Ancient Russia: Clothing. Zvipfeko muRussia: vakadzi, varume, vana

Vanyori venhau dzakaitika asina kubvumirana sei kutarisa Russian kwechiSlavonic yaitonga mbatya, sezvo panguva iyoyo madzinza vaigara ainyanya kubva dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana, kazhinji musango Nzvimbo uye voga. Zvisinei, pane mazano kuti mbatya mumazuva iwayo zvaiva nyore uye pachinzvimbo monotonous. The yokupedzisira anokonzerwa ndechokuti koteji indasitiri micheka Panguva iyoyo chaizvo nguva, sezvo pakanga rakapotsa pasina michina nzira anogadzira zvinhu wenguo zvinhu.

About mbatya dzekare akaramba mashoko shoma

Public dzidzo Ancient Rus kwevanhu zvipfeko iyo iri kuramba ichiva siyana kusvikira kuonana nevamwe vanhu, akatanga kutora chimiro muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe AD. Vasati iyi, mashoko pamusoro pakuonekwa Slavs usingashandi sezvo wenguvo zvinhu panguva iyoyo vakaitwa dzinongoitika nezvinhu, makemikari residues zvisina kuchengetwa kwenguva refu. Uyewo, yeuka kuti 6-9 remakore AD panguva Slav yaiva tsika kupisa muviri pamberi kuvigwa, saka muna makuva zvisinganyanyi vakasara zvakanyunguduka simbi zvishongo kana zvipfeko. kana vakati, Somuenzaniso, Pavaichera muTestamende Ladoga yakawanikwa mapfupa ganda kuti achadzorera Zvinoonekwa magiravhusi uye zvakadai majombo, masokisi, inopfekwa madzibaba edu Vanochera rombo bedzi kakati.

Hondo iyoyo bhurukwa

In vatorwa zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa kusvikira rechi10 remakore AD, hapana panotaurwa sei kutarisira necheSalvic uye nguo Russian. Izvi hazvina kunyorwa kana Byzantine vanyori, kana Arab zvinyorwa. P. Kesarsky chete vanotaurwa remakore rechitanhatu kuti Slavs (kubva muBalkans) kuenda kuhondo muna chete manyorerwo unokutakwairirai kutapudzwa, pasina nejasi kana nguo pamusoro. Gare gare, apo Slavs akawana itsva musiyano wezvinyorwa yomutauro zvakanyorwa, masayendisiti pachishandiswa zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa mukana kuziva sei zvakanaka kutarisa iyoyo vanhu, zvichida kupfuura inozvikudza vavo.

Kings vaipfeka hembe

Ndezvipi avo pasi vane masimba ari Rus yekare? Clothing Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych kuratidzwa mumufananidzo vari Izbornik 1073, ane mano vakatongoparadzwa. Chinhu refu, pazasi ibvi, imwe hembe, iyo neminda pamusoro jasi ane zipi pamafudzi. Pamusoro penyika yomuchinda ngowani, anofungidzirwa pamwe mbava naro kudimburira pamusoro makumbo pointy majombo. Vemumhuri yake, vamire pedyo, akapfeka hembe rakasungirirwa nemabhandi. Mudzimai Svyatoslav hembe dzinenge pasi, musoro wake sikavha. Vana zvipfeko uri mwana muduku ari maduku kopi mukuru. Vanakomana Yaroslav vake vaipfeka zvakafanana majasi pamwe uketani uye, ungangotarisa, vaiva vanonzi "zvengarava" - asi yakamanikana inotakwairira tambo iri muhudyu. Wenguvo zvinhu mumufananidzo vari kupendwa mune yakatsvukuruka mashava matauriro.

Clothing yakaitwa pamusoro pachirukiso

Nyanzvi dzinoti chiedza zvipfeko Kiev Rus kwaro guru rakanga chena, sezvo prehistoric nguva necheSalvic wenguvo zvinhu zvinogadzirwa kubva neshinda uye hemp fibers waiita chena (grayish kana apo kukwana bleaching). Nechekare muna 6-9 emakore madzinza Northern Russia kuziva chii pachirukiso dzaibva kumusoro mhando, uye kumaodzanyemba akawana zvinhu zvake mazera 9-10, vaivapupurira pamusoro mukana kushanda uri chinjikira revaruki.

Kuwedzera mucheka uye hemp akamendwa Slavs achishingaira kushandiswa uye shinda, zvisaririra zvacho vaakawana kuvigwa pazvikomo muEast. Kuwedzera, nokuda okunze zvechadenga kukurumbira hombe vakanakidzwa mbava zvipfeko. Tailors nguva kare anokwanisa Musono pamwe akawanda dzematehwe zvinhu makuru. Kuti "jasi" Bere matehwe vaiwanzogara, mabheya, makwai, uye okugadziridza (lining) yakanga Sable, otter, Beaver, tsindi, Chidembo, the marten. Zvechokwadi, muna furs zvinodhura akafamba chete nhengo kwamachinda. MuRussia, vakakwanisa kubata mhuka dzakasiyana uye ganda (kusukuta matehwe chirimwa okunze, etc ..), Saka zvipfeko varume muna Russia zvaisanganisira pamakumbo mabhandi, magiravhusi nematehwe shangu (nokuti vamwe nhengo population). Slavs kazhinji akapfeka dehwe kubva nematehwe mhou kana mbudzi kupfuura kubva bhiza rinomuvanza.

Kunyange kuchitonhora chinowanzoitika vafuke manyatera

Chii chakanga vafuke Ancient Rus? Mbatya dzakagadzirwa dzinongoitika nezvinhu, vakawanda vacho muno kuchitonhora mwaka ... vaisanganisa bast shangu uye windings pamusoro makumbo, vari mukuru mhando shangu (muzhizha chinowanzoitika aende asina shangu). Special zvikorekedzo kugadzira bast vematongo kuwana mumwe neolithic nzvimbo, saka Ungangove, mienzaniso iyi vaiva Slavs uye Slavs yekare. Lapti akagadzira Sezvaitarisirwa kubva omuti nemiti zvakasiyana-siyana uye vakanga neiznosostoykimi chaizvo. At yakazotevera kumwedzi, kwakaonekwa kuti murume akapfeka shangu munguva yechando kwemazuva gumi, uye panguva yekukohwa yezhizha - isingasviki vhiki. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna shangu kwakadaro vakafamba kunyange Red Army ari 30s remakore rechi20, uye workpiece Bast uto zvinangwa ichitongwa rinokosha komiti - "Chekvolap".

In temberi - chete necheSalvic nguo!

Slavs, iyo yaigarwa yekare Russia (mbatya neshangu kuti murege anosiyana-siyana kwazvo), asi kuremekedza kwayo nyore wenguo. Somuenzaniso, mu "Shoko Danily Zatochnika" akataura kuti "zvingava nani taona rutsoka rwake lychenitse (bast) mumba mako pane vari murima tsvuku majombo musi Boyarsky Dvor". Uye mutungamiriri Czech Slavs huzivikanwe chokwadi kuti haana kwaari pamabiko pashure Mambo Dagobert German, kusvikira iye akachinja necheSalvic zvipfeko. The zvinoitirwa yaakavingwa mumiririri nabhishopi, German Gerimanna kuti asati kushanyira temberi mutaundi Triglav kusimuka, akanga achinja necheSalvic jasi uye ngowani (1124 BC. E.).

Vakadzi vagara vakada zvishongo

About kuti sechigaro nevakadzi zvipfeko muRussia pakutanga yokuberekwa Russian statehood, vanochera matongo vanoomerwa kutaura. Wagara waziva nezvaro kuti manyorero hazvina zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva evanhu hembe, asi akanga zvichida zvikuru kwazvo dzakamendwa uye hwakareba. Mumusoro vakadzi prototypes pamusoro corbel, epanyama zvindori pamutsipa - kazhinji yebhuruu kana zvakasvibirira magirazi marozari. Ishoma vari zvamaoko, mhete. In yechando, pavasikana vaipfeka makushe majasi capes netambo, akadai namaapuroni - "ponyavy" kuti yaichengetedza rezasi muviri shure uye mativi. Kuvapo kwavo wakanyorwa remakore rechi11 AD.

The simba revamwe inoti

Sezvo dzichiri kutaura pakati dzimwe nyika uye rinoti Yekare Rus, kuti Slavs nguo vakava zvakawanda siyana pamwe machira matsva, maitiro kuswedera uye weboka vanhu kupinda zvakasiyana akaturikidzana. Somuenzaniso, mune pre-Mongolian Russia (makore 10-13) Chitarisiko Russian uzivewo yakawanda Byzantine yakambotora netsika dzavo refu inoyerera Shirts, majasi pamwe nezvikorekedzo. Uye vanhuwo zvavo, zvikurukuru vakadzi, nezveizvi pachena "epuroni" - nyore nhindi jira, akapeta nepakati, pamwe buri musoro, yaakanga akafuka inokosha hembe akasunga (parutivi vazvo panguva epuroni haana). On mazororo pavasikana vakanga "navershniki" rejira dzakarukwa, iyo epuroni zvinopfekwa pamusoro hembe kana majasi uye kumiririrwa pasina bhandi ne paupamhi dzisimbe. Inenge zvose hanzu Kievan Rus yaipfekwa pamusoro musoro uye akanga rake chipika (vaiva venhema).

Clothing Mongol varwi

Tatar-Mongol kubvuta akasiya mumwe nokukwereta mumunda zvinhu tsika, iyo kukanganiswa nzira zvakanga zvipfeko muRussia muna inotevera remakore. zvinhu zvakawanda wenguvo masoja Mongolian vaive varume Russian, kusanganisira majombo pamwe vainzwa masokisi pamwe earflaps ngowani, nguo mbiri akaturikidzana ose makushe (kwokunze uye nechomukati), bloomers kwakaita jasi, skullcap (tafi), nemabhande, mabhandi uye nevamwe.

Akasiyana hembe kubva nguo Moscow Rus Kievan Rus?

Chipfeko rechi15 apo wechiTatar-Mongol joko rakaparadzwa, uye Russia akava kuMoscow hugota, izvozvo zvachinja maererano zera, asi zvikurukuru nokuda boyars, vanokudzwa uye vanhu vomuguta. In iyi, sutu anoramba dzinokosha zviri dzokupfeka Kievan Rus - hembe uye zviteshi vanhu neotreznoy akacheka wenguo zvinhu, yakawanda urefu, asi kune zviratidzo itsva mufashoni. Izvi zvinosanganisira, zvikurukuru, vanogona kunzi pakuvapo cloakrooms uku zvipfeko. Vakadzi, izvozvo unzips kuti pasi varume - kubva muchiuno kumusoro uye yaipiwa kekutanga kirasipi "garo" achishandisa hinji nembambo. Gare gare wakaumba nzira kodzero kubva kumusoro pauriri kuruboshwe, nokuda kuti zvivanakire fasteners akadaro hondo varume Saber.

Nyepera dzisimbe uye nezvakarukwa nendarama

Around iyi, pane isiri kushanda masangano ari nguvo kwamachinda. Izvi zvinosanganisira multi-pepuranga Kumbofungatira uketani uye dzisimbe, izvo, semuenzaniso ohabne, rakasungirwa pamukova shure, kusimbisa chokwadi kuti muridzi nguvo haina vaiita rinorema basa. Rich vanhu vanogona kupfeka akaturikidzana shoma nguvo, kunyange inopisa mwaka. Panguva wenguvo zvinhu vaiwanzosungwa zvakabatanidzwa ari kuvhara zvachose. Yokupedzisira kwakatungamirira kuti hembe zvaiva zvakawanda zvinhu zvishongo yakati sandara, kusanganisira kushongedzwa maparera, mabwe anokosha, dzakarukwa nendarama nesirivha waya, mabhatani chakagadzirwa nendarama, sirivha, enamel nematombo anokosha.

Yakanga Russian wenguvo nguva uye zvinhu kuti asimbise vamwe kana zvimwe zvivako zviri chimiro. Izvi zvinosanganisira chikwama muchiuno bhegi ( "Kalita"), iro varwi vaiva muchiuno ane tetepa mufananidzo uye boyars - pamusoro muhudyu ane chinokosha bindepinde nguvo, nekuti kuzara kwezvakatipoteredza ichi vanokosheswa zvikuru kwazvo sechiratidzo upenyu huzere.

Sechigaro chevana vapfeke iyoyo, Moscow Russia - harizivikanwi. Ungangove, zvakanga zvakare ari nyore kopi zvivezwa vakura. Asi vakadzi 'fashoni nguva ivhu kunge akafuridzirwa vemifananidzo zhinji kusika ounyanzvi yakanaka (Korovin, Repin, Surikov). Panguva mwoyo yose wenguo zvakare muvete hembe, akawedzera downwards nokuda wedges (upamhi aigona kusvika pasi kusvika 6 metres!). Rakaitwa nedonje kana sirika micheka (vanhuwo - zvakare kubva neshinda) uye dzakaunganidza pahuro.

Fashionable suit ... yairema panguva 15 makirogiramu

Pamusoro hembe yaipfekwa sundress Brightcloth nezvakarukwa micheka pamwe wehunyambiri mutsetse pakati, iyo musi yakamanikana kazhinji yakasungirirwa pamwe anosungira uye pasi zamu. zvipfeko Top vakadzi muzana remakore rechi16, Russia Aimiririrwa "dushegreya" pamusoro Micheka mavara kuti vari Aidavirawo pamafudzi anosungira. Mumazuva ari Moscow Russia vakadzi vakaramba kupfeka ekare nguo zvinhu -. Pamipendero, epuroni, epuroni, etc. Vamiririri mhuri vakapfuma vaipfeka "Letnik", kazhinji vane Beaver chipika nechishongo, telogreyu mbava. Kubva heti kukurumbira akanakidzwa "kava" - nejira wrap uye kokoshnik, muchando - chivharo pamwe Trim. noblewoman nguo dzakanga dzinenge nguva dzose nepritalennymi vasonanidza kubva Micheka zvinodhura pamwe embroideries zhinji, uye avo uremu kunogona kusvika kusvika 15 makirogiramu. In ichi nguo mudzimai aiva kunofambira mberi, zvakadini, pamwe akakura mufananidzo, izvo rinoenderana fashoni uye dzemunharaunda mufambiro nguva.

Rechi17 mbatya remakore mu Russia zvavo zvakanga zvakafanana nguo dzokutambura emakore, asi paivawo nevamwe zvitsva zvinoriumba. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupinda mufashoni kwazvo maoko, puckered panguva chiningoningo mune vakadzi kupfeka, kwakapararira shushunov - sundresses, uko necheshure vasonanidza nyepera maoko maviri refu. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vakaona kuti kubvira muzana remakore rechi17 vakasvika nokurongerwa chanaka ubvise mupendero sundress wayo Kutsakatika kubva jira kumberi. Foreign fashoni Rus munguva iyi kunetseka duku kukurumbira akanakidzwa machira matsva chete uye munhu okunze, akadai nguvo wePolish. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Russian nzanga kushingaira vaishora pakatanga Peter Mukuru mukuvamba remakore rechi18, "German" fashoni, sezvo aronga outfits, rakarukwa uye mararamiro Hakupindirani emakore nzira uye nezvemaitiro zvipfeko weRussia.