HweOttoman umambo

HweOttoman (hweOttoman) Empire, ane nhoroondo yakatanga remakore rechi14 (kubva kwokuderera Byzantium), rakaumbwa muna Anatolia vokuTurkey madzinza. State kusvikira 1922 akawanda gore - kubva paumbwe Turkish Republic. Vakatumidza hweTurkey pashure yokutanga Sultan - muvambi Osman dzinza.

Pakutanga rekutonga Sultan akawedzera nhaka yake, annexing ndima kubva Marmara neGungwa Black, chikamu chikuru munyika kumadokero Sakarya River.

Pakafa Uthman akatsiviwa ake Orhan. Bursa (aimbova guta Byzantine) - Panguva yokutonga kwake, renyika akabvumirwa.

Mushure Orhan akava mutongi mwanakomana wake mukuru Murad 1. Ichi yokutungamirira kukuru akakwanisa kusimbisa pamberi mauto ayo ari mamiriro Europe. Murad 1 muna 1389 vakakunda muchinda Serbian pana Kosovo Polje. Somugumisiro muhondo iyi hweOttoman Empire awana dzakawanda kumaodzanyemba nzvimbo Danube.

Ezvinhu hurumende munyika kwaibva ibatanidzo Byzantine, Seljuk uye Arab tsika. On nyika yakanga aizokundwa kuvaOttoman, vakaedza kuramba kure sezvinobvira tsika dzeko, kwete kuparadza nhoroondo ukama.

Uyezve akudziridze nharaunda hweOttoman Empire paitonga mwanakomana wake Murad 1, Bayezid 1. rinonyatsooneka vakunda Hondo Nikoporisi muna 1396 (Danube). Zvisinei, pasinei okunze kubudirira, hweOttoman Empire vakatambura zvinetso zvikuru chakakomba, zvose kwokunze uye dzakawanda. Kazhinji tsika unhu mutongi, ake revakadzi hombe, yakaisvonaka mhemberero mumuzinda akadana zhinji Ghazi bundu. Uyezve, kuva nehanya uye musango Bayazid pamusoro vaMuslim uye dzimwe Gazi muna Asia Minor. Somugumisiro, vakawanda veko Beys akatamira Tamerlane uye nechokwadi kutanga pamusoro hweOttoman mutongi hondo.

Somugumisiro pakurwa 1402 mauto Bayezid yakanga vakakundwa uye akabatwa mutongi amene. The hweTurkey akanga ichiparara nokuda nekutambira mishandirapamwe ose Tamerlane. Zvisinei, nokuti sultans zvakanzi rakaramba simba pamusoro dzimwe nzvimbo munyika.

Muzana remakore rechi15 zviri hweOttoman mamiriro akanga akaita mutemo dzomunyika nokubatanidzwazve uye kuwedzera zvokunze uye nokusimbaradza miganhu.

The "ndarama" nokuti umambo rakava remakore rechi16. Panguva iyi, aitonga Sulaiman 1, kuda zvikuru kwokungosimbisa wengarava simba ehurumende. The pezana remakore rechi16 yakanga ichatonga zvine mbiri mapurani uye mabhuku.

In hweOttoman Empire panguva iyoyo akanga hunodzorwa feudal ukama, uye uto sangano uye administrative hurongwa vakanga muronga mutemo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pashure nguva ino (pashure pokutonga Suleyman 1) sultans vakawanda vakanga zvakakwana simba vatongi. Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi17, mamiriro akaita kudzorwa hurumende. Kwekutanga umambo iripo zvikuru utsinye tsika - kupinda chigaro Sultan akauraya vanun'una vake vose. Sezvo 1603 vatongi hama dzavo vakatutirana kunyanya kumaruwa chikamu yamambo, apo akapedza upenyu hwake hwose, kumutungamiriri afa. Kana Sultan akafa, nzvimbo yake rakasvika mukuru vasungwa. Somugumisiro, mashoko sultans havana zvinenge zvose akatonga 17-18 emakore, kukura pfungwa, uye chokwadi, akanga asina enyika ruzivo. Nokuti zvakanga kufanira mutongi, nyika huru akatanga kurasikirwa kubatana kwayo, uye hurumende pachayo akatanga nokukurumidza kuneta.

Somugumisiro hweOttoman Empire muzana remakore rechi18, yava akarasikirwa zvikuru nesimba rayo muMediterranean. Okuguma War Years Seven ' wakatsamwisa mamwe kurwisa hurumende. Saka, umambo akawana, asi wakare muvengi Austria, mumwe muvengi itsva - Russia.