Icho chinyorwa ndechekunyora kana mutori wenhau here?

"Nyanzvi" izwi rinoshandiswa mune dzimwe pfungwa. Vanoratidzira rumwe rudzi rwemabasa ezvinyorwa, runyorwa rwemabhuku uye, pakupedzisira, izvo zvinonzi zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemapepanhau, magazini kana mamwe mashizha makuru.

Mune rimwe shoko, chinhu chapedyo kune uyo akatumidzwa ndeye "chinyorwa", icho mumitemo yakawanda chinotsanangura zvinhu zvetsika uye mutauro wemabasa ose anogona kuverengwa maererano nenguva.

Chii chinyorwa chepanhau chinozivisa

Nhoroondo mumapepanhau, mumagazini kana kuterevhizheni kazhinji ndiyo inonyanyozivikanwa, sezvo inobvumira muverengi (kana muterevhizi weTV, kana zvasvika kune terevhizheni nyaya) kuti azive zviri kuitika munyika kana mune imwe nzvimbo.

Nhoroondo yezvinyorwa ndeyoruzhinji rwezviitiko zvinotakura nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupenyu hwevanhu: vezvematongerwo enyika, sayenzi, unyanzvi, nezvimwewo. Nhoroondo yehupenyu hwemitambo, mafashoni kana mitambo inogona kupiwa kuvadzidzi, uye chinangwa chikuru chemabhuku akadaro ndechokuzivisa nezvezviitiko zvakananga zvichiitika Nguva yakatarwa nguva (mukati mezuva, vhiki, mwedzi, etc.).

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti, nekuda kwehukuru hwemhando iyi yehupfumi, pane zvisiri izvo zvakasikwa kubva mumhando iyi yemabhuku. Uye izvi zvinonzwisisika, sezvo unyanzvi hwezvinyorwa muzvinyorwa hazvibviri, nokuti mashoko kwavari anopiwa nezviitiko chaiye. Izvi, zvechokwadi, zvine maitiro emutauro uye mutauro wezvinyorwa izvi - kazhinji zvinowanikwa, hazvibvumiri kududzirwa zvinokwanisika uye zvinomiririrwa kune imwe kana mitsara mina.

Zvikamu zvepepanhau nhau

Iyo chinyorwa ndiyo inonyanyozivikanwa yerudzi rwepepanhau zvinyorwa, mune maitiro ayo pane kuumbwa kwemashoko maduku, TV kana redhiyo, uyewo zviziviso. Musoro wezvinyorwa zvemashoko ehau, kugara uchinyora mharidzo inotangwa, iyo iyo kunyange peji yebhuku rino rekuziva rakashandurwa rikava rudzi rwezvinyorwa zvakapararira zvinonyora zviitiko zvezvino.

Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvine chokuita nezvinyorwa ndezvokuti zvinongoratidzira muverengi icho chaicho, pasina kuipa kuongorora uye pasina kuvakoka kuti vafunge. Chinhu chikuru chemashoko akadaro ndechokuzivisa kuti chii, kupi uye nguva yakaitika chii, chinoitika kana chichaitika munguva pfupi.

Secularle chinyorwa

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vhidhiyo yakave yakanyanyozivikanwa yezvinyorwa zvenyika. Uyu ndiwo maitiro chaiwo ehupfumi, pamusoro pehupenyu hweredzi dzebhizimusi, vatambi vakakurumbira ve cinema, yemitambo kana dzakasiyana-siyana, uyewo vanhu vane mazita emunhu wepakati akabatanidzwa nehupenyu hwenyika.

Pakutanga muRussia, England kana France, vanhu chete vevanhu vakakwirira vairemekedzwa nekukudzwa uku, ikozvino, apo kupatsanurana kwevanhu muchikoro kusati kwakataurwa, chero munhu akakurumbira (dzimwe nguva kunyange nenzira inonyanyisa) anogona kuchinja kuva hero yezvinyorwa zvenyika. Zvimwe zvikamu mumagazini, uye dzimwe nguva shanduro dzakasiyana dzakapiwa nyaya iyi chete, kurondedzera zvakagadzirwa nevanhu, kudya kwemazuva uye zviitiko kubva muupenyu hwehupenyu hwekuratidzira nyeredzi dzebhizimisi kana vanozivikanwa.

Nyaya dzezvinyorwa ndezvinyorwa, humwe humwe hukuru hwekutsvaga kwekunzwa nekufungisisa kwekutaura, izvo zvinofanirwa kutowedzera kutarisa kwezvikamu zvakanyanya zvikuru zvevanhu vose. Zvinosuruvarisa, ruzivo rwunowanikwa munhoroondo yezvepanyika, nekuda kwechido chacho nguva dzose chekufadza, kushamiswa uye kushamisika, kazhinji kusina kururama, uye dzimwe nguva kungogadzirwa.

Chii chinyorwa chezvakaitika kare

Historical chronicles is a kind of works that set the events in the order in which they occurred.

Iyi ndiyo yakakurumbira mumabhuku ekumazana uye akavharidzirwa, sekutonga, nguva kubva panguva dzakanyanya kukurudzira kusvika pakuonekwa kwepasi, kune mazuva emazuva ano omunyori. Nhau yacho kazhinji haina hanya nenhoroondo yeimwe nyika, asi kubudirira kwezvose zvakasikwa. Sezvo munyori wemabasa akadaro aiva mamiko, maitiro echechi aigara achiratidzwa mune zvakaratidzwa.

Mimwe yenyaya dzinobva mumabhuku aya akazova nheyo yemabasa ekunyora. Muenzaniso unotyisa weizvi unogona kushanda sezvinyorwa zvinoshamisa zveWilliam Shakespeare, uko munyori mukuru, zvichida asingabvi kubva pane zvaakabva, akaumba mifananidzo yemagamba uye zviitiko zvakarongeka.

Iyo nhoroondo ndeyewo nyanzvi yemhando

Kubva ipapo, iyo nhoroondo haisi yongorondedzero yezvakaitika zvezvakaitika, asiwo yezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvakasununguka , somuenzaniso, The Chronicle of the Time of Charles IX naProsper Merimee.

Nenzira, vanyori magamba makuru emabasa akadaro kazhinji vanoita chimiro chemunyori - asingatarisiri, anotarisa zvaakaona uye akazviziva (izvi zvaiwanzoshandiswa naFood Doevevky). Ezvo ME ME Saltykov-Shchedrin aifarira kufanidza iyo inonzi zita (semuenzaniso, mu "History of a City").

Muzana remakore rechi20, chinyorwa ichocho chinyorwa umo mazvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa, uyewo nhoroondo yakawanda yemaitiro (somuenzaniso, "The Life of Klim Samgin" naMaxim Gorky).