Eastern necheSalvic madzinza uye vavakidzani vavo: nhoroondo, zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Chikamu zvachose pakati necheSalvic vanhu, vakagara mukuvamba yeMiddle Ages, mundima East European Plain, inoumbwa boka East necheSalvic marudzi (zvakasiyana chaizvo kumaodzanyemba uye vokumadokero Slavs). conglomerate ichi pamwe vazhinji siyana.

The chidzoke of Eastern Slavs

Modern zvokuchera matongo ane zvose zvakafanira zvinhu kuitira kusimbisa mashoko apo uye sei kurarama Eastern necheSalvic madzinza uye nevavakidzani vavo. How kuumba mangwanani Ages munharaunda? Kunyange munguva Roman paavhareji necheSalvic ndokugara pamusoro Vistula uye yokumusoro Dniestre. Kubva pano akatanga Colonisation kumabvazuva - nharaunda Russia ano uye Ukraine.

The V uye VII CC. Slavs vakagara munharaunda Dnieper, parutivi Antes. Muzana VIII remakore, somugumisiro ane simba idzva vaitamira chinozunguzirwa vakaumba mumwe tsika - Romny. vatakuri dzacho northerners. Izvi Eastern necheSalvic madzinza uye nevavakidzani vavo akagadzirisa madziva Seym nzizi Desna uye Sula. Other "hama" dzavo dzaishandiswa wakamanikana zviso. Northerners vakagara copses uye minda, akagura masango uye anezvimiti.

The Colonisation of Volga uye Oka

Muzana VI remakore, vakatanga Colonisation of Eastern Slavs ramangwana yeRussian North uye pakati Volga uye Oka. Pano vanotama tatarisana nemapoka maviri vavakidzani - the Balts uye Finno-Ugric. Wokutanga kumabvazuva kuzununguswa krivichi. Ivo vakagara Rokumusoro Volga. North infiltrated Ilmen vokuSlovenia, uyo akagara munzvimbo yacho White Lake. Pano vakasangana Pomorie. Uyewo ilmentsy akagadzirisa Pool Mologa uye Volga Yaroslavl. Pamwe chete madzinza hwakakanyiwa uye mitambo yembereko.

Eastern necheSalvic madzinza uye vavakidzani vavo vaiita dzinoitwa Moscow uye Ryazan Region. Paiva dzakadzidzvinyirira vyatichi, kuti muduku zvakadini - the northerners uye radzimichy. Chakakonzera uye Don Slavs. Vyatichi akatambanudza Prony rwizi uye vakagara pamahombekombe ari Moscow River. A maitiro kuchiitwa dzakadzidzvinyirira ava zvindori temberi. Maererano naye, vanochera matongo vanozivikanwa uye Vyatichi Resettlement nzvimbo. West Russia akakwezva vanotama yakatsiga okurima chawo uye pfuma furs, akanga akundikana mune dzimwe nzvimbo necheSalvic kugarwa. Veko - Imeri (Finno-Ugric) - vaiva vashoma uye nokukurumidza anyangarika pakati Slavs kana vakanga yanzwa navo mberi kuchamhembe.

Eastern vavakidzani

Rizare okumusoro kunosvika of Volga, kuti Slavs vakava vavakidzani of Volga vokuBulgaria. Vakararama pamusoro munharaunda Tatarstan ano. MaArab vaiona zvavo kupfuura kuchamhembe vanhu venyika, kudzidzira Islam. Guta guru umambo Volga Bulgars raiva guta Bulgaria Great. nhare yake achiri vakamira. Military Kusanzwisisana pakati Volga vokuBulgaria uye Slavs kumabvazuva akatanga munguva imwe chete, centralized Russia, apo boka wake akarega kuva kunyatsoteerera dzemadzinza. Kusawirirana alternated pamwe nguva dzorugare. Panguva ino, mari kutengeserana pamwe parwizi rukuru vakauya inokosha mari kuna mativi.

Resettlement yoKumabvazuva madzinza necheSalvic pamusoro nemiganhu yayo wokumabvazuva dziri akavigwa mundima yaigarwa Khazars. vanhu ava, kufanana Volga vokuBulgaria akanga Turkic. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo Khazars vaiva vaJudha, kuti zvakanga zvikuru zvakajairika kuti Europe panguva. Ivo aidzora nharaunda chinokosha kubva Don kusvikira kuGungwa reCaspian. Mwoyo wacho Khazar Khanate yaiva dzakaderera kunosvika of Volga, apo pedyo Astrakhan ano ipapo Khazar guru Itil.

vavakidzani Western

Kumadokero Muganhu kugarwa of Eastern Slavs vaiona Volyn. Kubva ipapo kusvika Dnieper akararama Duleby - sungano yemadzinza anoverengeka. Archeologists kutarirwa kuna Prague-korchak tsika. The chirwirangwe yaisanganisira Volhynians, drevlyans, Dregovichi uye kupishinura. Muzana VII remakore, ivo vakapona Avar nechisimba.

Eastern necheSalvic madzinza uye nevavakidzani vavo munzvimbo vaigara inowanzorimwa wongoramba. West anotanga mundima Western Slavs, rokutanga Poles zvose. Relations navo dzakaderera mushure kusikwa Russia uye Vladimir Svyatoslavich kuitwa Orthodoxy. The Poles zvakabhabhatidzwa mune Catholic setsika. Pakati pavo uye kumabvazuva Slavs aiva hondo kwete chete nokuda Volyn, asiwo Galicia.

Hondo pamwe Pechenegs

Eastern Slavs munguva amarudzi wechihedheni havana kukwanisa nyuchi kuGungwa Black nharaunda. Pano inoguma vanonzi "inowanzorimwa Great" - inowanzorimwa mapazi, riri mumoyo Eurasia. Black Sea nharaunda mwoyo yakasiyana-siyana muArabhu. Muzana IX remakore ikoko akagadzirisa Pechenegs. mapoka aya kurarama pakati Russia, Bulgaria, Hungary uye Alan.

Midzi muGungwa Dema, vakaparadza steppes Pechenegs vakagara tsika. Akanyangarika Transnistrian necheSalvic (Tivertsy) uye Don Alani. Muzana X remakore rakatanga-Pecheneg Russian hondo dzakawanda. Taisagona kuwana pamwe nemumwe necheSalvic madzinza Eastern uye nevavakidzani vavo. SHANDISA Bajanaks akabhadharira yakawanda nzeve, riri hazvishamisi. Izvi nezvaizoita muArabhu akararama chete nokuda zvaibiwa kwakaenderera uye vakanga vachimunetsa vanhu Kiev uye Pereyaslavets. Muzana XI remakore panzvimbo yavo wakasvika chinotokosha inozezesa muvengi - Polovtsy.

Slavs muna Don

Slavs vakatanga massively kuva Average Don nharaunda pakupera kwezana VIII - IX emakore. Panguva ino pane kuonekwa Zvivako Borshevsky tsika. Its anokosha unhu (Ceramics, ruwadzano, kunamata zvisaririra) inoratidza kuti Don dzakadzidzvinyirira vaibva rwezasi-kumadokero Europe. Don Slavs vaiva kana northerners kana vyatichi, vatsvakurudzi vakafunga kusvikira ichangopfuura. Muzana IX remakore somugumisiro wacho infiltration chavagari apararira pakati pavo kuvigwa tsika kuvigwa, waiva fanana vyatichskomu.

Muzana X remakore Slavs Russian uye nevavakidzani vavo munzvimbo vakapona dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya vachirwisa Pechenegs. Vazhinji vakasiya uye vakadzokera Don nharaunda Pooche. Ndokusaka tichigona kutaura kuti Ryazan nyika pakazara kumativi ose - kubva kumaodzanyemba steppes uye kubva kumavirazuva. Kudzoka Slavs muna Don mumudziyo rakanga chete XII remakore. Munzvimbo ino, munyika rwezasi dzakadzidzvinyirira itsva akaita nayo dziva Bityug rwizi uye nyanzvi dziva Voronezh River zvachose.

Next kune Balts uye Finno-Ugric

madzinza necheSalvic Radimichi Vyatichi uye parutivi rwechipo Balts - Vagari vemazuva Lithuania, Latvia uye Estonia. tsika dzavo magamuchira zvimwe zvinhu. Izvi hazvishamisi. Eastern necheSalvic madzinza uye nevavakidzani vavo, muna pfupi, kwete chete kutengeswa, asi nemarererwo ari ethnogenesis mumwe. Somuenzaniso, mune misha yose Vyatichi vanochera matongo vakawana tyisa kune mamwe madzinza kufanana mutsipa Hryvnia.

A mhando necheSalvic tsika kwakasimbiswa dzakakomberedza Balts uye Finno-Ugric vanhu munzvimbo Lake muPskov. Paiva refu mugodhi-kufanana pazvikomo, iyo yakatsiva kuvigwa nhandare. Kwakadaro akavaka chete omunharaunda East necheSalvic madzinza uye nevavakidzani vavo. Nhoroondo pokumuka netsika pamariro kunoita nyanzvi kuti kwazvo kuziva kare vahedheni. MuPskov Madzitateguru akavaka pasi Log muzvivako vane Stoves kana kupiswa yamavira (zvinopesana netsika kumaodzanyemba hafu-dugouts). Ivowo vaita yokutema miti-uye-pisa kurima. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muPskov refu barrows chakapararira Podvinye Polotsk uye Smolensk Dnieper. Izvi nzvimbo simba pamusoro Balts raiva simba zvikuru.

Kufurirwa nevavakidzani pamusoro chitendero uye mungano

Kufanana nevamwe vanhu vakawanda Eastern Europe, Eastern Slavs akararama maererano ateteguru dzinza hurongwa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, vakauya uye vakatsigira mhuri kapoka uye kunamatwa mariro. The Slavs vaiva vahedheni. Vamwari kukosha pantheon yavo vaiona Perun, Mokosh uye Veles. On necheSalvic mungano uchiumba vaCelt uye Iranians (Sarmatians, VaSitiya Alans). kufanana aya kuratidzwa zvifananidzo zvavanamwari. Saka, Dazhbog rakafanana mwari Celtic Dagda uye Mokosh zvakafanana Maha.

Taiva zvakawanda Slavs zvakafanana vechihedheni uye nevavakidzani vavo zvinotendwa. History of reBaltic mungano akasiya mazita vanamwari Perkunas (Perun) uye Velnyasa (Velez). The kweshoko raJehovha munyika muti uye kuvapo Dragon (Snake Gorynycha) anounza necheSalvic mungano uye Odin. Pashure vemunharaunda chete rakakamurwa madzinza akawanda, zvitendero akatanga kuwana emunharaunda kusiyana. Somuenzaniso, vagari Oka uye Volga nekusangana yakasiyana simba pamusoro mungano of Finno-Ugric marudzi.

Uranda kumabvazuva Slavs

Maererano pamutemo shanduro, kumabvazuva Slavs, uranda hwakanga zvakajairika mangwanani Middle Ages. Vasungwa vakatorwa, senguva dzose, muhondo. Somuenzaniso, vanyori Arabic panguva vakati Eastern Slavs akatora varanda vazhinji muhondo pamwe Hungarians (Magyars uye, akavapindurawo, akaiswa somuranda akatapwa Slavs). rudzi urwu aiva ainyatsokwanisa. Hungarian pakuberekwa - the Finno-Ugric marudzi. Ivo akatamira kumavirira uye rakatora nharaunda nechepakati kunosvika kuna Danube. Saka Hungarians vakanga chaizvo pakati kumaodzanyemba, kumabvazuva uye vokumadokero Slavs. Panyaya iyi pane hondo dzose.

Slavs aigona kutengesa varanda Byzantium, Bulgaria kana Volga Khazaria. Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vavo yaiva avo akabatwa hondo vatorwa, muna VIII remakore paiva varanda pakati pehama dzavo. Slav aigona kuwana muuranda nokuda mhosva kana kutyora yetsika.

Vatsigiri mushanduro dzakasiyana kudzivirira pfungwa yake maonero, maererano izvo muRussia muuranda sezvo vakadaro hariko. Mukupesana, munyika idzi varanda vakatsvaka nekuti pano vose kwainzi akasununguka, nokuti necheSalvic zvechihedheni hauna vatsvene unfreedom (muusungwa, uranda) nemagariro kusaruramisira.

VaViking uye Novgorod

The kumumvuri the Old Russian mamiriro dzakatangira Novgorod. Rayakavambwa Ilmen vokuSlovenia. Kutozosvikira IX remakore, nyaya yavo anozikamwa sketchy zvikuru uye zvakaipa. Pedo navo vaigara VaViking, izvo Western yenhau inonzi VaViking.

Air nguva nenguva akakunda madzimambo Ilmen vokuSlovenia uye vakamanikidzwa kuti kubhadhara mutero. Novgorod vagari vakatsvaka kudzivirira vatorwa kubva vamwe vavakidzani, chii chaiva zita ravo vehondo mambo kumba. Saka pamahombekombe Volkhov akauya Rurik. Akatsiviwa Oleg yakakunda Kiev akateya nheyo Old Russian mamiriro.