Lilac: Icho chiri shrub kana muti? Zvinokonzera mukurumbira uye nhoroondo yekurima

Lilac is shrub kana muti wekukura zvishoma, kubvira panguva yapfuura yakakurira nevashambadzi vemiti vemarudzi akawanda. Nguva dzose mukurumbira mupaki-kupfekesa insembles lilac pamusana pezvishamiso zvayo.

Beauty lilac

Mashizha masvizha emavara akanaka, mazai anoshamisa, akaputirwa munhoroondo dzisinganzwisisiki dzevanhu vakasiyana-siyana, dzakasvibira uye dzakareruka ruzivo, kuzvidzora mukuchengetedza - izvi zvose zvinonzi lilac. Iyo shrub kana muti ane ruzivo rwakakura rweplorescences rwepepuru, lilac, dhizha, rutsvuku, ruvara nemuchena. Rinogona kumirisana nemamiriro emaguta, rinonzwa rakanaka munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, nyore kubereka, rinorega kubvumira kutema. Maruva emalagi ane unhu hwakaoma, uye mhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinotorwa nevanosima mashizha kwemakore mazana emakore, dzinomiririra mhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzemakanda uye dzinobvumira kusarudza shrub kune chero mamiriro ose emamiriro ekunze.

A bit of history

Zita rezvinyorwa zvechimiro iri muchikwata (Syringa L.) chinotitumira kuGreece. Izwi rechiGiriki rokuti 'Syrinx' rinoshandura se 'tube', iro rinosanganiswa nemafungiro emaruva. Imwe mhando ndiyo yakabva zita racho nekuda kwechiGiriki chekare nymph Shiring, uyo akadzikinurwa kubva kuna Mwari-musango-mukuda naye uye akachinja kuva gwenzi, kubva paPan akazoita pombi. Muchirwo chekurima munda weLilac chakatanga kubudiswa muChina, chakasimwa mumadhonari eBuddhist sechiratidzo chekujekeswa. Ficus, akakurira muIndia, haana kumira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipa eChina, saka nekufambira mberi kweBuddha kusvika kuchamhembe, lilac yakapararira zvakare.

Icho chiri gwenzi kana muti? Chimiro chechimiro chinoenderana nekuchekerera. Pasinei neizvi, maererano nehuwandu hweilacs - shrubs. Kukura kwemhuka dzakasununguka kune miti yakawanda, iyo yakakwirira kusvika pamamita 8. Nokuda kwekushongedza, kazhinji kuumba gwenzi rinosvibirira remiti 5-15, asi mamwe marudzi anotemwa nenzira yemuti.

MuEurope, lilac yakauya muzana remakore rechi16 pamwe neGreat Silk Road kubva kuPersia. Pakutanga, muti wacho wakasvika kuAustria, uye kubva ikoko wakapararira kune dzimwe nyika. "Persian" lilac yakanga isina kunyanya kunaka, asi yakatora nzvimbo yayo muEurope tsika. Nekubatsirwa kwebazi re lilac, vasikana vakaramba kuva vakaroorana nevatambi vemitambo. Kuzivikanwa kwe shrub kwakawedzera zvikuru muna 1870 Muturi wechiFrance Victor Lemoine akayambuka marudzi maviri emiti uye akagamuchira musanganiswa wakaisvonaka. Kwemakore mazana matatu anotevera, sangano rakagadzirwa nemudzidzi rakabudisa marudzi anopfuura 200 e-lilac.

MuRussia, shrub yakaunzwa pakati pezana remakore re XVIII. Munguva yeSoviet nguva, Leonid Kolesnikov akaita chikamu chikuru kunekurima kunaka. A simple garden gardener, iye anopfuura makore makumi mana akanga achibatanidzwa mukuberekesa marudzi matsva. Zvakaitwa zvake zvakanzwisiswa nehurumende, uye Kolesnikov akagadzwa mutungamiri wevana. Pasi peutungamiri hwake, marudzi anopfuura 300 elalacs akabatwa.

Biological character

Lilac inoreva maitiro ezvitsuwa, mhuri yemirivhi. Shamwari dzake dzepedyo dzakasviba, dzinomirira uye forsythia. Kubvira kune thermophilic hama - maorivhi uye jasmine (iyo inokura munyika dzekumaodzanyemba). Mune mhuka dzomusango muti wacho unowanikwa mumakomo eEurope (kumaodzanyemba), muChina uye muFar East. Kune marudzi anenge makumi matatu emiti yemiti iyi uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvemajarimi nemafuta.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeilac

Yakapararira muRussia ndiwo marudzi anotevera elacs :

1. Amur lilac. Uyu shrub kana muti kusvika mamita makumi maviri kumusoro, uchikura muHarare East nemasango eNegevast China. Maruva machena kana machena, maduku; Blossoms rapera. Kurwisana nechando.
2. Hungarian lilac. Iyo shrub kana muti 4-7 mamita akakwirira, maruva ane ruvara rwepepuru, inflorescences akaparadzaniswa kuva tiers. Iyo isinganzwisisiki kune mamiriro ezvinhu, kusanaya kwemvura, maitiro emunda wemhando mbiri: paya violet uye maruva maruva.
3. Velvety lilac. A small compact shrub, inokura muKorea uye North China. Maruva lilac, ane white velvety calyx; Miriza yakawanda, asi inopfupi pane dzimwe mhuka (anenge mazuva gumi).
4. Lilac ndiPersian. Icho chiduku, chinotumbuka gare gare, chakareba uye chakawanda. Inonzwika ne frost.
5. The lilac of Wolf.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana: Lilac Henry, Lilac hyacinth, chiChinese. Anotaridzika kwazvo anotarisa Hyacinth terry lilac. Uyu muti kana gwenzi, mufananidzo unoratidzwa pasi apa.

Asi iyo inonyanyozivikanwa pakati pevarimi vemiRussia vemizambiringa ndiyo Common Lilac. Yakavakirwa pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana: Primrose, Mwenje yeDonbass, Hope, Congo, Cavour, Vestalka, Amethyst, Moscow Kunakidza, maruva emhando. Masango haana kuzvininipisa mukutarisira, kunyatsoberekwa, kukura nokukurumidza, kwenguva yakareba uye inotumbuka zvikuru, zvinopesana nemamiriro ekunze mumabhanhire epakati.