Dnestr Moldavian Republic: mepu, hurumende, mutungamiri, mari uye History

Pashure pokuwa eumambo nyika, iyo dzatora wechitanhatu wenyika, inoumbwa muzvizhinji kuzvimirira rinoti vari pakarepo zvatiomera zhinji. Uye kunyange vamwe nyika anoramba kuziva. Ndicho Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. Zvinonzi inogarwa nevanhu vakashinga vairamba yose "yakabudirira" vanhu kwete chete, asiwo akapikisa kumanikidza apindure. Zvisinei, nhoroondo wehurumende ichi haina kuzivikanwa zvose unofadza zvikuru. Kuonekwa kwake panyika mepu yakafanira kwete chete kune kuda chavagari, asiwo yapfuura zviitiko. It saka chinoitika kuti nzvimbo iyi sezvo namasere remakore vakapinda Russian Empire. Asi ngationei yokunyatsoongorora zvishoma kupinda kare zvakadzama.

Sei kugadzira nzvimbo

History of Transnistria haasi akasiyana zvikuru nezvinoitwa dzakapoteredza. Munguva dzekare, nzvimbo yakanga dzakati vakawanda. Kumboda akararama pano necheSalvic uye Turkic namarudzi. Panguva iyoyo, nzvimbo yaiva chikamu Kievan Rus, zvakanzi ipapo vanobatanidzwa Galicia-Volyn kwavabati. Muzana XIV remakore nyika wakapfuurira Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania. Sezvo vagari vashoma, ipapo achichinja kubva pasi mumwe chepasi mumwe haasi kunyanya kukanganisa vanhu. Chete nemasere remakore, mushure Data raitwa panzvimbo yeRussian Empire akatanga kuchinja. Kuchengetedza muganhu kuchengeteka, hurumende yakakurudzira yokutama vagari munzvimbo idzi. Vagari vemo nemakambani. Pakati vaigaramo vakasangana vokuBulgaria uye Russian, vokuGermany uye vaGiriki, uye, chokwadi, vokuMoldova. Pashure pokuchinja, vokuMoldova zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic chakatangwa munzvimbo. Yaiva chikamu Ukrainian SSR. Yakanga chete muna 1939, apo Romania akamanikidzwa kudzokera mubatanidzwa anga dzatorwa, rakavambwa Moldavian SSR, yaisanganisira zvose nyika Data. Kuti tinzwisise zvikonzero vanhu vanogara mundima, haana kuramba chikamu Moldova itsva iyo, zvakakosha kuziva nhoroondo yacho.

Industrial Complex Órgãos

Pashure paumbwe Moldavian zviremera akatanga kutumira nyanzvi pano kubva dzeSoviet. Zvikurukuru isu akavakazve nharaunda kuitwa Ukrainians uye Russian. Nezvikonzero zvematongerwe enyika, zviri pano kuti akasika guru maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Pakazosvika nguva yaro inotungamirwa kwayo ano muchimiro Pridnestrovie akapa 40% kubva GDP, 90% of nemagetsi. Uyezve, hwakanga hwakavakirwa rechi14 chingashamwaridzana hondo Chokwadi, zvakakwana kwezvivako akasikwa. Zvakaratidza kuti nhasi ari Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic yakaomerera munharaunda yayo anenge yose maindasitiri zvinogona munyika, yakaumbwa pashure pokuwa USSR.

Official, asi haana kuzivikanwa kuumbwa hurumende itsva

Chiitiko chakaitika apo nyika yedu yakapfuura huru Zvaparara migove namashanu. Kureva, nokupesana ichi kwave kuzivikanwa UN, asi kwete vanhu. Sezvo Moldova ave nhoroondo raumbwa kubva mundima mbiri dzakasiyana chaizvo, vagari vemo yakakamurwa mu "mumisasa". Center vaiona ndima yose. Chete muna Pridnestrovie akabata maonero akasiyana. MSSR paramende rakagamuchira "Declaration of Independence", iro anobva audza kubata mutemo pamusoro paumbwe zvokuvhoterwa mukati Union. Asi chimwe sokunge vasunungurwe munharaunda Transdniestria hurumende ukama hutsva nyika sezvo waibatanidzwa muparamende Moldavian akadzima chisarudzo charo. In Tiraspol, kwete akanyonganisa uye akaparidza wechishanu November 1991 PMR (zvizere zita - the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic) kuti kunzwisisa kwavo kwakanga kare zvikuru nomusoro.

Administrative - miganhu kupesana

PMR ari unitary zvokuvhoterwa, chinosanganisira administrative muzvikamu nomwe. Vanosanganisira maruwa shanu uye maguta maviri, kuteerera zvokuvhoterwa. It - Bender uye Tiraspol. Dnestr Moldavian Republic (yaifananidzira pamusoro) ine yayo ehurumende zviratidzo. Flag ane mureza Red zvakasvibirira ubvise pakati. Pakona dziri vayambuka sando uye rinopinza. Mundima ino pane maguta sere nemisha mazana mana matatu misha mana njanji zvechitima. Chikamu misha iri pasi kwokubatsira Moldova. Muna 2011, vanhu vakapfuura marudzi zviuru mazana mashanu namakumi matatu namashanu. Vazhinji vanhu (40%) funga pachavo vokuMoldova, Ukrainians - 26%, Russian - 24%. PMR hurumende inoshandisa mitauro mitatu pamutemo ndakanzwisisa vamiririri zvikuru madzinza. chitendero Main - chiKristu, kunyange zvazvo basa uye mamwe mapoka nokutenda-kwakavakirwa.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Transdniestrian Republic of Moldova (wake muenzi kadhi munyaya) iri zvakakwana rakamanikana kanyika nyika sandwiched pakati Moldova uye Ukraine. Haana kuenda kugungwa. Nzvimbo munyika ino - 4163 mativi makiromita. Nokuti bhuku: chegumi aimbova Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic.

PMR President Anoshanda Tiraspol, guta guru renyika. Ikokowo dziri hurumende masangano ose. The Nzvimbo iri sandara, dzimwe nguva pane matanda. Land Holdings ine kushanda ivhu dema. Okunze unozvidzora Continental, kunonaya hazvina kukwana, asi kurima haikuvadzi, sezvo vakawanda rwizi runoyerera nomunharaunda - Dniester. Mukuwedzera, zvicherwa uye ane zvokuvhoterwa. PMR ari kugadzira magirazi sand, deposits ose mavhu uye reraimu chivakwa. Pane zvedongo ivhu. Mumasango kuti iri mujinga ari Dniester River, zvinowanikwa mhuka musii, hwari, tsuro, otter, gava, ermine. River kuwanisa hove iri mvura miviri uye Sturgeon.

Vachinetsana Moldova

The rinozviti mamiriro haina kuzivikanwa somunhu makirisito chikamu aimbova Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, izvo, maererano UN tsananguro, ane mutsivi ayo zviri pamutemo. The kunetsana kwenguva refu nguva vakaedza kugadzirisa. ZvomuMoldova Utungamiri Chirongwa runyararo akasikwa, maererano izvo PMR aifanira kuumba wake "asymmetric mubatanidzwa". Kutaura zvazviri, gwaro vakaramba rusununguko kundima, zvakanga zviri pamutemo kuva chikamu Moldova, kunyange vane paupamhi-siyana masimba. Tiraspol akaramba kuroorwa nokuti kwaibva nheyo demilitarization, zviri zvachose risingadiwi veruzhinji. Paiva nokutyisidzirwa chakakomba kurwisana nezvombo.

Pari, kuchengeteka rinotsigirwa nezvinoitwa peacekeepers, dzinomiririrwa Russian, zvomuMoldova uye nemakanzuru nemauto. Pasinei kuramba kwakadzama pasi auspices ari OSCE, kuti kuderedza makakatanwa hazvibviri kuita. Wokupedzisira chinozunguzirwa yaiva muchirimo 2014, apo vagari vemo vakatendeukira kuna purezidhendi Russia ine chikumbiro chisarudzo pamusoro accession weRussia kuna PMR. chiitiko ichi chakaitika mushure Crimean yechirimo. Rakafuridzirwa vanhu vaifunga kuti ivo vachava mukana kubatanidza yavo munhoroondo yokumusha. Kare muna 2006, makumi mapfumbamwe nomwe muzana vagari akavhotera kwete rusununguko kuMoldova, asiwo mamwe kupinda Russian Federation. Panguva iyoyo akavhotera manomwe nevasere muzana vavhoti. Asi referendamu "yakabudirira munharaunda" vakaziva undemocratic.

PMR President

Nyika ine Bumbiro kwayo, izvo anosarudza Kurongeka uye chimiro ivepo. Maererano nomurayiro inokosha, kuti PMR President anosarudzwa nevanhu zvakananga vhoti. Sarudzo dzinoitwa pamakore mashanu. Pane mitemo zvichatozadzika. kushandisirwa musarudzo. Chinzvimbo ichi vanogona kushandisa chete mugari reRepublic uyo kuenzana makore matatu namashanu, anopfuura gumi vavo munyika ino. Zvino purezidhendi PMR - Shevchuk Yevgeny Vasilyevich. It ane nowakautangira, uyo akashanda munzvimbo iyi kwemakore makumi maviri. It Smirnov Igor Nikolaevich, vane mugove aregedza yakawanda nematambudziko vachigara munyika hakusi chakaipa. Okupedzisira sarudzo wenyika dzakaitwa muna 2011.

upfumi

Pasinei chokwadi kuti pane guru maindasitiri emakambani, havafaniri kupa munhu mari munyika. Pakati matambudziko anotaurwa wokutanga mamiriro ehurumende. Hazvina kuzivikanwa kuti kunotadzisa kuvaka kwoupfumi ukama uye kubatanidzwa zvikuru muzvirongwa. Production makambani vanotengeswa pamusoro munharaunda muUkraine uye Russia. Last PMR raramba rutsigiro. Somuenzaniso, mabhuku akawanda anoratidza nokusingaperi-kukura chikwereti ari harimboonekwi mamiriro negasi (400 muzana GDP). Currency Transnistria - the Transnistrian Ruble. It akatanga kubudisa muna 2005. In wokufambisa muri zvikwereti denominated 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 uye 500 rubles. Panewo mari of Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, sezvinotevera: 5, 10, 25 uye 50 cent. The rwezvemabhengi Hurongwa, uyewo dzimwe nyika, maviri weDanho. tanga The - rudzi sangano, wechipiri - yezvokutengeserana. Currency of Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic anongotaurwa chete mundima yayo. Hwakabatana pamwe chete mamiriro ari harimboonekwi wehurumende.

ushanyi zvinogona

Republic ari kuedza kukwezva makambani. Purogiramu inokosha iyi. Gwaro Izvi zvinobatsira kuti guru nzvimbo uye zvakanaka dzakabudirira chokufambisa nemamiriro mamiriro. Uyezve, pane nhamba dzomumisha akapfuma munhoroondo. The chikuru kwavari - Kamenka, uko vazhinji mapurani sezvivako. Pakati pavo: machechi, tenuka uye wedzimba dzewaini. Residents nomufaro kuratidza vashanyi Manor Field Marshal P. H. Vitgenshteyna, chikamu iyo rachengetedzwa muguta. Muna PMR (mufananidzo) iri hunhu kuchengeterwa - "Iagorlic". Parizvino vaiona mukana kukura munyika munyoro tourism, uko tinokwanisa yakakwana. Vashanyi vanokurudzira hazvo kuona Church of St. Paraskeva kuSerbia, riri mumusha Valea Adîncă miziyamu yakaoma "Bendery Fortress". Residents vari yakarurama kudada paleontological kunzwisisa "Kolkotovaya danda", ndiwo zvakasikwa Monument wenyika kukosha.

mumagariro kuchengetedzwa

PMR hurumende inobhadhara pedyo kuteerera nyaya dzidzo uye utano. dzidzo A-gore mipfumbamwe zvairayirwa. Total munyika unoshanda zana nemakumi masere nemana chikoro (nhanhatu - private). Mukudzidzisa matatu namatatu mutauro zvomuMoldova, muna matatu - muna wokuUkraine, mune dzimwe - muna Russian. The TMR matatu State University, mukuwedzera, pane mapazi Russian uye Ukrainian kumayunivhesiti. Somuenzaniso, University (chikoro chinokosha) vakanyoresa vadzidzi gumi nezviviri. Vechiduku vanogona kuwana dzidzo yepamusoro kuRussia, iyo anoona chitupa chavo. Healthcare unoshanda kuburikidza pachena mari. Maererano nenhamba, pano tine zana namakumi maviri nomumwe zana utano nenyanzvi mibhedha por zviuru gumi kwevanhu. Kune nzvimbo basa vamwe Mapato vemunyika, kusanganisira vakadzi navanaamai vanevana, zvirema World War II.

tengeserana

State kunze kwenyika dzavo zvinhu uye pakugadzira zvinhu. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira simende, mavhu, jecha. More pamusoro kunze kwenyika vari zvivezwa pamusoro ferrous simbi, zvokuimba engineering, simba uye Textiles. Vazhinji zvigadzirwa vari ukapisa Russian Federation uye Ukraine. Asi kunewo vamwe kubva kwose. Uyu Siriya Turkey, Serbia uye Romania, vanenge zana nyika chete. PMR Zvinhu chete negasi feedstock nokuda metallurgia indasitiri, mafuta kugadzira zvinhu. The nyika yakabereka zvakakwana zvinoriumba kuti zvokuimba engineering, naivowo vane kuunzwa.

Uyezve, dzimwe zvinogadzirwa zvokudya vari kutorwa kubva kunze kwenyika (kunyanya nyama zvigadzirwa). Huru bhizimisi vane Russia uye Kazakhstan Enterprises kweMoldova uye Germany, Ukraine uye Italy. Hurumende iri kunetseka kuti kupinzwa pfuura zvikuru kunze kwenyika kubva munyika. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya zvokudya. A chirongwa kutanga kugona kwavo, dzinongoitika zvinhu zvose zvakanaka.

dzidziso uto

The TMR ine mauto ayo zvombo, akasika kungotaurwa kudzivirira nharaunda yayo kubva kwokunze kurwisa. Military Dzidziso of Republic chinopiwa se evasingatombonamati kuzvidzivirira. Zvinosuruvarisa, uto iri kuenda kuratidza utsinye pedyo muvakidzani - Moldova. The mamiriro ine ivhu mauto, muganhu, zvemukati uye Air Force. Uyezve, yakasimbiswa nokuzvidira Cossack idzodzo. Rinorayira varwi vehondo, President wenyika PMR. Republic akataura pacharwo kwazvakarerekera mamiriro. Chero anovhara, hazvina zvinosanganisira uye haana kuronga kupinda. Uto iri basa pachishandiswa yezvisikwa kuhondo, uye Cossack dzakabatana - on chokuzvidira hwaro. Kuti de-kwira makakatanwa ari Transnistria mudunhu Moldova rave nyaya panyaya kuti abate demarcation pamiganhu uye kutanga kuderedza zvombo. kunzwisisa haina dzamboparidzirwa panyaya iyi. The zvokuvhoterwa iri Operational Group wamapoka Russian. Chinangwa charo chikuru - kudzivirirwa tsaru arsenals kuva mumwe Soviet Army.