M. I. Platov Ataman: Biography, vazukuru Cossacks Ataman Platova Matveya Ivanovicha

Chimwe chinofadza zvikuru kwokufananidzira Hondo 1812 ndiro Matvei Platov - Ataman of Don Cossack mauto. Aiva munhu zvikuru zvinoshamisa uye hunakidze. Kuwedzera Hondo Yenyika II, dzimwe hondo dzakawanda chikamu Ataman Platov. The Biography munhu uyu achava nyaya kukurukurirana kwedu.

youth

Future Ataman Matvey Ivanovich Platov akaberekwa muna August 1751 muna Cherkassk, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva guta guru Don Cossacks. baba vake, Ivan, nhengo munda kuna Cossack wemapurisa, uye mai vake, Anna Illarionovna (b. 1733), aiva akatendeka shamwari upenyu wake.

Kuwedzera Matthew, mhuri yakanga yakawanda nevana vatatu, vose varume: Andrew, Stephen uye naPetro.

In vorudzii pamabasa achasarudza nzira ramangwana Ataman M. I. Platov, pakanga pasina mubvunzo. Chokwadi, mwanakomana Cossack aigona chete kuva Cossack.

Ndava nemakore gumi, Matthew akabatana kuhofisi Don Cossacks, apo aine chinzvimbo sajeni. Makore matatu gare gare akagamuchira inotevera zita - Cossack mukuru.

Platov akanga akazviita munhu mutoro akakodzera chero basa.

Muhondo

Future Ataman Matvei Platov akatora chikamu muhondo 1768-1774 Russian-wokuTurkey. Muna 1771 iye muchirongwa kurwisa Perekop mutsetse uye Kinburn, izvo scored zvakanaka. Papera gore akanga atova akapa murayiro pamusoro hondo pakati Don Cossacks. Muna 1774, Matvei akaenda Caucasus Front, kwaakanga muchirongwa kudzvinyirira kwokumukira muna Kuban Highlanders vaitsigira hweTurkey.

Paizopera hondo Russian-Turkish muna 1775 M. Platov akatora chikamu kudzivisa pokupanduka Pugachev. Kubvira ipapo akadzokera North Caucasus, apo mumakore 1782-1784 kuti kurwisa vapanduki Lezgins, Nogais uye Chechens.

Zvinotevera hondo Russian-Turkish (1787-1791 biennium). The bhodhi akatora kupfuura basa. With Kupindura yake vakanga storming nhare sezvo Ochakov (1788), Ackerman (1789), Bender (1789), Ishimaeri (1790). Muna 1789, uyewo akarwa muuto wokuRussia muhondo pamusoro kuCauşeni.

ugamba ake pamusoro pamunda nemauto haana kuonekwa. Sezvo 1790 Platov - Ataman Chuguevsky uye Ekaterinoslav chemazana chehondo, uye muna 1793 vakagamuchira chinzvimbo Major General.

Muna 1796, Matvei muchirongwa wokuPezhiya mushandirapamwe, izvo, zvisinei, akanga nokukurumidza chichiregwa.

manyadzo

Kwete mufaro bedzi vaiziva M. I. Platov. Ataman akanga vaifungidzirwa Emperor Pauro hwokuuraya naye uye kuutapwa Kostroma. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1797. Papera nguva iye hwakatamisirwa munhare, izvo zvaireva yakakura kusembura mhosva.

Hiakindi Platov kusvikira 1801, apo Pauro akanga asarudza kumusunungura kubva mutorongo kuenda Ataman muchirongwa Kusaona Indian pamushandirapamwe. Zvisinei, kuti adventurousness hurongwa ichi, uyewo Kesari afa haana kubvumira kuti vaite urongwa.

At musoro Don Cossacks

Mwanakomana Paul Alexander I, uyo aiva Russian Emperor, sevasingafungi Matvei pashure pokufa kwababa vake. Sezvo 1801 Platov - Ataman of Don Cossacks. Izvi zvaireva kuti kubva nguva akava mutungamiriri vose Don Cossacks. Uyezve, Matvei kwaitsigirwa kuti refutenendi mukuru.

Kwenzvimbo itsva yakapa yakakura pamwero basa pamberi mambo uye hurumende. Chokwadi, mutoro aigona kupwanya munhu, asi kwete munhu aifanira kubhadhara. Ataman of Don Cossacks yave kurongwazve sechivako iyo saka kure kwave zvikuru disordered. Mukuwedzera, muna 1805 Platov akatanga guru itsva Don Cossacks - Novocherkassk.

Hondo Napoleon

Cossack Ataman Platov, vanotungamirirwa mutungamiriri wavo, akatora mugove War of Rechina Coalition pamusoro Napoleon. Kurwa kwakaitika kunyanya munharaunda Umambo Prussia.

Platov pachake akarayira mauto ake ari Hondo Eylau, pashure iyo akawana nyika mbiri. Cossacks ake akaita uncharacteristically kuti hondo nguva pane zvikuru chakavhiringidza muvengi. Vakashandisa remagandanga nzira yehondo, kuita nokukurumidza vachirwisa pamusoro yomuvengi pachiuno uye vanokonzera rebei kukuvara.

Mushure kusaina kuti Tilsit runyararo chibvumirano pakati Russia uye France muna 1807, Napoleon pachake vaibhadhara mutero Platov. Akamugamuchidza inokosha snuffbox. Uyewo Legion Kukudzwa aifanira kukudzwa kubhadhara. Ataman akaramba rukudzo urwu, dzichishandisa chokwadi kuti rukoniwe kushanda yokumwe changamire.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha emisasa nguva vanofanira kutaura hondo Russian-Turkish pamusoro 1806-1812, umo Platov Cossack yokuzviparadzanisa pakuvhiya kwacho. Akabva mutsva chinzvimbo - General pamusoro emauto.

World hondo II

Asi mukurusa mucherechedzo pamusoro Biography pamusoro Platov akasiya Patriotic Hondo 1812 , pamwe Napoleon.

At pakutanga Napoleonic nechisimba mari zvakananga akarayira zvose Cossack mauto, asi zvino zvinhu vakamumanikidza kuti atungamirire mapoka. Kungofanana muzvirevo kurwisa Napoleon, zviito Cossacks Platov nokuti ayo kamwe kamwe vakauya nematambudziko akawanda kuti muvengi. It Platov Mauto akakwanisa akakunda konoro French, uye akakunda mapepa anokosha General Sebastiani.

hondo inobudirira yokutanga pamusoro Napoleonic mauto Platov rakaitirwa June pedyo nomusha Mir, izvo akaputsa yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro General Rozhnetskogo. Pashure Hondo Saltykovka Cossacks kufukidza shure kwezvinhu General Bagration, pashure hondo Smolensk, Platov akatora pamusoro murayiro varindi veshure ose Russian mauto, uyo akaramba shure.

Asi nokukurumidza zvinhu zvachinja. Muna August, akumbirwa mambo-Chief Barclay of Tolley, Platov akanga adzingwa muchiuto. Maererano zvitupa, nokuti "kusagona". Asi, maererano chiremera zvinyorwa, chikuru chikonzero kudzingwa Platov akashumira kwokuedza ake kwazvo kuti doro.

Zvisinei, Platov nokukurumidza akadzoka aiitawo hondo Borodino, uyewo ari kanzuru pa Fili. Uye pamusangano iwoyo, iye akashora shure kubva Moscow.

Apo mauto Napoleon vakatanga mubve kuRussia, kureva Platov akatungamirira wake kutsvaka. Sezvo Kutarisira anotenda ayo Mobile dzakabatana aigona konzera kunonyanyisa kuvadza muvengi.

Foreign rutsigiro uye mufananidzo Cossacks iri European mutsika

Mauto Platov vake, panguva chokuita vakagamuchira zita count, pakati wokutanga mayambuka pamuganhu Russian Empire muna Neman uye vakatanga kutevera mauto Napoleon iri kare kunze kwenyika. Vakatanga kukombwa Danzig, rwaimbogara General MacDonald.

Pashure Ataman M. Platov ainyanya iri padzimbahwe Kesari asi Cossack mauto vakaramba kushanda sezvo zvinobudirira ndokudzingirira muvengi. Dzimwe nguva Matvei akanzi kuraira mumwe dzakabatana. Zvikurukuru, akatungamirira nekupesana pakati hondo Leipzig, vaimudana Hondo marudzi.

Cossack zviumbu akapfuura vose Europe, kupinda France, uko Napoleon akasaina mapfumo. Cossacks Platov chitarisiko chavo, uyewo yakaderera pamwero chirango kupfuura zviumbu hondo dzose, kutya kwete chete pane mauto muvengi, asi kuti vanhuwo vokuEurope. Shure kwaizvozvo nhimbe mufananidzo Russian Cossack vakava archetypal mu European mutsika.

rufu ataman

Matvey Platov akafa muna January 1818, mumusha pana Taganrog, pamusoro chizvarwa nyika Don, aine makore 66. Saka haina kuva mumwe kupfuura basa mukufambisira nhoroondo Don Cossacks.

Platov pakutanga akavigwa Novocherkassk, asi zvino akatevera dzakatevedzana apiwa kuvigwa. Ataman Sheori desecrated nokuda Bolsheviks. Pakupedzisira, muna 1993, mapfupa Matveya Platova vakavigwa panzvimbo.

Family uye nezvizvarwa

Matvei Platov akanga akaroora kaviri. wanano yokutanga iye pamwe Nadezhda Stepanovna Efuremu, izvo muverengwe muzukuru Ataman of Don Cossacks. In muchato uyu muna 1777 akava mwanakomana, Ivan, zvisinei, uyo, akafa kare 1806, asati afa baba vake. Nguva pfupi pashure kuberekwa mwanakomana wake muna 1783, uye akafa Nadezhda Stepanovna.

Second muchato Kupfeka rinobatanidza Marfa Dmitrievna Martynova, nokuti iyo yakanga muchato wechipiri. Iyewo akabva Cossack Hetman mhando. Vaiva vanakomana vaviri (Mateu naJohani) nevanasikana vana (Marita, Anna, Maria, Alexandra).

Martha D. akafa mukupera 1812. Pashure paizvozvo M. Platov akararama nomumiririri wehurumende Erizabheti akakundwa mambo yeBritain.

Zvizvarwa Ataman Platov achishandisa navanakomana vake Matthew uye Ivan vane musoro kangani.

unhu ataman

Ataman Platov aiva dzinonakidza tsvarakadenga munhu, uyo akapa yakawanda nesimba basa Motherland. Ake umhare Hapana mubvunzo muenzaniso kuvana. Uyewo, zvakaoma kuona kuti mupiro Matvey Ivanovich pakugadzirwa kwemashifiti Don Cossacks chaizvoizvo simba uto, rinotyisa muvengi.

Chokwadi, kufanana nomunhu, jinda kunozivikanwa akanga zvainovhiringidzawo ayo. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, aigona kunzi kunyanya muropa nedoro. Kunyange zvakadaro, unhu hwake hwakanaka zvikuru rakakunda zviparare.

Sezvaunogona kuona, rimwe dzepamusorosoro kwokufananidzira nguva yake sokuti Ataman Platov. Photo, zvinosuruvarisa havasi kuwanika, kubva pakutanga XIX remakore, unyanzvi mifananidzo akanga asati kuziviswa munyika. Zvisinei, pane vazhinji Portraits, azere matarenda Artists kuti tine mukana kufungisisa mufananidzo mutungamiri mukuru.

Rimwe basa rakadaro chinhu posthumous asian Platov nokuda rakakurumbira Chirungu Artist George Dawe panguva. Mufananidzo Uyu kumusoro. Kutonga nezvinooneka zvokunze zviri munhu rabva pairi, Ataman Platov aiva akasimba uye simba kwake munhu. Nemhaka mabasa akadai, tinogona kuona kuti aiva mukuru evanhu zvekare emakore.