Moldavian SSR: munhoroondo dzidzo, description, kumatunhu uye maguta. Maoko uye mureza Moldovan SSR

Nyaya ino kutarira chii Moldavian SSR. zvokuvhoterwa ichi yaiva yokunyanyisa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero reEurope chidimbu Soviet Union, umo chiri chikamu. MSSR akasikwa muna 1940, musi August 2, uye emauto akadzingwa mabasa muna 1991, 27 August. Kumabvazuva, kumusoro nezasi nayo muganhu pamwe Ukrainian SSR, uye kumadokero - pamwe Romania. Muna 1989, vagari vemo aiva 4337 zviuru vanhu. Chisinau City raiva guru MSSR.

Maguta makuru Moldova muna 1989 vakanga Chisinau (667,100 vagari), Tiraspol (181 900 Vagari), Balti (158 500 Vagari), Bender (130 000 vanogara). Mumakore ose simba Soviet kubva mumataundi maduku nemisha aimbova yakawedzera guta Ungheni, Rybnitsa, Floresti, Edinet, Ceadir-Lunga, Comrat.

Kubatana USSR Bessarabia

Hurumende yeSoviet muna 1940, 26 uye June 27, akatuma vaviri manotsi kuti utungamiri yeRomania, izvo aida kukurumidza kupedza basa Bessarabia. Romanian korona kanzuru kukwanisa kuwana rutsigiro Germany uye Italy, saka aifanira kupa mvumo kune hurumende yeSoviet. The Hurumende Romanian kushandisa pfungwa manotsi kubva June 28, 1940 kudzoka Bessarabia, nomutowo uye riini kushaya muzvipoka ayo uye kutarisira. Red Army zvidzidzo vakapinda nezuva iro (28 June) mudunhu Bessarabia RSFSR.

Kwokubatsira wa9 Army akanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa musi July 10. Bessarabia uye nyika hondo yakasiyiwa idzi vakava rutivi Odessa Military District.

inotungamirwa

Muna 1940, August 2, vakabata VII chidzidzo Supreme Soviet of USSR, iyo vakagamuchira murairo pamusoro pokugadzwa Union of Moldavian Republic.

Moldavian SSR ayo sezvamunoita yakava nzvimbo: 6 mumaruwa Bessarabia (Bender, Balti, Chisinau, Cahul, weSoroca, Orhei) uye 6 mumaruwa yaimbova Moldavian ASSR (. Dubossarskii, Kamensky, Grigoriopol, Rybnitsa, Tiraspol, Slobozia) The yasara munzvimbo MASSR uye uye Ismail, Akkerman uye Khotin mumaruwa Bessarabia zvaiendeswa wokuUkraine SSR.

Gare gare, muna 1940, 4 November, USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium chirevo iyo akasimbisa kuchinja miganhu pakati MSSR uye USSR. Nguva pfupi izvi zvisati, Molotov uye Schulenburg akapedzisa nechimwe chibvumirano, maererano nawo vanhu German kubva Northern Bukovina (kupfuura 14,000) uye Southern Bessarabia (anenge 100,000) vakaendeswa Germany. Zvadaro pane chinhu nyika vakanga dzakatangwa mapurazi, apo vanhu vakakokwa kuUkraine.

Kusikwa Moldavian SSR akanga akatakurwa kunze nokukurumidza. The nemamiriro zvokuvhoterwa yaisanganisira 61 munenge kugarwa vanogara mu uwandu 55 000 vanhu (14 misha mune yaimbova nzvimbo MASSR, 1 musha, Cahul dunhu, mumisha 46 of Bender County). By wokuUkraine SSR akatamira misha 96 rine vanhu 203 000 vanhu (76 nemisha Khotyn dunhu, 14 - Akkerman uye 6 - Ismail mumaruwa).

kuchinja aya anokurudzirwa chokuti mumisha wokuUkraine SSR akapfuura vakakunda Bulgarian, Ukrainian uye Russian hwevanhu, uye kune Moldavian SSR - Gagauz uye dzokuMoldova.

mugumisiro

Somugumisiro, mashoko MSSR aiva kunharaunda iri 33,7 zviuru sq. Km, rine vanhu mweya mamiriyoni 2,7, izvo 70% vaiva vokuMoldova. Chisinau akava guta guru reRepublic. Mushure nokubatanidzwazve Bessarabia, Moldavian SSR chakarasikirwa zviuru 10 sq. Km nyika uye vanhu mamiriyoni 0.5.

Akasungwa uye yakabvisa vagari 8000 Muna 1940, zvemo vanhu, uye muna 1941 13 June - vanopfuura zviuru 30.

Bessarabia mumakore ehondo

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri Bessarabia Vagari vaiitawo mukurwa nhivi anorwisana rwemberi. uto reRomania vakadanwa 10,000 Bessarabians: ivo vakarwa Soviet Union, uye vanopfuura hafu vavo vakapiwa akapera. Kusunungurwa Moldavian SSR kubva Romanian basa kwakaitika muna 1944. Pakangotanga zvokuvhoterwa akatora mauto Soviet, akaenda pamberi 256 000 Vagari Moldova, iyo muna 1944-1945 chakarasikirwa upenyu 40 592 vanhu.

The wevanotungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu

Saka, zvatakurukura paumbwe Moldavian SSR. Chii chakanga chichiitika? Kudzorerwa upfumi idzva Zimbabwe USSR, chefuma bhajeti akatumwa mamiriyoni 448 rubles. Chokutanga, akararamazve mazambuko uye tikurukure mhiri Dniester raputika kuenda mauto Romanian. of Red Army aitumirwa gadziridzo hupfumi sectors kuti anobatsira vomunzvimbo. Zvose Nistru rwizi kuyambuka September 19, 1944 kunge kuvakwazve, uye muna Moldova yakava zvichibvira kupinza michina uye michina. In yechando 1945, Republic akanga kupinza zvokushandisa 22 masangano makuru.

The upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu

Kudzosera indasitiri Moldavian SSR akagamuchira marasha (matani 226,000), ferrous simbi (matani 20,000), zvinogadzirwa mafuta (51 000 matani). By muenzaniso padanho shuga muna 1940 akaberekwa muna 1945 kupfuura 16%, musoro Jersey kubudikidza 36%, mafuta 84%, zvidhina kubudikidza 42%, magetsi 48% nematehwe shangu kubudikidza 46%. 226 akanga reconstructed seboka uye 60 kumapurazi.

chinoda zhinji Soviet (kunyanya RSFSR) Moldova akatamisa mombe (10,800 musoro), makwai (47 700 musoro), mbeu (matani 17.4), mabhiza (17 300 musoro), nzira yokutora processing minda uye zvakawanda. Zvisinei, muna 1946, nzara uye uwandu mombe akatanga kusviba. Saka, kubva 25 000 namakwai nembudzi, akapa RSFSR, kusvikira muna 1947 haana ndikapererwa kupfuura 18 000 misoro. Muna 1949, nokubudirira vanhuwo zvavo vakasungwa kubva nyika, uye avo midziyo: midziyo, nyika, zvipfuwo uye zvirimwa - kune mumapurazi.

nzara

Sezvaunogona kuona, imwe rubatsiro zvinoorora vakagamuchira Moldavian SSR. The nyaya inoenda kuti pasinei ichi, munyika dambudziko zvisinei vakasvika muna 1946,, sezvo dzimwe dziri USSR. In Bessarabia paiva nokushomeka kwezvokudya panopera Hondo Yenyika II, uye kunyange muna 1945, rakatanga zhizha yakaoma. Nokuda kwokushayiwa zvokudya nhamba kwokudarika (kunyanya kuba) yakawedzera zvinoshamisa.

Pamusana dambudziko, varimi vakatanga kuramba mumaoko kukohwa (kunyanya chingwa) simba. Dzimwe nguva yose seboka boycott muunganidzwa zvigadzirwa. Zviitiko izvi, zviremera zvomunzvimbo rinonzi "kuitika hakuvaki moods". Ndokusaka utungamiriri USSR akasunungura Moldova kubva nerubatsiro zvimwe zvokudya nedzimwe dzeSoviet, uye Red Army.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kubvira 1947 kusvika kuMoldova kubva chinoda zvizhinji Soviet Union kutorwa mamwe zvokudya.

Sovietization

Utungamiriri Soviet kuramba mutemo Sovietization kubva 1940, rwoga nemhaka yehondo. Power dynamically akasimbisa munyika. The Supreme Soviet of Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, uye hurumende Ndadzoka kubva kubvisa, pakutanga akaisa weSoroca, uye akabva atamira Chisinau. Tungamirira kuvakazve zviremera zveko zvinoti: Regional matare Executive zvakasikwa zvakananga basa. In kuwa 1944 vakatanga kushandisa guta Executive matare, uyewo kumaruwa, dunhu uye County. Rakanga reconstructed mabasa kusunga uye kutongwa.

Presidium Supreme June 16, 1949 chirevo pamusoro pakagadzwa dzoruwa Executive mumatare, matunhu neminisiparati, dunhu uye musha. October 16, rakabudiswa chirevo itsva wakateya abolition ose mumaruwa nemaruwa. Tips - In December 1947, sarudzo dziri hurumende dzematunhu dzakarongwa munyika kekutanga pashure pehondo. Executive Matare kusarudzwa pachirongwa pakati neSoviet rokutanga. Madhipatimendi utariri uye anokosha makomisheni zvakasikwa pasi Executive matare.

kubudiswa

Vanhuwo zvavo, uyo akakwanisa runoshamisa uwandu private pfuma, vachitsigirwa Romania muna 1941. kirasi iyi vakaramba muMoldova kusvikira 1949. Mumakore 1944-1945, utungamiriri Soviet akamanikidzwa simba dekulakize vanhu vakadaro. Nezvibhakera pamwe pfuma iri munzvimbo mapurisa kufuka rekodhi. Hurumende yeSoviet yave inofungidzirwa kuti muna 1946, vakagara pamusoro munharaunda Moldova 27 025 private nyika varidzi.

Pashure pehondo, nzara munyika, saka kuti paiva kufamba Anti-Soviet. Pakati vokumaruwa vagari vakawanda sei nzara, akaparadzirwa mapepa kudana vanhu kurwisa hurumende yeSoviet. Pamwe mapepa Anti-Soviet mutemo yechitendero nhungamiro, vakaparadzira vepo kechitendero.

Muna 1949 April 6th Politburo of CPSU (b) vakapfuura chisarudzo pamusoro kudzingwa Bessarabia, vaimbova cultists, kulaks, varidzi, Entrepreneurs uye vaya vakabatsira zvisingaiti German uye Romanian uye aibatsira nevachena. Kunze nyika vakadzingwa mhuri yose. Izvi anonzi "Operation" South ". Moldova 11 290 mhuri 40 860 vanhu vakasungwa. Expropriated pfuma yakapfuura kupinda nhaka simba wehurumende uye mumapurazi, uye dzimba uye dzimba vakazvitengesa kuti voga vanhu.

Moldova yakanga chikamu Soviet Union kwemakore 47 kusvikira August 27, 1991, asati kuziviswa kwayo rusununguko.

administrative kupesana

Chii auya inomiririra Moldavian SSR? nomumaruwa aro ari uwandu 52 inokwana zviyero ndiwo mugumisiro kugovera mumaruwa yaNovember 11, 1940. dzakawanda dziri 6 munyika akasimuka kubva Moldavian ASSR.

Moldova vakabata zvinotevera counties:

• Bendersky (Bender, Kaynarsky, Volontirovsky, Comrat, Kaushansky, Cimislia Romanovsky uye nharaunda);
• Balti (Bolotinsky, Balti, Briceni, Bratushansky, Edinet, Glodeni, Kishkarensky, Lipkansky, Korneshtsky, Rîşcani, Singerei, Skulyansky, Faleshtsky Ungheni uye nharaunda);
• Kishinevsky (Buzhorsky, Budeshtsky, Kishinevsky, Calarasi, Kotovskij, Nisporeni, Leova uye Străşeni);
• Cahul (Vulcaneshti, Baymakliysky, Kagul, Taraclia, uye Kangazsky Ciadîr Lunga-kumatunhu);
• Soroksky (Vertyuzhansky, Ataksky, Zguritsky, Drochia, Cotiujanschi, Soroksky, Ocnita, Floresti Tarnovski uye nharaunda);
• Orhei (Kiperchensky, Bravichsky, Criuleni, Raspopensky, Orhei, Rezina, Telenesti uye Suslensky dzine).

Moldova yakanga kutevera Republican nomination maruwa:

• Dubossarskii;
• Grigoriopol;
• Rybnitsa;
• Kamensky;
• Tiraspol;
• Slobozia.

Chiizve akagarwa Moldavian SSR? Republican nomination guta vakanga vachitevera munyika ino;

• Chisinau;
• Balti;
• Bender;
• Tiraspol.

utungamiri

Saka, Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic aiva chikamu Soviet Union muna 1940. mukuru utariri Its vazvitambudze vokuMoldova Communist Party, rakanga chikamu CPSU. Muna 1990, kuti ive ose akawanda musarudzo rakatanga. Zvinozivikanwa kuti chepamusorosoro mutumbi Communist Party of MSSR aiva Central Committee (CC). Muna 1940-1990 iye kuenda munyori reRepublic of Moldova CP rokutanga.

Muna 1990, pashure pokunge April musarudzo, vakaumba mubatanidzwa wenyika "Popular Front" (dzisiri masangano) uye dzimwe nhengo kurapa vokuMoldova Communist Party, akaramba pfungwa yoMushandirapamwe. Izvi zvinooneka munzvimbo kuparadzirwa achitungamirira mbiru: panotangira nevarikutonga simba akamira vamiririri "Vanhu Front", uye zvemitemo - the vaKomonisiti. Kubva April 27 kusvika September 3, 1990 pambiru sachigaro Supreme Soviet Moldavian akabata Mircea Snegur. Its chete muna 1990, September 3 akasarudzwa purezidhendi zvokuvhoterwa. Mircea Druk aiva sachigaro reCouncil of Vashumiri 25 May 1990 kusvika 28 May 1991, ipapo nzvimbo iyi yavaibatisa Muravskiy Valery.

The Supreme Council

Ndechipi chikuru zvemitemo muviri Moldova mumakore 1940-1991? Raiva Supreme Council (unicameral), izvo navabati (kunze 1991 sarudzo), vakasarudzwa kukashora pahwaro 4 Makore (5 Makore kubva 1979). Pamberi sarudzo, musarudzo aifarirwa utungamiriri Communist Party of Moldova.

The Supreme Council harisi sangano wechigarire, nhengo dzayo vakaunganidza 2-3 pagore pachirongwa, urwo rwakatora pezvizuva. Kuita administrative basa akaramba kusarudzwa nevezvematongerwe enyika vachishanda Presidency, vaiona seboka musoro zvokuvhoterwa.

nguo maoko

Zvino funga nguvo maoko Moldavian SSR. Ichi chiratidzo emarudzi Moldavian SSR, kunobva nguvo maoko Soviet Union. Maererano 167th nyaya reMitemo kweMoldova, kubvumirwa muna 1978, April 15, rine mufananidzo nenyundo nembezo, akaisa muzuva. sezvamunoita izvozvi akapoteredzwa dzezviyo, dzezviyo, boka mazambiringa uye tsvuku Ribbon, iro pane zvinyorwa: nechepasi muri tsamba kuoneka "RSSM" kurudyi, unogona kuverenga Russian sirogani, On kuruboshwe - ichi mutsara akanyorwa "Proletarians kunyika dzose, vanobatana!" mutauro dzokuMoldova. At pamusoro nguvo maoko yakashongedzwa ane shanu-wakananga nyeredzi.

Coat of Arms of Moldavian SSR ane shanduro dzakawanda. Pakutanga, zviri siyanei kuti mukupera chiperengo kweshoko "kubatanidza" mutauro zvomuMoldova uye Kureba chezuva. Nguvo itsva maoko Republic akabvumirwa panguva plenary chegungano hurumende Moldova, iyo kwakaitika muna 1990, musi 3 November.

mureza

Uye sokuti flag Moldavian SSR? Zviri rectangular jira maviri-kuzviitirwa yakatsvuka, musimboti izvo renguva urefu akapendwa girini mutsetse. On dzvuku pakanyorwa chokumusoro rworuboshwe pakona ndiyo nechepasi chikamu chiratidzo MSSR - nenyundo nembezo uye shanu-akanongedza yendarama tsvuku nyeredzi, rakatenderedzwa mbiru muganhu yendarama.

Green boka inoremekedzwa mumwe wechina upamhi jira. Sando nembezo akanyorwa yokufungidzira pachivara ane divi unoenderana rechishanu upamhi mureza. Mubato iri sando uye jeko pamusoro hwakaderera makona square, uye rinopinza chipande hunogara nechepakati aro okumusoro divi.

Five-rwakavakwa nyeredzi iri vanoratidzwa kwakajairika denderedzwa dhayamita yakaenzana chegumi upamhi web. MSSR utariri mvumo iyi mureza nechirevo January 31, 1952. Next paneeli anorondedzerwa nyaya 168 reMitemo of MSSR 1978.

Tinovimba kuti pashure kuverenga nyaya yedu, iwe tora mufananidzo rakazara Moldavian SSR.