Sino-Soviet kunetsana muna 1969

Patova nemakore 45 kubvira kuti Muchirimo 1969, apo kanga yakavapo rimwe kure wokumabvazuva weSoviet-Chinese kumuganhu. Tiri kutaura chitsuwa Damanskii iri pamusoro Ussuri River. History of USSR inoratidza kuti chaiva chiito vose post-hondo nguva, iyo wakapindwa mauto uye vokutanga muchiuto muganhu mauto ose KGB. Uye kunyange zvakawanda zvinoshamisa ndechokuti atadza haana chete ezvinhu yakavakidzana, uye pamapatya, sezvo vose vakatenda China.

nzvimbo

Damanskiy Island pamepu vanotarisa akanaka duku nomunda, iyo anotuma vanenge 1500-1800 M pakureba uye 700 mamita pahupamhi. Namazvo parameters yayo hazvigoni kutsunga, sezvo kuvimba chaiyo yegore. Somuenzaniso, muzana uye chirimo mafashamo unogona kuzadzwa zvachose mvura Ussuri River, uye mumwedzi yechando chitsuwa anomira pakati ane kuoma nechando rwizi. Ndokusaka haana kuipa chero nemauto-inokosha kana zvoupfumi ukoshi.

Muna 1969, chitsuwa Sino-Soviet, mapikicha kuti zvakachengetedzwa kubva nguva idzodzo, imwe nzvimbo zvishoma kupfuura 0,7 mativi mamita. km yaiva pamusoro munharaunda USSR uye kubatwa Pozharsky District of Primorsky Krai. Idzi bordered parimwe mapurovhinzi China - Heilongjiang. Distance kubva Sino-Soviet kuguta Khabarovsk riri 230 chete? Km. Kubva Chinese pamhenderekedzo, akanga abviswa kune chinhambwe anenge 300 m, uye Soviet - 500 m.

Island History

Kuti tara mutsetse pakati China uye Czarist Russia kuFar East vakaedza kubva XVII remakore. Hazvina kubva panguva ino anotanga nhoroondo chitsuwa Sino-Soviet. Zvino umambo Russian akawedzera mhiri ari Amur River, kubva kupi pamuromo, uye akaisa zvose kuruboshwe uye muchidimbu kurutivi rworudyi pamusoro payo. Zvakatora makore akawanda asati chaiwo mitsetse muganhu dzakatangwa. chiitiko ichi akanga pakurukurwa pamutemo mabasa akawanda. Pakupedzisira, muna 1860, rinenge yose Ussuri kudunhu akapiwa Russia.

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, vaKomonisiti inotungamirwa Mao Zedong akauya simba mu China muna 1949. kunyanya kwete kunyenga mazuva iwayo kuti huru basa raiva Soviet Union. 2 Makore pashure kuguma Civil War, apo vakundi vaiva Chinese vaKomonisiti, Beijing uye Moscow dzakasaina chibvumirano. Rakati kuti China anoona raivapo pari pamuganhu pamwe Soviet Union, uye anobvuma kuti ari Amur uye Ussuri nzizi, aidzorwa reSoviet pamuganhu mauto.

Mitemo yapfuura akanga vakagamuchirwa uye akaita nyika, iyo nemiganhu pakukoka pamwe nzizi, kunze chete huru gwara. Asi hurumende tsarist Russia yaingoda kwekuneta uye kubvuma the Chinese ehurumende uye akaita disengagement mutsetse munharaunda Ussuri River haasi pamusoro mvura, uye pamwe nevakomana bhengi. Somugumisiro, muviri mvura uye zvitsuwa pairi zvakaiswa munharaunda weRussia. Naizvozvo, hove uye kushambira pamusoro Ussuri River, Chinese kugona chete chete nemvumo pedyo zviremera.

Enyika mamiriro pamusoro avaida makakatanwa

Events pachitsuwa Sino-Soviet akava mhando ndopakaperawo pamusoro Pfungwa kusiyana kuti vavapo pakati zviviri kupfuura mugovanisi nyika - USSR uye China. Vakatanga kare 50s pamwe kuti China asarudza kumutsa nawo dzakawanda munyika uye muna 1958 akapinda kurwisana nezvombo pamwe Taiwan. Pashure 4 Makore, China muchirongwa pamuganhu kurwa India. Muchiitiko chokutanga Soviet Union akaratidza rutsigiro racho chiito chakadaro, wechipiri - pamusoro zvinopesana, mhosva.

Uyezve, kusiyana kwakawedzerwa chokuti pashure vanonzi Caribbean dambudziko muna 1962, Moscow akatsvaka nzira normalize ukama dzinoverengeka capitalist nyika. Asi Chinese mutungamiri Mao Tszedun akatora chiito ichi somunhu kusavimbika dzidziso Lenin kuti pfungwa uye Stalin. Uyewo varipo kwaiva chinhu makwikwi kuti ukuru pamusoro nyika zvevaPolish mugovanisi kumusasa.

Kokutanga chakakomba dambudziko iri Sino-Soviet noukama chakatsanangurwa muna 1956, apo Soviet Union akatora chikamu mune kudzvinyirira dzakakurumbira yokumukira muHungary nePoland. Ipapo Mao akashora zviito Moscow. Kushatiswa ezvinhu pakati penyika mbiri sei uye yeuka kuti vanachiremba Soviet vaiva China uye akamubatsira kuti abudirire kuva zvose upfumi uye muchiuto. Izvi zvakaitwa nokuda zhinji vakakutsamwisai pamusoro chikamu China.

Pamusoro Mao Tszedun ndaisava kunetseka kuti Kumadokero China, uye kunyanya Xinjiang achine mauto eSoviet vakagarapo kubva 1934. Chokwadi kuti masoja Red Army akatora chikamu mune kudzvinyirira pamusoro yemuna munyika idzi Muslim. Helmsman Great, sezvo ainzi Mao aitya kuti mundima iyi uchabva kuna USSR.

By yechipiri yezana 60s, apo Khrushchev akabviswa pachigaro, zvinhu vakashorawo zvachose. Izvi runoratidzwa ndechokuti hondo isati akatanga pamusoro Sino-Soviet nedzenyu hukama pakati penyika mbiri iripo panguva gweta pfupi chete.

muganhu kudenhwa

Yakanga pashure Khrushchev kubva paupenyu huno simba mamiriro ezvinhu pachitsuwa zvava kuda kushata. The Chinese vakatanga kutumirwa kumuganhu dzakati vakawanda mundima yavo inonzi zvokurima kupesana. Ivo akayeuchidza Arakcheyev nemisha muchiuto, kuita pasi Nicholas I, uyo vakakwanisa kusangana zvakazara nezvavanoda zvokudya kwete chete, asi kana akamuka kudiwa kuzvidzivirira uye nyika yavo nechisimba.

Mumakore kuma60 zviitiko chitsuwa Sino-Soviet akatanga kukura nokukurumidza. Kokutanga yakabhururukira Moscow anoshuma kuti mapoka makuru Chinese masoja uye vanhuwo zvavo vanogara vanotyora yakasimbiswa hurumende muganhu uye kuenda kundima Soviet, apo vakadzingwa pasina kushandisa zvombo. Vazhinji ndivo vanhuwo zvavo vakanga vaita chinhu wakananga zvigare kana nokushandisa muchina wokucheka uswa. Zvisinei, havana akataura kuti vari inonzi iri China.

Gore negore nhamba kuvadenha kwakadaro yakawedzera, uye vakatanga kuti vawane zvakawanda richikwidibira. Red Guards apinda kurwiswa (the Cultural Revolution kurovedzera) Soviet pamuganhu nzvimbo. chiito chakadaro chisimba kuburikidza Chinese nechekare vakaverengwa zviuru, uye ndave zvinobatanidzwa vanoverengeka zana vanhu mavari. Muenzaniso uyu ndiwo chiitiko chinotevera. Hazvina chete anga 4 Mazuva kubva anouya 1969. Ipapo Kirkinskii pachitsuwa, uye ikozvino Tsilintsindao Chinese kufanorongwa rakamutsa, yakanga wakapindwa nevanhu vanenge 500.

boka kurwa

Nepo hurumende yeSoviet vakati kuti Chinese vanhu - a sehama rudzi, zvose pamusoro kusimukira zviitiko Sino-Soviet akapupura zvinopesana. Pose maviri inoti muganhu varindi netsaona rwizi nharo ndima, akatanga kutaura akatadza kuwirirana, iyo zvino akakura kupinda melee skirmishes. kazhinji kupera mukukunda akasimba uye makuru varwi Soviet uye misha yose Chinese kudivi ravo.

Ose nguva Chinese muganhu varindi vakaedza firimu racho muchikwata kurwa uye zvadaro kuzvishandisa kuti vazivikanwe. kuedza kwakadaro nguva dzose neutralized ne Soviet pamuganhu nevarindi, uyo haana kuzeza kurova psevdozhurnalistov uye akatora dzavo firimu footage. Pasinei neizvi, Chinese masoja, fanatically vakazvipira dzavo "mwari" pamusoro Mao Zedong, zvakare akadzokera chitsuwa Damanskiy apo kwavaigona zvakare kurohwa kana vakatourayiwa muzita mutungamiri rake guru. Asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti yakadaro boka kurwisa melee kuzombouya.

gadziriro China nokuda hondo

Mumwe muganhu kunetsana kunyange zvinoita duku kuti sembura mamiriro pakati China uye USSR. The Chinese utungamiri yave nguva akawedzera kuvhara kumuganhu mundima dzavo zviumbu zvechiuto uye anokosha zviyero, akaumba anonzi basa hondo. Saka akavaka nyanya muuto ehurumende mapurazi, rudzi nemauto vanhu.

Mukuwedzera, nhamba vanoshingaira mapoka vagari vakaumba zvevanhu varwi. Vakanga kushandiswa kwete chete pakudzivirira muganhu, asi kuti adzorere hurongwa ose nemisha yaiva pedyo nayo. Zviumbu rinoumbwa boka vagari vemo, dzakanga inotungamirirwa vamiririri paruzhinji kuchengeteka.

1969. Nenyika Chinese nharaunda dzinenge 200 km hwayo uye akagamuchira mamiriro kunorambidzwa zvino vaiona yakanaka kuzvidzivirira mutsetse. vagari vose vane chero mhuri ukama neSoviet Union, kana tsitsi kwairi, vave kutamiswa zvakawanda mumaruwa China.

Sezvo Soviet Union yakanga kugadzirira hondo

Hatigoni kutaura kuti Sino-Soviet kurwisana Soviet Union abatwa takarivara. Pakupindurwa akavaka-up of Chinese mauto munharaunda pamuganhu, muSoviet Union uyewo akatanga kusimbisa nemiganhu yayo. Chokutanga, takaita redeployment mamwe zviumbu uye idzodzo zviri nechepakati uye okumavirira munyika iri Trans-Baikal nharaunda uye kuFar East. Uyewo muganhu Pfekenura kwave nani mune mashoko engineering zvivako, vakanga vakagadzirira paine zvekushandisa kuchengeteka hurongwa. Uyezve, kuedza awedzera uto kudzidzisa varwi.

Chikurukuru, zuva risati nokutambudzika Sino-Soviet kurwisana, zvose muganhu boka ravarwi uye dzimwe zviyero zvakagoverwa pamwe vakawanda inorema zvigwagwagwa, uye Anti tangi girinedhi launchers nezvimwe zvombo. Paiva warrior vashandi vatakuri BTR-60 uye BTR-PB 60 PA. In zvikuru wokumusoro zvakagadzirwa Mobile mapoka.

Pasinei ose kuvandudzika, kuchengeteka midziyo zvakadaro haana kukwana. Chokwadi chokuti doro hondo China kukumbira chete michina zvakanaka, asi vamwe unyanzvi uye vamwe ruzivo kukura zvigadzirwa zvitsva izvi, uyewo unyanzvi kuzvishandisa zvakananga kosi rehondo.

Zvino, pashure pemakore akawanda kudaro pashure Sino-Soviet makakatanwa zvaitika, zvinogona vakagumisa kuti utungamiri munyika yakanga kurerutswa kukomba yacho kwakamuka ezvinhu pamuganhu, saka kuti vamiriri vayo havana kugadzirira dzinga utsinye nomuvengi. Uyewo, pasinei unopinza kudzikira mune ukama China uye yekudyidzana zvakawedzera uwandu vakakutsamwisai kunobva kuwanikwa, murayiro wakapiwa muchinyatsongwarira orders: "Usashandisa zvombo pasi chero chokumupomera!"

Raitika ruvengo

The Sino-Soviet kunetsana muna 1969 akatanga nepfungwa yokuti vanenge 300 masoja China Army, akapfeka chando kamafurashi, vakayambuka muganhu yeSoviet. Zvino usiku March 2. The Chinese mayambuka chitsuwa Damanskiy. The kunetsana akanga kutanga.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti masoja muvengi vakanga vakapakata. Clothing akanga akasununguka chaizvo uye ushamwari, mukuwedzera, vakanga vari kamafurashi overalls chena. Chete Mucheka akaputira maoko avo. Kuti haisi kwatinhira, ramrod akanga akafukidzwa Paraffin. All zvombo vakange vanavo, yakaitwa China, asi chete pasi marezinesi Soviet. Chinese varwi vakabata carbines SKS, AK-47 uye TT pfuti.

Akayambuka akaenda chitsuwa, ivo akarara kumadokero norwizi uye vakamira pamusoro pechikomo. Pakarepo zvichangoitika, rakachengetedzwa kugadziridzwa uye runhare kuonana kumahombekombe. Manheru waiva rakanaya chando, iyo akaviga zvisaririra zvose zvavo. Zvino akavata kusvikira mangwana pamusoro nepanhovo, uye panguva nenguva basking pakuti vakanwa vodka.

Pamberi Sino-Soviet kurwisana akanga asati kwakawedzera kupinda kurwisana nezvombo, Chinese vakagadzirira kutsigira mutsetse varwi vayo kubva kumahombekombe. Paiva kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo akashongedzerwa chikuva kuti recoilless pfuti, mumaturi uye rinorema zvigwagwagwa. Uyezve, hoyu inifanduri rinosvika 300 vanhu.

At kumuganhu ungwaru eSoviet akanga asina zviridzwa usiku pakuongorora dzakapoterera ndima, saka havana kuona chero kugadzirira zvechiuto chiito nomuvengi. Uyezve, kubva padyo romukova kuti Damansky zvakanga 800 m, uye maonero panguva yakanga yakaipa kwazvo. Kunyange 9:00 am, kana muganhu hembe zvinosanganisira vanhu vatatu, dzaifamba famba munzvimbo dzaiyambuka chitsuwa, Chinese akasawanikwa. Border Vanotyora mutemo hakuiti pachayo rakapa.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mukakavadzane pamusoro Sino-Soviet akatanga kubva nguva apo vanenge 10,40 riri pamuganhu "Nizhne-Mikhailovka", chiri 12 km rwezasi, vakagamuchira mushumo vemauto rucherechedzo pambiru. Rakati kuti boka revarume zvombo, rinosvika vanhu 30 yakawanikwa. Yaaifamba kubva kumuganhu pamwe China yakananga Sino-Soviet. Chief veboka revarwi vairinda aiva mukuru refutenendi Ivan Strelnikov. Akapa Kuti nomination, uye vashandi dzemisha muhondo nemotokari. Strelnikov navarwi nomwe vakaenda GAZ-69, sajeni B. Rabovich I S iye 13 varume - on BTR-60 PB uye J. Babanskii boka, zvinosanganisira 12 Muganhu varindi - on GAZ-63. Last muchina akaita lagged shure mamwe maviri 15 maminitsi, sezvo zvikazooneka kuti aiva nechinetso muinjini.

vokutanga

Patakasvika, boka rinotungamirirwa Strelnikov, iyo inosanganisira mifananidzo Nikolai Petrov, akaenda Chinese. Vakanga ndichirairira pamusoro zvisiri pamutemo pamuganhu kuyambuka, uyewo zvinodiwa pakarepo kusiya mundima Soviet Union. Pashure paizvozvo, vamwe Chinese vakadanidzira, uye ivo dzakakora kutanga kuparadzaniswa. Masoja Chinese akazarura otomatiki moto pamusoro Strelnikov uye boka rake. Soviet varindi muganhu vakaurayiwa pakarepo. Right kubva pamaoko atofa Petrov akatora firimu kamera, iye filmed zvose zvinoitika, asi kamera haana kuona - mauto pakugumburwa, akafuka muviri wake. It akamboitirwa wokutanga, akanga achangobva kutanga Sino-Soviet kunetsana.

Chechipiri boka pasi murayiro Rabovicha vaizvitora hondo dzisakarurama. Iye akapfura shure rokupedzisira. Nokukurumidza asvika uye navamwe varwi rinotungamirirwa Yu Babanskii. Vakanonga kuzvidzivirira panzvimbo shure mamwe masoja avo, akamwisa muvengi muchina-pfuti moto. Somugumisiro, boka rose akaurayiwa Rabovicha. In vakapona bedzi chishamiso vakapukunyuka vanhuwo Gennadiy Serebrov. Ndiye akaudza zvose zvakanga zvaitika mamwe masoja ake.

Babanskii boka akaramba kurwa, asi ammo nokukurumidza kupera. saka zvakanga akasarudza kuenda. The vasara Varindi vachirarama APCs rwaipotera mundima yeSoviet. Uye panguva ino kumununura kukurumidza varwi 20 kubva pedyo revarwi vairinda "Kulebyakiny chikomo" rinotungamirirwa Vitaliem Bubeninym. Akanga ari kuchamhembe Sino-Soviet ari chinhambwe 18 km. Naizvozvo, rubatsiro yakasvika chete 11.30. Border varindi vakabvumirawo kurwa, asi mauto akanga dzisakarurama. Naizvozvo, mutungamiri wavo akasarudza yokunzvenga Chinese akavandira neshure.

Bubenin uye 4 masoja, achinyatsotaurira ane APC, uye akafamba kwakawanda muvengi akatanga vachiridzira kwaari vachibva neshure, uye vamwe varindi vakanga nechinangwa moto kubva chitsuwa. Pasinei nokuti Chinese zvave kakawanda kupfuura vakanga vari vanoshorwa zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu. Somugumisiro, izvozvo akakwanisa kuparadza Chinese Bubenin murayiro pambiru. Pashure paizvozvo, masoja muvengi akatanga kusiya chinzvimbo, achitora navo vakafa uye akuvadzwa.

Around 12.00 chitsuwa Sino-Soviet kurwisana yakanga ichiri kuenda mberi, akauya Colonel D. Mazura. Ndiye mukuru muchiuto mukomboni Muganhu varindi yaiva anofambisa pamusoro 100 km kubva panzvimbo kurwa. Naivowo apinda fray, uye madekwana iwoyo varwi Soviet akakwanisa achazunza chitsuwa.

Muhondo iyi akauraya 32 muganhu varindi, uye varwi 14 vakakuvadzwa. Vanhu vangani vakafirwa vokuChina divi, zvichiri kuzivikanwa, sezvo mashoko yakadaro Classified. Maererano nokufungidzira of Soviet muganhu varindi, China akaita kushayikwa pamusoro 100-150 varwi vayo uye vatariri.

mberi kunetsana

Uye zvakadini Moscow? On nhasi, Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev akadana vakuru nomuganhu nevarwi USSR General V. Matrosov uye akashamiswa kuti akadini; nyore kupesana kana hondo China? Mumwe mukuru mukuru muchiuto mukuru aifanira kuziva mamiriro pamuganhu, asi sezvo zvikazooneka, akanga asina kuziva. Saka, iye akashevedza zviitiko nyore kusawirirana. Haana kuziva kuti muganhu varindi kwemaawa anoverengeka, chengeta mupomerwi panguva vakawanda ukuru muvengi, kwete chete manpower asiwo maoko.

Mushure kudhumhana, kwakaitika musi March 2 Damanskiy nguva dzaifamba famba munzvimbo dzaiyambuka nevanhu yanyatsosimba nguo, uye vari kurera makiromita mashoma kubva pachitsuwa rose inifanduri nekupesana, apo kuwedzera atirari akanga muAtlantic uye ipapo chitundumuseremusere launchers vaiva "Grad". China ari kugadzirira chinotevera kurwisa. By muganhu akasungirirwa chinokosha nhamba wamapoka - vanenge 5,000 vanhu.

Ndinofanira kutaura, kumuganhu varindi vakanga vasina mirayiridzo zvokuita inotevera. Pakanga pasina tsamba mirairo kubva General Staff, kana nokuda Gurukota Defence. In dzinonetsa ezvinhu, kunyarara utungamiri munyika vachidhakwa. Nhoroondo Soviet Union rizere kwakadaro chokwadi. Somuenzaniso, tora chakajeka kwavari: mumazuva Hondo Yenyika II mangwanani, Stalin akakonewa nokuparura kukumbira reSoviet vanhu. Kuti kusiya utungamiriri pamusoro USSR kunogona kutsanangurwa nenzira kuvhiringidzika kwakakwana nemuzviito vemauto wokumusoro romukova March 14, 1969, apo danho rechipiri Sino-Soviet kunetsana.

At 15.00 Muganhu varindi vakarayirwa kuti: "Siya Sino-yeSoviet" (vachiri kuzivikanwa uyo akapa murayiro uyu). Panongotanga mauto eSoviet akabva pachitsuwa, Chinese pakarepo akatanga mapoka maduku kumhanya mhiri uye kusimbisa nzvimbo dzavo zvechiuto. Uye vanenge 20.00 akaenda vakomana hurongwa: ". Tora Sino-Soviet"

Unpreparedness uye kuvhiringidzika ushe hwose. Dzinopikisana mirairo vakagamuchira ichi-, kupfuura musoro vavo muganhu varindi vakaramba vachiteerera. Muhondo iyi, akauraya Colonel Demokrat Mazura, uyo akaedza circumvent muvengi neshure itsva muchivande T-62 tangi. The motokari payakarovera uye yakarasika. Akaedza kuparadza mumaturi, asi nezviito izvi havana kubudirira - ikawira kuburikidza chando. Kwapera nguva, Chinese vakarera pemvura tangi, uye zvino ari muchiuto miziyamu muna Beijing. izvi zvose nokuti kuti Colonel haana kuziva chitsuwa, saka dzehondo Soviet saka imprudently akasvika pedyo nzvimbo muvengi.

The anomboitika yakaguma kurutivi Soviet vaifanira kushandisa chitundumuseremusere launchers "Grad" pamusoro pevane masimba muvengi. Iyi ndiyo nguva yokutanga iyo yave kushandiswa akafanana chombo mukurwisana chaiyo. It gadza "Grad" uye vakasarudza migumisiro hondo. Pashure paizvozvo paiva runyararo.

migumisiro

Pasinei nokuti Soviet-Chinese kunetsana yakaguma muna zvakakwana kukunda nokuda Soviet Union, kwakadzama pamusoro zvokuyamura Damansky wakagara anenge 20 makore. Chete muna 1991 chitsuwa kwaitanga akazova Chinese. It yava kunzi Zhenbao, zvinoreva "inokosha".

Panguva muchiuto kurwisana USSR akarasikirwa vanhu 58, 4 vavo - vakuru. China, maererano nokufungidzira siyana, varasikirwa 500 kusvika 3,000 wamapoka ayo.

Nokuti ushingi ake, varindi shanu dzakanga paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union, vatatu vavo - paakanga afa. Mumwe Varwi 148 vakanga paakavapa vamwe mirairo uye Medals.