Mutemo Spikelets (chirevo "7-8"). Chakagadzirwa nenzara USSR, vakaurayiwa pakati Holodomor

Kuratidza utsinye uye ropa utongi Soviet, vatsoropodzi vave kushandiswa nharo kuti mutemo "riri Spikelets matatu". Maererano nedzimwe vanyori, murau uyu nechinangwa zvakananga pakaparadzwa miduku yokuruwa. Zvisinei, basa vaongorori uye ane zvakasiyana maonero ezvinhu.

mitsara Features

Mumakore paitonga Stalin udzvanyiriri akaita RSFSR Criminal Code. Inosimbisa Zvirango siyana mhosva zvakasiyana. Mutoro kuba Zvichakadaro chaiva chiduku, unogona kunyange kutaura kuti chokufananidzira. Somuenzaniso, kuti kuba pfuma pasina kushandisa michina zvinoreva uye pasina wokurangana nevamwe vanhu kokutanga envisaged rokumanikidzirwa kana mutirongo kusvika 3 months. Kana chiito chaitwa kakawanda kana zvisina kufanira ndivo zvaioneka yesangano, izvo zvinodiwa akuvara, chirango kushandiswa mujeri kwenguva kusvika mwedzi mitanhatu. Nokuti kuba akadzokorora kana yaida kushandisa unyanzvi nzira uyewo risati chibvumirano aifanira mujeri kusvikira rimwe gore. Chete chirango pangozi pasi kuba akaita pasina akati ezvinhu ari wharves, njanji dzemapurisa, hotels, ngarava uye zvitima. Nokuti kuba kubva kuruzhinji kana hurumende yokuchengetera zvinhu, mumwe dzigare mairi vachishandisa michina nzira kana mune wokurangana nevamwe vanhu vakagadzwa kana akaramba rokumanikidzirwa kusvikira pagore kana kusungwa anosvika 2 litres. A yakafanana mutongo akaronga kuti nyaya pasina kutoita chiito hwacho ezvinhu kana vane chinokosha kuwana zvinhu kana kuti kuvadzivirira, uye panguva mafashamo, moto kana zvimwe njodzi. Nokuti kunyanya guru kuba voruzhinji / ehurumende dzokuchengetera uye kuchengetwa zvivako, uyewo unokosha kubvuma mavari, vachishandisa michina nzira kana mune wokurangana nevamwe nematsotsi vaifanira 5 years mujeri. Sezvaunogona kuona, chirango zvawanga zvakakwana, kunyange kana paine ezvinhu zvakakura. Chokwadi, zvirango izvi hazvina kumisa mvumo. Chinetso chacho yakawedzera ndechokuti itsva mhando pfuma waiva mugumisiro collectivization - paruzhinji. Kutaura zvazviri, yakaramba pasina kudzivirira mumatare.

chirevo 7-8

Munyika paiva dambudziko yokuba. I. V. Stalin mune tsamba Kaganovich akapikisa kudiwa kufarirwa murau itsva. Zvikurukuru, akanyora kuti munguva ichangopfuura vava zvakare kakawanda kuba kwenhumbi muchitima / njanji. Kukuvara zvinofungidzirwa dzimwe makumi emamiriyoni rubles. The nyaya kuba kolkhoz uye pamwe pfuma. Kuba, sezvinoratidzwa netsamba, vakarongwa runonyanya chibhakera nezvimwe zvinhu vaida usunungure hurumende hurongwa. Maererano Criminal Code, nyaya idzi vaionekwa se zvavo mbavha, akapiwa makore 2-3 "pamutemo" mujeri. In tsika pashure 6-8 pemwedzi. ivo amnestied zvakanaka. I. V. Stalin akanongedza vaifanira sungisa kuita. Akati kuti mamwe zvakavanakira kungaita dzakakomba zvikuru nemigumisiro. Zvakaguma zvasarudzwa CEC uye SNK musi August 7, 1932 The Zvirango kuti kuba yekudyidzana akasungirirwa. Maererano normative chiito, nokuti kuba kolkhoz uye kushandira pamwe pfuma akapa kwemakore anosvika 10 ari mujeri pamberi mitigating ezvinhu. Kana zvapedzisira vakanga vasipo, ndishandise wapamusoro. Nokuti kuba yakadaro aifanira vaizopfurwa nokubvuta. Kudikanwa kubudisa normative chiito kunokonzera kusagadzikana mune hurumende. vanhu vazhinji, vanokara mari, vakaedza nepose kushandisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye kuti kupfuura pfuma.

jurisprudence

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mutemo "pamusoro Spikelets matatu" (sezvazvakanyorwa yainzi nevanhu) vakatanga kushandiswa zvikuru fanatically zviremera. Kubvira kwayo mvumo January 1, 1933 vakatongerwa:

1. To rufu - 3.5%.
2. Kwemakore 10 - 60,3%.
3. Kuderera kurangwa zvikuru vakagamuchira 36.2%.

Zvisinei, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti kwete mitongo zvose rufu vakaurayiwa muSoviet Union. 1932 kwaiva pamwero nguva kushandisa murau itsva kutongwa. General zviremera rakashandurwa muna 2686 vakatongerwa guta. A vazhinji zvisarudzo vaifanira Linear chokufambisa matare (812), uye matare uto (208). Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko RSFSR Supreme Soviet yacho yakagadziridzwa zvinenge hafu mitsara. CEC Presidium rakapa mamwe acquittals. Sezvo Pakunyora Krylenko, vanhu commissar of Justice, uwandu vanhu vakaurayiwa asina kupfuura 1,000.

Muzviitiko

Pane chaizvo inonzwisisika mubvunzo: nei Supreme Court akatanga kuongorora sarudzo matare maduku? Izvi zvakaitika nekuti ekupedzisira, kushandisa mutemo "Spikelets vatatu", akanzwa dzimwe nguva kutosvika upenzi. Somuenzaniso, kurangwa zvakasimba akumbirwa vanhuwo zvavo nhatu dzinoratidzwa mukutonga sechipiriso chibhakera, uye akabvuma nazvo zvitupa - sezvo pakati vanhuwo zvavo. Vakanga mhosva akatora chikepe zvaiva purazi, uende hove. Wakaomarara akanga zvavakatemerwa sezvo mhuri yose. Vanhu mhosva nokuda vakanga hove murwizi yaiyerera pedyo mupurazi rehurumende. Chimwe chisarudzo penga yakaitwa panyaya jaya. Iye "akanyura pamwe nevasikana mudura, nokudaro vachikonzera mwoyo nguruve vaiva purazi." Sezvo seboka pfuma yaiva inviolable uye chitsvene, mutongi akatongera jaya makore 10 ari mujeri 'nhamo yake. " Sezvakataurwa turakiti rake Wyszynski - inozivikanwa Muchuchisi nguva - vose Muzviitiko izvi vaionekwa nevatongi sechinhu kukanganisa evoruzhinji upfumi, asi chokwadi avo vakanga vasiri. Panguva iyoyowo, munyori anowedzera kuti vakadaro mhinduro vanogara akadzima, uye vatongi pachavo vanobviswa kubva munzvimbo dzavo. Zvisinei, sezvambotaurwa ne Wyszynski, izvi zvose Chokwadi ichazivikanwa noku kukwana nokunzwisisa, zvishoma horizons vanhu vanokwanisa kuita kutonga kwakadaro.

mienzaniso zvingaitwa

Tallyman rimwe mapurazi kuti kurega zvokurima zvokushandisa, izvo runoratidzwa mune rusarura tikaisiya pachena mumhepo, akanga asarudzwa 10 mujeri. Panyaya iyi, dare harina dzatangwa kana magamuchira Instruments kukwana kana zvakakwana Kusabatsira. Volovschik mumwe mapurazi kurega nzombe kunze panguva rokuchenesa. Mumwe mhuka vakanga vaverevedza uye akaputsa gumbo rake. By sezvakarayirwa bhodhi nzombe rakaurayiwa. Vanhu Court vakatongerwa volovschika makore 10 ari mujeri. Mumwe vashumiri vakauyawo pasi pomutemo "Spikelets vatatu". Vanokwira neshongwe kubvisa kuchando kubva, iye akawana zviyo pamusoro 2 muhomwe. mufundisi uyu tangoudza kanzuru musha. Kuedza vanhu vakatumwa vakawana rechitatu musaga wezviyo. Mumwe mushumiri akatongerwa makore 10. Musoro matura akatongerwa makore gumi kuti zvaari zvichipomerwa uremu zvakaipa vanhu. The odhita kuzivikanwa muna rimwe repositories 375 makirogiramu akawandisa zviyo. In zvekufamba asati vanhu Court haana kufunga mashoko musoro ongororo yacho Makomba yasara. The mukwirirwi nharo kuti nokuda zvakaipa tsananguro mitsara yakasiyana dzigare mairi anofanira kuva kushaya nezviyo zvakaenzana. Mushure mutongo hwakasimbiswa kubudikidza musoro aya. Mumwe varimi akatongerwa 2 years mujeri nokuda zvaainge muchanza tsama yezviyo akadya nokuti ndaida kuva, nekuparadzirwa, asingakwanisi kushanda. All nezveizvi dzingava hwokuti utsinye iyoyo utongi. Zvisinei, zvisiri pamutemo uye nonsensical mitsara akangosikwa akadzima anenge pakarepo pashure sevanakomana.

mirayiro hurumende

Mitongo "nokuti nzeve" dziri kuratidzwa kwesimba uye mutemo. Hurumende akabvunza kuti vashandi kururamisira hatibvumiri kushandiswa normative chiito kana kuti kutungamirira yekuzvidzwa ake. Kunyanya, mutemo "Spikelets inenge mitatu" vaisagona kushandiswa mune burglaries vari kukura zvikuru duku kana zvakaoma zvikuru mamiriro ezvemari mhosva. Local rokutonga mudonzvo vakanga chaizvo nyanzvi. Pamwe chete kunyanya kushingaira zvakakonzera muhombe "kunyanyisa." Zvisinei, panguva hurumende pamwero yakanga chinoshingaira hondo kuzorwa navo. Zvikurukuru nokuda mvumo vanhu hunodiwa kuzoitawo zviduku mhosva Art. 162 yemutemo weCriminal Code of RSFSR, ichipa nokuti aizomubvumira kurangwa. Pemasimba epamusoro akanongedza kudiwa kudzikisa kurudyi ukwanise chiito. Uyezve, akati pamusoro asiri kushandiswa zvisiri pamutemo urongwa kuderedza zvirango kwazvo upenyu chinzvimbo.

The nzara USSR muna 1932-1933

Mamiriro munyika zvakanga zvakaoma. Dambudziko munyaya RSFSR, ari Byelorussian SSR, muna North Caucasus, ari Volga nharaunda, Southern Urals, Western kuSiberia, North Kazakhstan. Mune USSR iri pamutemo zvinyorwa akaratidza zita "nzara." In Ukraine, muna 2006 ari Verkhovna Batsirai, akanga azivikanwa chiito kwevanhu. Atungamirire yaimbova Republic of hurumende yeSoviet kupomerwa chakanga chakafanorongwa kuparadzwa vemo. Zvinotisimbisa akataura kuti ichi "nzara chakagadzirwa" zvakaguma chihombe Multi miriyoni-vakaurayiwa. Gare gare, pashure pokuwa, mamiriro ezvinhu ari nevakawanda kufukidzwa venhau uye siyana zvitupa. Holodomor akanga aionekwa nevakawanda mukuru vakuru mumwe zvinoratidza hasha wokuti simba yeSoviet. Zvisinei, sezvo zvakataurwa pamusoro, kutambura kwakaitika dzimwe chinoda, kusanganisira RSFSR.

tsanga reserves

Maererano zvokutsvakurudza inoitwa nachiremba sciences dzakaitika Kondrashin, nzara iri USSR muna 1932-1933 waiva mugumisiro kwete zvakasikwa collectivization. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, somuenzaniso, muna Volga nharaunda, mamiriro ezvinhu akanga zvinokonzerwa kumanikidzwa zviyo procurements. maonero Izvi zvinotsigirwa vanoverengeka zvapupu zviitiko. Nzara akasimuka chokwadi chokuti yakaunganidzwa zviyo varimi vaifanira kutora. Countryside akatambura zvakasimba kubva collectivization uye dispossession. Muna Volga nharaunda Commission pamusoro zviyo zvokuvakisa achitungamirirwa Munyori Communist Party Postysheva rakapa chisarudzo pamusoro caffeine matanda kubva nomumwe varimi, varimi uye zviyo varimi ndakawana. Under nokurwadziwa mhosva mirango chairmen, vakuru dzekushumira vaimanikidzwa kutamira hurumende rinenge zvirimwa yose. All kunyimwa nzvimbo iyi mumatanda zvokudya akaparirwa nenzara. Zvakafanana matanho akatorwa Kaganovich uye Molotov. Sarudzo dzavo pamusoro ndima North Caucasus uye Ukraine. Somugumisiro, nyika yakatanga vakawanda kufa vanhu. Panguva iyoyo zvinofanira akati kuti pamusoro zviyo zvokuvakisa nepurani 1932 uye uwandu chaizvoizvo zviyo vakanga yekudyidzana kuvatumwa zvapfuura kwaizotevera makore. tsanga Total yakaparadzana mumisha migero yose (pamisika, kutenga, preform) yakaderera nezvikamu 20%. Bhuku kunze kwenyika dzakawira matani mamiriyoni 5.2 kubva muna 1931 kusvika 1,73 muna 1932. Gore rakatevera, iye mberi akaderedza - matani mamiriyoni 1,68 kusvika. Nokuti chikuru zviyo-kugadzira nzvimbo (North. Caucasus uye Ukraine) quotas pamusoro nhamba billets ungaderedza kakawanda. Somuenzaniso, muna Ukraine muverengwe kota chinhu zviyo, nepo muna 1930 raiva 35 vhoriyamu%. Maererano Zhuravlev, nzara yakanga kukonzerwa unopinza kuwa muna goho pamusana collectivization.

Kunobva kushandiswa murau

The chitsamba mutevedzeri sachigaro OGPU uye Prokofiev Musoro Economic Department of OGPU Mironov kuna Stalin akataura kuti zviitiko kuba, akazivisa mavhiki maviri, vainyatsotarisirwa neushamwari mhosva zvikuru kwakaitika Rostov-on-Don. Kuba dzakapararira hurongwa, yomunharaunda bhekari. Umbavha vaiva Zvigayo panguva chirimwa, Mabheka maviri, 33 zvitoro, iro basa kutengeswa mishonga kuti vemo. Somugumisiro ari kukanganisa miedzo kwave kuwanikwa vanopfuura zviuru 6 nepondo chingwa, 1 000 -. Sugar, 500 -. Bran, etc. mhirizhonga kwakadaro kwakaitika nokuda kushayikwa zvakajeka nhau uye kuzvidzora, uye nemhaka mhosva chizivano, achingopa vashandi. Basa cherechedzo, rakanga vasiyana kutengeserana network, chinangwa chawo haaruramiswi. Muzviitiko zvose, vaongorori vaiita pakuuraya kuti utsotsi, kuisa zvikamu avo vanozivikanwa mabasa zvekunyepera kuti nedovozu chingwa, nyora-kure shrinkage, etc. Somugumisiro kuferefeta 54 vanhu vakasungwa, shanu iyo -. YeDare CPSU (b). The dhipatimendi Soyuztransa Taganrog sangano vanhu 62 rave chapedzwa. Pakati pavo paiva pachiteshi vakuru, navarindi vemikova, vatyairi, vazhinji vacho vari vaimbova kulaks, vatengesi, nokuda mhosva okunze. Sezvo chikamu chesangano ivo vakaba zvinhu zvifambiswe kubva pachiteshi. Mavhoriyamu yakabiwa zvakananga kunongedzera kuti vechikamu mhosva vakanga pachena kwete vanhuwo zvavo.

mhedziso

Somugumisiro kuba imwe normative chiito pamusoro w / D zvifambiso uye kuba wehurumende purazi pfuma, pfuma cooperatives uye cooperatives akatanga kusviba. Muna January 1936 vakatanga hombe kunaya mhosva vanhu. It chisarudzo musi 16 January pamusoro audited dzaari mhosva. Somugumisiro, vamwe angaratidza zvinhu izvo dzisina zvemamiriro mhosva, asunungurwa kubva mutorongo.