirira kudya zvokudya yemo.

Sabantuy

Vazhinji Bashkir mazororo nokuda pamwaka zvokurima zvinogara kana yezororo Sabantuy negejo - mumwe wavo. Iye anotaura kuti kupera kwematsutso mabasa mumunda. Vanhu nyengeterera kukohwa zvakanaka uye kupira vanamwari. Mhemberero inoitwa munzvimbo yakakura apo rinogona kuunganidza yose Vagari vomumusha. It takasarudza kuuya mhuri iyi yezororo. Fun zvinosanganisira chinyakare nziyo vachitamba uye mhemberero. Vo nhasi, izvozvo akafunga kutevera enyambo mutsimba, vachimhanya mumasaga nezvimwe siyana zviitiko. Mubayiro pacharo akangwara uye simba - Live makwai. On nhasi, iva nechokwadi kuti kunyemwerera uye majee yakawanda, iyo Bashkirs, pane nziyo chaiyo kuti kudana ngoni vamwari.

Yyyyn

Kana mazororo zhinji Bashkir vanhu yakabuda nokupesvedzera dzimwe tsika, asi Yyyyn - zviri yepakutanga, mazororo rekare vanhu ava. Anoti zuva rokutanga chirimo kwezuva. Holiday yakatanga kubva vanhu Assembly, iyo akataura zvose zvinokosha munharaunda nyaya. Ariita chete varume, gare gare, tsika iyi yave simba. Nokuti mutambo kuumbwa Playground mudenderedzwa, kwavaigona kugara pasi zvose airemekedzwa varume musha. Nhasi, zororo racho ramira sechibereko kanzuru National, asi raiva kwebhosvo, umo majaya vakaratidza ukoshi hwavo somunhu zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita, unyanzvi uye simba nhengo munharaunda. Kwavari, vakabata zvakasiyana-siyana nemiedzo. Kazhinji panguva Yyyyna zvisarudzo pamusoro pamichato yemberi.

ezororo

Kunze kuti nyika kwakaratidza Bashkir omunyika, panguva kuvapo mukati Russian tsika akazviratidza tsika kuti kupemberwe omunyika. In zvikuru yaizivikanwa Manyorerwo inopfuura kupemberera Gore Idzva (January 1), Zuva Airwira Nyika Yababa, March 8, Victory Day, Zuva National Unity. Musiyano mukuru iri yezororo Muterere. Bashkirs kwazvo kwazvo avo National chili uye saka kunyange enyika, ehurumende mhemberero dzakadaro kupfeka patafura yavo kufarira National dhishi: kazi (soseji), Gubad, baursak, belish nyama.

dzechitendero mazororo

Bashkirs - vaMuslim, saka ivo tara zviitiko zvinokosha chitendero ichi. Somuenzaniso, muna Bashkortostan kare ataurwa kupemberera Eid uye Eid al-Adha, uyewo Mawlid, Safari, zuva Arafat nevamwe. Bashkir mazororo akanyatsojeka akafanana zvakafanana zviitiko Tatarstan, vane tsika dzakafanana kwazvo vakava tsika dzechitendero. Musiyano kunopfuura chete nziyo, zvokupfeka, vachitamba, kuti Bashkirs akachengetedzwa National hunhu.

Family mazororo

Sezvo mhuri - ndiye anokosha uye kukosha, kureva Bashkirs, pane yakawanda kunzwisisa uye nemamwe tsika kupemberera kuberekwa chiitiko. Family Bashkir mazororo vane nhoroondo refu uye nokungwarira ushandiswe tsika. Kunyange ano vomumaguta musi womuchato zuva kana kuberekwa kwemwana adzokera ayo nemidzi uye kudzokororwa tsika pamwe emakore nhoroondo. Weddings, kuzvarwa, mariro munogara segwapa zvose zvinobva, kureva, kuenda zvizvarwa 3-4 wemhuri. Mumwe zororo Rinobatanidzwa ne nezvipo PRESENT, anobata, rumbidzai vamwari. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe zviitiko izvi, pane chinokosha zvokupfeka, nziyo chaidzo dzakawanda uye kunyatsoomerera kutevedzana kwezviitiko nezviito.