Industrial robhoti. Marobhoti kubasa. Machine-zvidhori

mano Ava zvino kunyanya kudiwa mune upfumi. Industrial robhoti, zvishoma zvakafanana ayo kumumvuri mubhuku ne Capek kuti "Rise of Zvemabhatiri" - asingadi chekugutsa echimurenga pfungwa. Mukupesana, akazvizadzisa nokutendeka, uye zvakarurama kwazvo, sezvo mukuru kugadzirwa pezvakaitwa (gungano, nomoto, kupenda) uye ebetsero (vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa, ari Kuda kutamba zvibereko munguva mukugadzira, chinja).

Kushandisa michina yakadaro "akangwara" kunobatsira kuti chinobudirira mhinduro mikuru inogadzirwa matambudziko matatu:

• kuwedzera negoho;
• mukuvandudza nokushanda ezvinhu kuti vanhu;
• optimize kushandiswa kwevanhu mari.

Industrial marobhoti - the brainchild ose pamwero mukuru kugadzirwa

Marobhoti kweShanduro massively kupararira mukupera XX remakore nokuda kuwedzera mune maindasitiri kugadzirwa. Large dzakatevedzana kugadzirwa kwakaguma kudiwa zvikuru uye unhu basa iri, chokupika rinopfuura chinangwa dzevanhu kuita. Pane kushandisa zviuru zvakawanda vashandi vane unyanzvi yazvino rwokugadzira miti anoshanda akawanda zvikuru zvoga kugadzirwa mitsetse uchishanda discontinuous rudzi kana kuramba kutenderera.

Vatungamiri kukura michina yakadaro, vachizivisa kushandiswa maindasitiri marobhoti ndivo Japan, USA, Germany, Sweden uye Switzerland. Mapoka makuru Into maviri vakakamurwa kugadzirwa munyika-dzataurwa pamusoro apa, ano maindasitiri marobhoti. Marudzi nhengo takatsunga vaviri vangasimudzira dzakasiyana utariri nzira:

• otomatiki manipulators;
• mano, kure raitungamirirwa murume.

Sei kuzvishandisa?

About kudiwa asika navo vakatanga kutaura pakutanga pamusoro XX remakore. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo haana kurarama ari chinhu umbowo urongwa. Nhasi, vachitevera zvinorayirwa nguva-muchina marobhoti zvinoshandiswa vakawanda kupfuura yemazuva ano akura maindasitiri.

Zvinosuruvarisa kuzodzosera zvokushandisa michina maindasitiri yose yakadaro "akangwara" riri akaoma wakareruka inivhesitimendi. Kunyange zvazvo zvakanakira zvavo kushandisa zvakajeka kusapfuudza kwokutanga mari mari, nekuti ivo vanobvumira here kutaura kwete chete uye kwete zvakawanda pamusoro kushandisa michina, asi pamusoro vachinje kugadzirwa uye basa.

Kushandiswa maindasitiri marobhoti vachaita zvinobudirira nokuita shure-rikkovia munhu kunzwisisa uye kururama: vachizvitakudza / vachidzikisa, kuisira, kufambira, dzidziso wemigove; zvinofamba workpieces kubva robhoti mumwe, uye rakapedzwa zvigadzirwa - kusvikira yokuchengetera zvinhu; gwapa nomoto uye musono nomoto; Ungano zvemaziso uye yemagetsi zvinoriumba; waya achiisa; nokuveza workpieces kunzwisisa gandiwa.

The achifurira sechikamu muindasitiri robhoti

Vakuru zvinosanganisira "akangwara" muchina kwakadaro reprogrammable ACS (otomatiki kudzora maitiro) uye kushanda svikiro (sangano maitiro uye zvokuimba achifurira). Kana ACS yemanyorero tsindirana zvakakwana nemaziso zvakavanzika uye asingauyi kumhanyirira zvakananga kupinda ziso, kushanda Urume ane maonero maitiro akadaro kuti muindasitiri robhoti anowanzodanwa sezvinotevera: ". Ari robhoti achifurira"

By tsanangudzo, kuti achifurira ane mudziyo kuita sangano iri nzvimbo iri kushanda hukawanika uye zvinhu basa. Zviridzwa izvi ine mhando mbiri Links. First nechokwadi kuenderera ari kufamba. Wechipiri - the chisina kutsetseka misha. Kwakadaro kwakajairika dzakabatana nokuda kwayo rwokufamba akashandisa kana pneumatic kana hydraulic (more simba) tikachirega.

Achifurira, vakasikwa Ringanidzo noruoko rwomunhu kushanda zvikamu vakapakata yemazuva ano yemhando gripper. Various mano ichi mhando zvakananga andobata kwaiwanzoitwa zvemaziso minwe. Kana tichishanda sandara hukawanika zvinhu zviri akabatwa nomuviri suckers.

Kana Crane vaifanira kushanda panguva iyoyo vazhinji kwakadaro workpieces, kupambwa akanga kuitwa rinokosha zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa.

Panzvimbo gripper ruoko vanowanzotambura vakapakata Mobile nomoto zvokushandisa, inokosha rwokugadzira pfapfaidzo kana chete sikurudhiraivha.

Sezvo robhoti unotii

Automatic marobhoti kazhinji kujairana zviviri kufamba muchadenga (kunyange zvazvo vamwe vacho mira). It kunobva dzakananga ezvinhu okuwana. Kana zvakafanira kuti nechokwadi anotsvedzerera kwebasa pamusoro, zvinonzi akaziva nokuda achitaura monorail. Kana uchida kushanda pamwero yakasiyana-siyana, shandisa "danho" maitiro pamwe pneumatic kubvisa nemikombe. Anozunungusa robhoti zvakakwana nezvatinovavarira muchadenga, uye chisina kutsetseka Coordinates. Contemporary mano dzakadaro Positioning mano yakabatanidzwa, ivo ine kwacho dzakabatana uye kubvumira kuti mukuru nemazvo zvinofamba workpieces yairema kubva 250 kusvika 4000 makirogiramu.

patani

Kushandiswa zvoga michina runoonekwa kuti dzakasiyana-siyana maindasitiri zvakatungamirira mumwe Standardization yavo inokosha Dzokuvaka. Modern maindasitiri robhoti manipulators vane nepurani yayo:

• mumwe furemu inoshandiswa pagomo detalezahvatyvayuschego mudziyo (gripper), - rudzi "ruoko" chaizvoizvo anoita kugadzira;
• mutsimba mutungamiriri (ekupedzisira kunotema nzvimbo "maoko" iri muchadenga);
• of mudziyo, kutungamirira, vachichinja uye kuparadzira simba ari muchimiro torque pamusoro ekisero (nokuda zvavanokwanisa maindasitiri robhoti anogamuchira sangano);
• kuzvidzora uye kutarisirwa mamiriro aite zvirongwa zvayo; kubvuma zvirongwa zvitsva; kuongorora mashoko awanika kubva sensors, uye, naizvozvovo, uchatamisa kuna pakupa mudziyo;
• ari kushanda chikamu Positioning System nekuyera nzvimbo uye fambisa evanhu namasanhu.

Dawn pakusikwa maindasitiri zvidhori

Kare ichangopfuura kare uye yeuka kuti nyaya akatanga kusikwa maindasitiri otomatiki michina. The marobhoti yokutanga akazviratidza muna US muna 1962, uye ivo vakaitwa nemakambani "Yunimeyshn Incorporated" uye "Versatran". Kunyange, kuva chaiwo, kuti pamberi asi akasunungurwa muindasitiri robhoti "Yunimeyt" akasika neAmerican injiniya J. Devol, patented pachake Sau, programmable vachishandisa chibhakera nemakadhi. Yaiva pachena hwokugadzira budiriro michina "akangwara" nomusoro Coordonatele dzenyu nzira uye aite basa pasi pechirongwa.

Yokutanga maindasitiri robhoti "Yunimeyt" akanga vakashongedzerwa ane mbiri-munwe kubatwa mudziyo pamusoro actuator uye "ruoko" pamusoro hydraulic ngarurege pamwe madhigirii mashanu rusununguko. zvachiri vanobvumirwa kutamira 12-kilogram zvakadzama zvakarurama kusvika 1.25 mm.

Imwe robhoti achifurira "Versatran" vakasikwa chete boka, vapinze uye tutunura 1200 zvidhinha paawa ari yezvidhinha. It yakabudirira kwakatsiva basa revanhu vari zvinokuvadza utano hwavo ezvinhu rurefu tembiricha. Pfungwa yacho zvisikwa kwakaratidza aibudirira, uye design - saka zvakavimbika kuti munhu michina yacho zvizivikanwe uye kuramba kushanda munguva yedu. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti mugove wavo Vakapfuura mazana ezviuru maawa.

Cherechedza kuti midziyo yedzinza rokutanga maindasitiri marobhoti pakukosha vakafungidzira 75% uye 25% makanika Electronics. Kururamiswa akadai mano zvinoda nguva uye chikonzero downtime. Nokuti kutendeuka kumhanya kushanda kwavo idzva kunosanganisira kuchinja purogiramu kuzvidzora.

Wechipiri-chizvarwa robotic michina

Pasina nguva akava pachena: pasinei zvose zvakanakira wokutanga chizvarwa motokari dzakanga kukwana ... chizvarwa chechipiri yakaoneka kwazvo kudzora maindasitiri marobhoti - adaptive. The tanga mano anodiwa streamline zvakatipoteredza umo vaishanda. Zvapedzisira ezvinhu rinowanzoshandiswa ndokuratidza dzakakwirira okuwedzera mari. It vakashorawo kuti kukura vakawanda kugadzirwa.

Chikuva idzva mberi inozivikanwa kukura vakawanda sensors. Uchibatsirwa kwavo robhoti ngavawane yepamusoro inonzi "sensitization". Akatanga kugamuchira mashoko pamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza uye maererano nawo, sarudza yakanakisisa nezvaaiita. Somuenzaniso, kuti vawana unyanzvi kuti kutora chikamu uye kufamba naye akaremara. chiito kwakadaro kunoitika kuonga kuti microprocessor processing mashoko awanika, iyo ndokuzoiswa ari variables purogiramu kuzvidzora, tichitungamirirwa chaicho marobhoti.

Mhando wakaiswa kugadzira kwacho (nomoto, kupenda, gungano,-siyana zvokuimba kubudiswa) vari pasi kwadzakabva. Kureva, kana kuita chimwe nechimwe chazvo anosarudza multi-musiyano wezvinyorwa kuvandudza chero mhando pamusoro apa mabasa.

maindasitiri manipulators utariri dzinowanzotsigi- zvinoitwa software. Hardware kuzvidzora mabasa kushumira maindasitiri Mini-makombiyuta PC / 104 kana MicroPC. Cherechedza kuti adaptive kuzvidzora chakavakirwa-software multivariate. Uye kusarudza ndezverudzii kwebasa chirongwa vagamuchirwa parutivi robhoti pachishandiswa ruzivo pamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza, anorondedzerwa michina.

A maitiro chinoratidza kushanda rudzi rwechipiri robhoti iri akagadzawo asati Kuwanikwa anodawo modes, imwe neimwe iri kusashanda apo vamwe tsika vakawana kubva kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza.

The parudzi rwechitatu zvidhori

wechitatu chizvarwa michina, marobhoti anogona vakazvimirira vaunze chiito kwayo zvichienderana basa uye ezvinhu kwezvakatipoteredza. Havaiti "kubiridzira machira", kureva. E. Painted kwesayenzi zviito zvimwe embodiments, ari kwokunze zvakatipoteredza. Vane anokwanisa kuvaka wako Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri algorithm basa raro, uye kukurumidza dzika payo tsika. zvemagetsi mutengo akadai muindasitiri robhoti iri kagumi kupfuura ayo zvemaziso nhengo.

The ichangobva robhoti, akatakura kubata mashoko kuburikidza sensors, "anoziva" sei zvakanaka zvaakaita. Uyezve, pane mitemo pachayo inobaya mwoyo simba (simba inofambiswa) zvichienderana fragility kwemashoko zvinhu. Zvichida ichi ndicho chikonzero nei chizvarwa chitsva maindasitiri marobhoti mudziyo unonzi akangwara.

Sezvaunoziva, kuti "pfungwa" kuti mudziyo uyu yezvinhu kudzora kwaro. The vaizotibata ndechokuti murau, kunze maererano nzira chakagadzirwa njere.

Intelligence kumbira michina izvi package mafomu, programmable zvisingarambiki controllers, simulation nematurusi. In anogadzira zvinhu maindasitiri marobhoti vari networked kupa zvakakodzera nenhanho nekuita wegadziriro "murume - muchina". Kufungidzira kushanda mano aya yemberi zvokushandisa dzakabudirira kunokwana chinozoiswa Software simulation unokubvumira kusarudza zvakanaka kusarudza kuti chiito uye configuration iri riine pemambure.

Munyika vaitungamirira makambani zvibereko zvidhori

Nhasi, kushandiswa maindasitiri marobhoti chinotsigirwa kutungamirira mapoka, kusanganisira Japanese (Fanuc, Kawasaki, Motoman, OTC Daihen, Panasonic), American (KC Zvemabhatiri, Triton Manufacturing, Kaman Corporation), German (Kuka).

Chii makambani aya vanozivikanwa munyika? The Fanuc twa - the uchitsanya kufambidzana, Delta robhoti M-1iA (michina yakadaro yaiwanzoshandiswa kavha), simba zvikuru kupfuura marobhoti Serial nhamba - M-2000iA, akaziva pose robotic welders ArcMate.

No zvishoma kudiwa maindasitiri marobhoti mu mukugadzira, wakabudiswa Kuka. Michina iyi kuita pamwe zvakarurama German machine, nomoto, gungano, kavha, palletizing, loading.

Chinoshamisa lineup wechiJapanese-American kambani Motoman (Yaskawa), uchishanda pamusika American vari: 175 yemashoko maindasitiri marobhoti, uyewo zvinopfuura 40 Integrated mhinduro. Industrial marobhoti anoshandiswa mukugadzira muUnited States, vakawanda vavo vari akaita chaizvo kutungamirira boka iri kwayo indasitiri.

Mamwe makambani anomiririrwa nesu kugara niche dzavo mukugadzira rakamanikana zvakawanda unyanzvi zviridzwa. Somuenzaniso, Daihen uye Panasonic nomoto marobhoti kubereka.

Nzira kuronga zvoga kugadzirwa

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro sangano iri zvoga gadzira, yakaoma mutsetse musimboti rakatangwa pakutanga. Zvisinei, zviri panguva zvakakwana kumhanya ari kugadzirwa kutenderera ane chinokosha drawback - downtime nokuda kukundikana. The muhombe Michina yagadzirwa serimwe rinogona kutsiva. Kana sangano zvinopfakanyika mudenderedzwa okuwana uye workpiece, uye mutsetse pachayo zvoga (robotic). Michina iyi nyaya anogona kutevedzera mabasa uye malfunctions apo anenge chapedzwa. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi nokukurumidza akarasika. An akanaka musiyano wezvinyorwa pakuronga mutoo - munhu chemasanganiswa of pamusoro maviri. Inonzi muhombe-conveyor.

Industrial robhoti somunhu chinhu aida kuchinja zvoga kugadzirwa

Modern mano "akangwara" nokukurumidza reconfigured, zvikuru zvibereko uye kushanda vakazvimirira kushanda Via kugadzirwa kwayo, kubudiswa zvinhu uye blanks. Zvichienderana chaizvo kushandiswa, vanogona kushanda rimwe chirongwa, uye kusiyanisa basa rake, kureva. E. Pakusarudza kubva ngadzirambe kwazvo zvinodiwa mapurogiramu.

Industrial robhoti chinhu constituent chinhu pamusoro kusanduka zvoga kugadzirwa (mureza abbreviations - gwanza). Mumakore achangopfuura, kunosanganisirawo:

• Hurongwa, iyo Ichibatsirwa patani;
• kunzwisisa zvoga kudzora muzvigadzirwa michina kugadzirwa;
• Industrial robhoti manipulators;
• rwoga achimhanya inogadzirwa motokari;
• mudziyo kuita vachizvitakudza / vachidzikisa uye placement;
• achitonetsekawo kugadzirwa muitiro;
• zvoga kugadzirwa zvakanaka.

Verenga zvimwe pamusoro kushandiswa chaikwo zvidhori

Real maindasitiri mafomu vari yemhando marobhoti. Mhando akasiyana, uye inopa yakakwirira waivako sokuronga nzvimbo inokosha pamusoro indasitiri. Zvikurukuru, zvakawanda ano zvoupfumi German chikwereti chacho ichikura rine chikumbiro chavo. In chii sectors vari kushanda "vashandi simbi" izvi? In rwekushanda nesimbi vanoita zvinenge pezvakaitwa zvose: Kudzingwa, nomoto, nokuchengetedza, achivimbisa soro nenhanho yepamusoro.

Kukanda sezvinoita bazi yokunyanyisa ezvinhu kuti basa kwevanhu (zvichireva matunhu tembiricha kusvibiswa) dzinongoita robotized. Michina kubva Kuka vakatasva kunyange foundries.

Zvokudya Indasitiri vagamuchirawo kubva Kuka zvokushandisa kugadzirwa zvinangwa. "Food marobhoti" (mufananidzo akurukurwa munyaya), nokuti vakawanda yakatsiva nevanhu munzvimbo chaizvo ezvinhu. Michina nevakawanda maindasitiri kuti vanopa microclimate rinopisa aine tembiricha isingadariki 30 Celsius mukamuri. Stainless simbi marobhoti sowakajeka kurapwa nyama munyaya kugadzirwa nomukaka zvigadzirwa, uyewo, chokwadi, ukapisa murwi uye mumapepa zvigadzirwa optimally.

Zvakaoma kuona mupiro vakadai mano mune Automotive indasitiri. Nyanzvi vanobvuma kuti kupfuura simba uye zvibereko michina nhasi kunyatsotaura marobhoti kuti "Cook kuti". Photos mano kupa rizere-siyana motokari gungano kushandiswa, chaizvo. Muchiitiko chino, inguva here nezvazvo zvoga kugadzirwa.

mapurasitiki kugadzira, mapurasitiki kusunungurwa, anogadzira zvinhu zvakaoma akaumbwa zvikamu akagadzirwa zvakasiyana nezvinhu zvinopa marobhoti mukurima chaizvoizvo zvinokuvadza kusvibiswa kwevanhu utano.

Imwe nzvimbo inokosha kushanda vezvikwata "Cook kuti" ndiyo huni. Uye anorondedzerwa se mano zvinopa chokupika nomumwe mirairo uye kugadzwa pamwero mukuru dzakatevedzana kurimwa mumatanho zvose - kubvira chikuru kubudiswa uye kucheka azvikuya, kuchera, kukuya.

mitengo

Pari kuRussia uye Kishi musika charehwa kunotangira makambani Kuka uye Fanuc marobhoti. Prices navo siyana 25 000 kusvika 800 000 rubles. Izvi Extension chaizvo akatsanangura nokuvapo dzakasiyana mienzaniso: mureza chiedza-basa (5-15 kg), inokosha (chaiyo zvinetso), specialized (kushanda kujairika ezvinhu), rinorema-basa motokari (kusvika 4000 m).

zvakawanikwa

Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti zvinogona kushandiswa maindasitiri marobhoti dzichiri haana kuitawo zvakazara. Panguva iyoyowo zvinoitwa nenyanzvi, michina yemazuva kubvumira kuziva zvakawanda ushingiwo pfungwa.

Kudikanwa kuwedzera negoho munyika upfumi uye maximize mugove zvedzidzo kwevanhu basa muri incentives yakasimba zvakawanda mhando itsva uye kugadziriswa pakati maindasitiri marobhoti.