Swedish Korol Karl 12: Biography, nhoroondo, mapikicha, makore oupenyu hwake, uye ushe

Chimwe chezvinhu dzichipesana madzimambo ose dzekuma Scandinavia aiva Swedish Korol Karl 12. Panguva yokutonga kwake kukunda Air nyika zvasvika kunonyanyisa mwero dzavo, asi, somugumisiro kukundwa muhondo, kwaiva kuguma Swedish Empire. Mumwe mukuru magamba rudzi kana kurasikirwa raiva Carl 12 - Mambo Swedish? Biography of mambo ichatitendera kuti vaongorore nyaya iyi.

udiki

Chii chakanga murume uyu - Swedish Korol Karl 12? Brief Biography pamusoro pamambo Sezvaitarisirwa, yakatanga kuberekwa Crowned munhu. Kuti uchava kutanga pfungwa nyaya yedu.

Saka, remangwana Swedish Korol Karl 12, akaberekwa muna June 1682 muguta guru pamusoro Stockholm. baba vake aiva mambo Sweden Carl 11-Palatinate Tsvaybryukkenskoy chigaro, uye mai vake - Ulrika Eleonora, mwanasikana waMambo Frederik pamusoro Denmark 3.

12 Karl akanga chaizvo zvakanaka dzidzo iyoyo, sezvinoratidzwa dzinenge chokwadi kuti murume wake achiri kutaura mitauro inoverengeka.

Pamukwidzwa choumambo

Karl 11, akafa mangwanani, nemakore 41, apo mwanakomana wake aiva nemakore 14 chete okuberekwa. Kubvira ipapo Carl 12 - Mambo Swedish. Akanga korona pakarepo mushure nomubereki muna March 1697.

Pasinei zvido zvababa vake uye saibva zera 12 Karl vakasimbirira kuzivikanwa kwezera rake uye vanoramba regency kutarisira.

Yokutanga pokurwa

Kubva makore rokutanga rokubata kwake ushe, akava zvematongerwo siyana rutsigiro rwemauto Carl 12 - Mambo Swedish. The Biography pamusoro mutongi uyu anenge zvachose rinoumbwa kurondedzerwa yaaitonga. In vakanyorerana kakawanda basa hakusi yokupedzisira basa reDare vaduku maximalism.

12 Karl aiziva kuti aizova kwandakaita Russia mubatanidzwa, Denmark uye Poland, asi, zvakadaro, haana kuzeza kutanga nyika idzi dziri pavanotaurirana. kava yake yokutanga akatuma pamusoro Denmark muna 1700. Saka vakatanga Guru Northern War.

The chikonzero zvechiuto chiito raiva kurwisa hama Karl 12, King Frederik pamusoro Denmark, mutsigiri namambo Swedish Fridriha Golshteyn-Gottorp. Vachitora naye rechiuto contingent zviduku, Karl akaita 12 kunokurumidza kumhara mu guta guru rayo aikwikwidza - guta Copenhagen. Hatitombodi uye nokukurumidza kuita mambo wokuSweden aitofanira kukumbira Danish mambo wenyika, haana kutarisira akakurumidza vechiduku Charles akadaro.

Denmark kusarenda chokwadi chakaita rikwanise Kusagutsikana pakati vatsigiri vayo - Mambo Polish August 2, uyo aivawo Elector pamusoro Saxony, uye Russian chamber Peter 1, pashure zita remadunhurirwa Guru.

The nehondo kuBaltic States

In February 1700 iri Saxon mauto vakakomba August 2 guta Swedish zviri kuBaltic States. Nokukurumidza hondo akabatana yakasimba vamiririri Anti-Swedish mubatanidzwa - 1 Peter.

Mauto eRussia akakomba kuBaltic guta Narva uye Ivangorod, anazvo ne Sweden. Pakadaro, Carl 12 akaratidza zvakare kutsunga kwayo uye nokukurumidza kufunga. At musoro expeditionary Corps, kare vakapemberera ravo kukunda pamusoro Denmark, iye asvika ari kuBaltic States. Pasinei nokuti mauto Russian hondo pasi murayiro Field Marshal of Koror katatu kupfuura mauto Swedish, Karl akanga asingatyi kupa kuhondo kusarudza zvokuita. Ushingi wake mubayiro sezvo Sweden nesimba rakakwana kukunda. Uto Russian vakatambura vaipiwa kusanganiswa uye zvinhu Nokurasikirwa, ndivo zvakarasikirwa zvose zvavo atirari.

Kuzvidzora pamusoro Pribaltikoy Karlom 12 rukaporeswa.

Hondo Poland

Inotevera mupikisi Charles 12, uyo aiva kubata, aiva Mambo muPoland uye Elector pamusoro Saxony panguva imwe chete riri August 2.

Zvinofanira akati kuti August 2 aigona chete kuvimba Saxon hondo. In Poland, aiva mweni, vakokwawo choushe. Kunze kwazvo enyika ari Commonwealth yaisanganisira kusavapo vanachandagwinyira centralized utariri, yakawanda rusununguko kwamachinda, izvo akasika youmambo simba iwayo simba. Tisingatauri kuti muPoland makanga zvinopesana August 2, akagadzirira kutsigira Karl 12. The achitungamirira mumabasa taitamba magnate Stanisław Leszczynski.

Swedish Korol Karl 12 muna 1702 yakarwisa Poland. At Hondo Klishove iye yakadonha August 2, pasinei nokuti hondo yake dziwande muduku muvengi mauto kaviri. The yeSweden vakatapa zvose muvengi atirari.

Muna 1704, vamiririri vokuPoland vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata, vaitsigira Charles 12, August 2 uye pachigaro akadanidzira mambo Stanislava Leschinskogo. De facto kudzora nharaunda Rzeczpospolita Korol Stanislav akakwanisa kumisa pamwe vatsigire Swedish mambo muna 1706. Zvino pashure 12 Carl pakupedzisira akamedura 2 August uye akamanikidza ekupedzisira kugumisa Altranshtedsky nyika, maererano aakataura zvasiya vokuPoland choushe, asi wakachengeta nevanovhota pamusoro Saxony.

Kwidza muRussia

Saka, pakazopera 1706 ari muhurumende yose, uchirwisana Swedish, chete Russia akagara panhengo. Asi yake dambudziko aiita kuti chisimbiso. Hondo Charles Makakunda Russian panguva iyoyo Achinosangana nezvimwe inoti. Zvino, kana Peter 1 akarasika vatsigiri, chete chishamiso aigona kuponesa Russian umambo kubva zvachose kusarenda.

Zvisinei, ukuwo Swedish King Carl 12 maigara Polish mabasa, Peter 1 akakwanisa achazunza dzinotevedzana ake mumaguta Baltic uye kunyange zvinowanikwa munharaunda guru rake idzva - St. Petersburg. Sezvingatarisirwa, izvi zvakakonzera kufara Air mambo. Akasarudza kuita umwe akarova nemuvengi, anokunda Moscow.

Sezvo ari kurwa wokuPoland, pamberi nechisimba Charles 12 akawana vatsigiri. Somunhu wedzera-yakaitwa Little Russian Hetman Ivan Mazepa uye Cossack navatariri, vasingagutsikane kukamurwa rusununguko kwavo tsarist hwechiKomonisiti. Kuti rutsigiro Mazeppa wakaita basa rinokosha mune kusarudza kutama kuburikidza Little Russia kuMoscow Charles. Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura, asi Petro 1 vasingatendi wokurangana ichi, sezvo iri chaizvo vakavimbika kuna Cossack hetman, asi chokwadi pamusoro chibvumirano pakati pamambo Swedish uye Mazepa naye kupfuura kamwe yakashuma. Uyezve, mutsigiri Charles 12, aifanira kuita hweOttoman Empire, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva hondo nesimba Russian.

Mumatsutso 1708 varwi Charles 12, akapinda nharaunda yeushe Russian, chakanga nokukurumidza azova Empire Russian. Mambo wokuSweden akaenda Little Russia, uye kununura kwake kubva reBaltic vakatamira General Lewenhaupt. Muna September 1708, iye vakakundwa eRussia pasi Forest, uye vasina nguva kubatanidza pamwe ake changamire.

hondo Poltava

12 Carl (King wokuSweden) uye Petro 1 vakasangana muna 1709 mune hondo Poltava, inova Air mambo rakakombwa kwemwedzi inoverengeka. Chaizvoizvo yakanga hondo evasingatombonamati Russian kwete chete rutsigiro, asi yose Northern War yairwirwa. Kurwa kukuru, uye nengaidzo iri tilting mune rimwe divi uye nekwakewo. Pakupedzisira, nemhaka shasha Petro 1, nyika yeSweden akavhuniwa zvachose. Vakarasa anenge 10,000 vakauraya uye akuvadzwa, uye vanopfuura zviuru 2.5. Vanhu vakabatwa.

12 Karl pachake akakuvadzwa uye haawanzotauri akapukunyuka pamwe vakazvitsaurira vanhu, kusiya guru chikamu kuhondo kurohwa. Pashure paizvozvo, vakasara hondo Swedish capitulated pa Perevolochna. Saka, nhamba vasungwa yeSweden yakawedzera 10-15 zviuru. Man.

hondo dzinokosha chaiva Russia, iyo airwadziwa Swedish King Carl 12. Photos dzekereke, iyo yakavakwa pakuyeuka chiitiko chikuru ichi pamusoro nzvimbo yehondo, anoiswa pamusoro.

Zvikonzero kukundwa

Asi nokuda kwechikonzero ndakarasikirwa hondo Carl 12 - Mambo Swedish? Makore mambo rokutonga vakanga segwapa mbiri kukunda, uye zvikuru ezvinhu. Aiva shasha Petro 1?

Chokwadi, Russian changamire tarenda muchiuto akabatanidzwa rinokosha pakuita kukunda yeSweden, asi pakanga zvimwe zvinokosha. Uto Russian kaviri, uye zvichida zvimwe, vakawanda kudarika Swedish. Ivan Mazepa, rubatsiro zvinotarisirwa nokuti Carl akanga asingakwanisi nechokwadi ruzhinji Cossacks kusvikira kurutivi Swedish mambo. Mukuwedzera, vokuTurkey havana kukurumidza kubatsira.

A rinokosha pakuita pokukundwa Charles ndechokuti kuchinja munharaunda Russia Akapiwa hakusi nyore. hondo yake vakatambura zvikuru asiri rwisana Nokurasikirwa chokuita kwokuomerwa mushandirapamwe. Uyezve, zviri kuramba ruffled kwemashifiti Russian aifamba nemabhiza nezvakasiyana uchirwisa uye akavanda. Saka, zvachose kurasikirwa hondo Swedish panguva yayo yokusvika Poltava, chakaita kwerinenge chetatu mauto. Pashure paizvozvo, nyika yeSweden vachiri inenge mitatu kunokomba Poltava. Mauto Russian haisi chete kaviri yeSweden ari nhamba, asi kwaivawo nekaupenyu yakachena, mukusiyana kuti arohwa muvengi mauto.

Usakanganwa kuti apo Karl 12 panguva yehondo, uye akanga atova vehondo akakurumbira, asi, zvakadaro, aiva nemakore 27 chete okuberekwa, uye vechidiki - munhu kakawanda shamwari dzinouraya zvikanganiso.

Agere Bendery

Vose hwangu 12 Charles aiva kutsivana vakakurirwa uye nezvipingamupinyi. Poltava hondo akava mhando Rubicon pakati pamakore wokubwinya nokunyadziswa. Mushure vanotyisa kukundwa pamusoro Carl Peter 1 12 vakatizira nhaka yayo shamwari - the Turkish Sultan. mambo wokuSweden rakamira muguta Bendery, kuti nharaunda wepanguva Transnistria.

Ndakafirwa hondo yose, Mambo Sweden akamanikidzwa kundorwa Russian nezvibvumirano. Akakurudzira Turkish Sultan kuenda kundorwa Russian kunyikadzimu. Muna 1711, kuedza ake pakupedzisira kuuya zviitike. Between Russia uye hweOttoman Empire akatanga imwe hondo. Zvabuda vakanga kugumbura kwake Peter 1: iye akapotsa akabatwa uye vakarasikirwa vamwe zvavo. Asi Carl uye 12 kukunda iyi, vokuTurkey yakahwina chinhu. Uyezve, maererano nyika, akagumisa muna 1713 pakati hweOttoman Empire uye Russia, mambo wokuSweden akanga nechisimba akadzingwa ne Sultan pamusoro Turkish pfuma. Paiva kunyange nharo pamwe Janissaries, iro Carl akakuvara.

Saka kupera nguva dzokugara mambo wokuSweden muna Bender kwemakore mana. Panguva ino, umambo hwake akaramba ari kukura yekudyidzana. It akarasika munharaunda Finland, kuBaltic States uye Germany. In Poland zvakare akatonga refu anokumhan'arira Charles 12 - August 2.

Homecoming

Mazuva gumi 12 Carl akayambuka yose Europe uye uchisvika paguta Stralsund - Swedish pfuma iri kumaodzanyemba kweGungwa reBaltic. It chete akanga kunokurumidziswa ari vokuDenmark. Karl paakaedza guta duku contingent revarwi, asi akakundikana. Pashure paizvozvo, akatamira Sweden kuramba muridzi wayo kanenge muna dzekuma Scandinavia.

Carl akaramba achishingaira mashandiro muNorway, raiva chikamu Danish korona. Panguva iyoyowo, kunzwisisa kunzwisisa ake ezvinhu, aiedza kugumisa rugare chibvumirano Russia.

rufu

Maererano pamutemo shanduro, Karl 12, akaurayiwa muna 1718 muNorway nemukuru rakarasika bara, vachirwa vokuDenmark. Zvino munhare Fredriksten.

Maererano neimwe shanduro, rufu rwake waiva mugumisiro rangano yacho vakakwirira Swedish, zvakarudzwa vasingagutsikane vakundikana vatorwa mutemo wamambo.

It kuchiri mubvunzo chakavanzika pamusoro ane ruoko akarasika makore Swedish King Carl 12 upenyu mambo ichi - kubva 1682 kusvika 1718. Rufu vakabata Charles mumakore 36.

General unhu

Inobwinya, mupfumi, asi pfupi upenyu akararama Swedish Korol Karl 12. Biography, nhoroondo mishandirapamwe ake uye rufu vaionekwa vari pakudzokorora uku. kare vakawanda vanobvuma kuti Karl 12 aiva mukuru muchiuto mutungamiri uyo aiziva nzira kuhwina hondo, navarwi vashoma kupfuura muvengi. Zvisinei, pane utera hwake somunhu yokutungamirira. 12 Karl akanga asingakwanisi kuwana kubudirira Sweden ramangwana. Nechekare muupenyu hwake asati simba yakatanga isaparara.

Asi, chokwadi, Karl 12 ndeimwe zvikuru hunhu munhoroondo Swedish.