Nhoroondo dinosaurs. The kwaita dinosaurs

How zvakavanzika zvizhinji yekare nhoroondo yenyika hwakazarawo. Dinosaurs - ichi ndomumwe wavo. Ivo ushe panyika makore mamiriyoni 160 okuberekwa, kudanana kubva Triassic nguva (anenge mamiriyoni 225. Makore akapfuura) kusvikira pakuguma Cretaceous (anenge mamiriyoni 65. Makore akapfuura). Nhasi, masayendisiti anogona vakiridza chimiro mhuka idzi, nzira yavo youpenyu uye tsika asi mibvunzo yakawanda asi kupindurwa. akaita sei dinosaurs? Nei Zvibvisike? Kunyange zvazvo dinosaurs izvi yakanyangarika redu anotarisana makore mamiriyoni 65 apfuura, nhoroondo dinosaurs, dzakavapo, upenyu uye kungoerekana rufu zvikuru nevaongorori. Ngatitarisei chikuru nzendo kukura nezvinokambaira.

Origin of zita

Dinosaurs vakasarudza kudana chete boka nezvinokambaira. zita iri rinoreva avo wavo aigara Mesozoic Era chete. Kana rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki, rokuti "dainoso" anoreva "rinotyisa" kana "nedzvinyu anotyisa". zita Izvi vakapinda wokuBritain Richard Owen muna 1842. Saka zvinganaka kudana kutanga vawana zvisaririra zviri dinosaurs yekare kuratidza kwavo kusingaenzaniswi kukura uye ukuru.

Pakutanga Nguva dinosaurs

Sezvaunoziva, nhoroondo yose nyika iri rakagara richidudzirwa rakakamurwa tevererana panguva. Time yavakararama dinosaurs, kazhinji zvakabatanidzwa Mesozoic. It, akavapindurawo, inoumbwa zvitatu nguva: Triassic, Jurassic uye Cretaceous. The Mesozoic Era akatanga vanenge mamiriyoni 225. Makore akapfuura, ndokuguma vanenge mamiriyoni 70. Makore akapfuura. Nhoroondo dinosaurs kunotanga yokutanga nguva - the Triassic. Zvisinei, inonyanya kushandiswa, vakagamuchira vari Cretaceous.

Long ari kwaita dinosaurs panyika zvinokambaira vasati akararama. Vakatsvaka akafanana dzose ano murume madzvinyu kuti mhuka nemazinzara vari kumativi muviri. Asi kana kwepasi (Makore mamiriyoni 300. Kare), pakati pavo pakanga pane shanduka kuputika. Mapoka ose nezvinokambaira vakatanga kukura nokukurumidza. Saka pane archosaur - zvakanga zvakasiyana ayo vamutangira pakuti makumbo acho kare akaisa pasi muviri. Anofungidzirwa, ndiye uyu anotevedzana penguva uye ndiye kwaita dinosaurs.

Dinosaurs Triassic

Nechekare panguva pakutanga Triassic nguva, vakawanda zvitsva mhando dinosaurs. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vakaita kare mberi makumbo maviri, nekuti makumbo avo pamberi dzaiva pfupi uye ndoda dzakabudirira pane necheshure. Izvi zvakasiyana ayo vamutangira. Nhoroondo panowanikwa dinosaurs anoti rimwe okutanga kwemarudzi akanga staurikosaurus. Akararama mamiriyoni 230. Makore akapfuura, apo Brazil zvino iri.

In tanga-shanduka pakava vazhinji nevamwe zvinokambaira: etozavry, Cynodont, ornitozuhidy uye nevamwe. Naizvozvo, dinosaurs vaifanira kutsungirira refu tsere asati kuwana niche kwayo uye kubudirira kubudirira. Zvakaita kuti kudavira kuti vawana hukuru nechinzvimbo pamusoro vose dzimwe vagere nyika iri kuguma Triassic kumwedzi. Rinobatanidzwa pamwero mukuru kutsakatika mhuka kurarama panyika.

Jurassic dinosaurs

By pakutanga ari Jurassic dinosaurs vakava vatenzi vakakwana panyika. Vakagara pasi panyika; makomo mumapani, anezvimiti uye madhamu. Nhoroondo iyi dinosaurs Akatara chidzoke uye kupararira dzinowanika vakawanda. Somuenzaniso Allosaurus, Diplodocus, Stegosaurus.

Uyezve, madzvinyu izvi saizvozvo vangasimudzira vakasiyana mumwe. Saka, vanogona kuva inosiyana zvachose, vane mararamiro akasiyana. Mumwe dinosaurs vaiva carnivores, vamwe - zvachose isingakuvadzi herbivores. Zvinofadza kuti muna Jurassic nguva, ichatonga zvine mbiri mapapiro madzvinyu - pterosaurs. Rakaisvonaka zvinokambaira akatonga kwete chete panyika uye mudenga, asi mukudzika kwegungwa.

The dinosaurs of Cretaceous nguva

Munguva Cretaceous nguva, nhamba uye dzakasiyana-siyana dinosaurs kwakanyanyisa. Ukuwo, vamwe nyanzvi regai kugoverana Tichitarira kamwe uye kuwedzera kwenhamba nezvinokambaira. Maererano navo, vamiririri Triassic uye Jurassic vari ndoda Dzakadzidza pane vanogara Cretaceous.

Panguva iyoyo paiva chaizvo herbivorous nezvinokambaira. Izvi imhaka veMubatanidzwa kwenyika vazhinji matsva kwemarudzi zvinomera. Zvisinei, paiva zvakawanda nezvikara. Rinoreva kuti Cretaceous panowanikwa zvakadai kuvazivisa mhando sezvo tirannozavr. Nenzira, zvichida aiva mumwe yakakurumbira dinosaurs. The kupfuura wandisa ose Mbeswa zvinokambaira, waiyera matani masere, uye kukura kwayo vaigona kusvika 12 mamita. Rinorondedzerawo Cretaceous chitarisiko vakadai kwemarudzi kuzivikanwa Iguanodon uye triceratops.

The asinganzwisisiki pokufa dinosaurs

Dinosaurs akanyangarika vanenge mamiriyoni 65. Makore akapfuura. chiitiko ichi chakaitika pakupera ari Cretaceous kumwedzi. Nhasi kune zvakasiyana dzidziso pamusoro sei uye nei zvakaitika. Zvisinei, masayendisiti zvino haagoni kusvika nekubvirana.

Zvikurukuru, izvozvo zvinomutsa mibvunzo zvinokonzera avaurayisa, uyewo kana yave kunonoka kana kutsanya. Zvinozivikanwa kuti aiva mumwe zvikamu "kutsakatika kukuru" nguva. Ipapo penyika kunyangarika, kwete chete dinosaurs, asi vamwe zvinokambaira, uyewo mollusks uye vamwe algae. Maererano nerimwe maonero, ari "kutsakatika kukuru" akanga kukonzerwa Mumatsutso ane asteroid.

Zvadaro, mudenga kumusoro hofori guruva makore rinofukidza zuva mwedzi, uye kuti ndiye akakonzera rufu zvose zvipenyu zvose. Dzimwe nyanzvi dziri kuti pfungwa kuti kure nyeredzi paNyika raputika, zvichiguma yose nyika akazadza inouraya kuti vagari vayo. Zvinonzi Aidavirawo zvikuru maonero ndechokuti dinosaurs akava yakatotsakatika somugumisiro okunze chando, rwakatanga mukunopera Cretaceous nguva. Zvisinei, nezvinokambaira yaitonga yapera. Uye sezvo zvinoitika, sayenzi ane asi kuziva.

Nhoroondo nokudzidza dinosaurs

Nhoroondo dinosaurs akafarirawo vanhu achangobva. kudzidza kwavo akatanga chete pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19. Izvi kunonyanya kukonzerwa kuti vanhu Hamunzwisisi mapfupa vaakawana Earth, sezvo dainoso pakatsikwa netsoka. Sezvineiwo, munguva yekare vaidavira kuti dzasara magamba nguva yacho Trojan War.

KuMiddle Ages uye kukwira remakore rechi19 - hofori vakanga dzikafira yeMafashamo. Chete muna 1824 vakanga kutanga kuzivikanwa sezvo zvisaririra vaRafa madzvinyu. Muna 1842, musayendisiti British Richard Owen, vazvione. huru zviri zvinokambaira izvi, uye akavatungamirira ari oga suborder, uye akavapa zita "dainoso". Kubvira ipapo, pakanga kuramba kuunganidza ruzivo pamusoro pavo, kuwana mhando itsva. History of Dinosaurs upenyu akatowedzera zvizere kutarira. Zvino kudzidza nezvinokambaira mberi nokushingaira yakatokura. Nyanzvi Modern pamusana kusvika chiuru mhando dinosaurs.

Dinosaurs dzakakurumbira mutsika

Unyanzvi nyika kupa vanhu vazhinji mabhuku uye mafirimu pamusoro dzvinyu izvi. Somuenzaniso, vanoonekwa basa "Lost World" Artura Konan Doyle, yaiva vakazochinja kakawanda filmed. Pahwaro Michael Crichton filmed akakurumbira kupenda "Jurassic Park." History kuvana dainoso akapa tichibatsirwa vakawanda cartoons uye mavara mufananidzo mabhuku. Ava, mwana anogona kuziva mhuka idzi chinoshamisa uye hombe.

Pasinei nguva zvikuru yapfuura kubva ipapo, sezvo pose Pasi pamwe dinosaurs anyangarika yapfuura, nhoroondo kwakabva simba raptors izvi, avo upenyu uye chakavanzika Kutsakatika dzavo uye ikozvino kunetseka mumwoyo nepfungwa dzevanhu. Zvisinei, vakawanda zvakavanzika zvavo, zvichida vacharamba kupindurwa.