Ndezvipi migumisiro Makore Zana War (1337-1453)? Zana Makore War: matanho uye migumisiro

Chii chingava kupfuura hondo, kana zvinodiwa vezvematongerwo enyika uye simba mazana ezviuru zvevanhu vanofa pevanhu. Uye zvikuru yakaipisisa kuramba tichishanda muchiuto kurwisana, panguva iyo vanhu kudzidza kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu apo rufu anogona Ndivabate chero nguva, uye upenyu hwevanhu haana kukosha. Kwakadaro kwakanga ari Makore Zana War, zvikonzero, matanho, migumisiro uye nhoroondo dzeupenyu vatambi izvo zvinofanira kunyatsofungwa.

zvikonzero

Ndisati ndadzidza, zvakaguma ari Makore Zana War, vanofanira kunzwisisa musha wayo. Zvakatanga nepfungwa yokuti vanakomana French King Philip wechina vakasiya murume mugari wenhaka. Panguva iyoyowo akanga mupenyu ari chizvarwa muzukuru mwanasikana namambo wacho Isabella - Chirungu Korol Eduard Third, vakasvika chigaro England muna 1328 aine makore 16. Zvisinei, aisagona vanoti chigaro France, maererano Salic Law. Saka, muna France kutonga imba yose Valois mumunhu Philip wechitanhatu, aiva muzukuru maFiripi Chechina, uye Edward Third muna 1331 rakamanikidzwa vauye kuzomunamata nokuti Gascony - nharaunda French, vaiona pachavo pfuma kuBritain madzimambo.

Pakutanga Danho rokutanga hondo (1337-1360)

pashure 6 Makore zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa Edward Third vakasarudza vachiri kurwira chigaro sekuru vake, uye akatuma dambudziko Philip yeChitanhatu. Saka vakatanga Makore Zana War, zvikonzero uye migumisiro izvo zvikuru vaya vanodzidza nhoroondo Europe. Mushure yapinda muhondo, yokuBritain yakatanga inogumbura muna yokuPicardy, umo vakatsigira vanhu Flanders uye feudal kumaodzanyemba-vokumadokero mumaruwa ose France.

Mumakore okutanga pashure pakutanga kanga, kurwa akaenda kusiyanisa kubudirira, kusvikira muna 1340 kwakanga kusina hondo wengarava ari Sluis. Somugumisiro kukunda of Chirungu Channel aiva pasi pavo, uye akaramba saka kusvikira pakuguma hondo. Saka, muna August 1346, hapana aigona kudzivirira varwi Edward Third kuyambuka akakamanikana uye vandotora Caen. Kubva ipapo, uto yeBritain kwaiteverwa Crécy, apo musi August 26, kurwa yakakurumbira, uko kwakaguma ari kukunda, uye muna 1347 vakabata guta uye Calais. In kufanana zviitiko izvi zvakanga zvichiitika matanho zvechiuto muScotland. Zvisinei, upfumi akaramba kunyemwerera kuna Edward Third, uyo akakunda hondo umambo Hondo Neville kuti Cross, uye Kwakabvisa kutya hondo fronts maviri.

Dambudziko denda uye kuguma norugare Bretigny

Mumakore 1346-1351 dzokuEurope akashanyira "Black Death." Denda iri dambudziko kwakauraya vanhu vakawanda chaizvo, pakanga pasina mubvunzo pamusoro kuenderera rehondo. The chete kukosha nguva ino, rwakaimbwa ballads, vakava anomboitika matatu, kana Chirungu uye French Knights vane squires kufanorongwa vakawanda duel, kutungamirira varimi akawanda zana. Panopera denda England mabasa ayo muchiuto, izvo kazhinji kunangidzirwa Black Prince - mwanakomana mukuru Edward III. Muna 1356, akakunda hondo Poitiers uye akatora French King John II. Gare gare, muna 1360, iye Dauphin wokuFrance, uyo aizova Mambo Charles Rechishanu, akasaina anonzi Rugare Bretigny panguva vanoshorwa chaizvo.

Saka, migumisiro Makore Zana Hondo yokutanga Danho yayo sezvinotevera:

• France akanga mwoyo chose;
• England akawana hafu Brittany, Aquitania, Poitiers, Calais, uye vanenge hafu yacho muranda nhaka muvengi, kureva, John II akarasikirwa simba pamusoro chetatu ndima yayo;
• Eduard rechitatu vaite pamusoro wayo pachangu uye nokuda zvizvarwa zvavo havachafaniri kuisa vanoti chigaro sekuru vake;
• mwanakomana wechipiri John II - Lyudovik Anzhuysky - akatumwa London somunhu mubatwa mukutsinhana kudzoka kuna France wababa vake.

Rugare pakati makore 1360 kusvika 1369

Pashure kumira ruvengo, vanhu venyika muzvirongwa kurwisana, akawana kuregawo wakagara 9 makore. Panguva ino, akatiza kubva kuEngland Lyudovik Anzhuysky, uye baba vake, ari knight, chokwadi shoko rake, vakapinda yokuzvidira muutapwa, apo akafa. Pashure porufu rwake, akakwira chigaro France, Charles V, uyo muna 1369 akapomera Britain atyora mutemo runyararo chibvumirano ndokutangazve akavhiyiwa nemauto pamusoro pavo.

chechipiri gumbo

Kazhinji, vaya vanodzidza mberi uye migumisiro Hondo Makore Zana ', kunoratidzwa nguva penguva pakati 1369 uye 1396 makore sezvo akatevedzana kugara hondo, izvo kunze huru vadzidzi vakanzi kubatanidzwawo muushe Castile, Portugal uye Scotland. Panguva iyi, kwaiva zvinotevera zvinokosha:

• muna 1370 muna Castile achibatsirwa rechiFrench vakauya simba, Enrique II, uyo akava mutsigiri wavo vakatendeka;
• Makore maviri gare gare, akasunungurwa mu Poitiers;
• muna 1372 panguva Hondo La Rochelle, yaFranco-Castilian rengarava vakakunda yaisanganisa British dzechikwata;
• 4 Makore akafa Black Prince;
• muna 1377 Edward akafa wechitatu, uye pachigaro choushe England, Richard tuzvikanganiso wechipiri;
• kubva 1392 pa Mambo France zviratidzo kupenga rakatanga kuchengetwa;
• Makore mana gare gare imwe nguva yekumbotaurirana akanga akagumisa, akaita panguva frazzled vavengi.

Chibvumirano (1396-1415)

Kana upengo Mambo Charles Wechitanhatu aiva pachena kuti vose munyika vakatanga internecine kukakavara, umo bato akunda Armagnac. Zvinhu zvakanga nani muEngland, akapinda hondo itsva Scotland, iyo aifanira anokunyaradza vapanduki Ireland uye Wales. Uyezve, pane akabvisirwei Richard II, Henry IV uye akatonga pachigaro, uye ipapo mwanakomana wake. Saka, kusvikira 1415, vose nyika vakatadza kuramba hondo uye vari mumamiriro chibvumirano zvombo.

The danho wechitatu (1415-1428)

Avo vanodzidza kosi uye zvakazokonzerwa Makore Zana War, kazhinji chiitiko chinofadza zvikuru yainzi chidzoke zvakadaro kare chakajairika somukadzi murwi vangazova musoro uto feudal Knights. Tiri kutaura Joan pamusoro Arc, uyo akaberekwa muna 1412, musi paumbwe unhu iri zvikuru nezvakaitika kwakaitika mumakore 1415-1428. Historical sainzi anofunga nguva iyi, dariro rechitatu Makore Zana War, uye sezvo kiyi pfungwa dzinotevera zviitiko:

• Hondo Agincourt muna 1415, iyo yakahwina Henry Rechishanu;
• kusaina chesungano iri Troyes, maererano izvo ibenzi Korol Karl VI akazivisa mutsivi wake mambo England;
• British kubatwa kweParis muna 1421;
• rufu Henry Rechishanu, uye chiziviso kwaro makore mwanakomana wamambo England uye France;
• akarwisa vaimbova Dauphin Charles, uyo chinokosha chikamu French vaiona akakodzera mambo, hondo cravant;
• Chirungu kukombwa Orleans, iyo yakatanga muna 1428, panguva iyo nyika yokutanga vakanzwa zita Joan pamusoro Arc.

Mugumo hondo (1428-1453)

Guta Orleans kukuru zvine urongwa kukosha. Kana yeBritain vakakwanisa varitore, mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti, "chii Migumisiro Hondo Makore Zana '" vangadai zvakasiyana chaizvo, uye French aigona kunyange chisanyanya rusununguko. Sezvineiwo nokuti nyika, yakanga akazivisa musikana, achidana pacharo Jeanne Mhandara. Akauya kuna Dauphin Charles muna March 1429 uye akazivisa kuti Jehovha akanga arayira yake kumira pa musoro French mauto, uye kusimudza kukombwa Orleans. Pashure dzakatevedzana kubvunzurudzwa uye miedzo Karl vakatenda kwaari uye akagadza mukuru mauto ake. Somugumisiro, May 8th Orleans akanunurwa, June 18, hondo akakunda hondo Joan ari Chirungu panguva Hondo Pathe, uye June 29 panguva kuomerera ari mhandara Orleans akatanga "ropa Mushandirapamwe" dauphin kuna Reims. Ikoko, akanga korona sezvo Charles wechinomwe asi pasina nguva akamira kuteerera zano murwi.

Makore anoverengeka gare gare, Jeanne yakatorwa ne Burgundians, vakapfuura kuti Chirungu musikana, uye avo dzake akaurayiwa mhosva pedzidziso uye zvifananidzo. Zvisinei, migumisiro Hondo Makore Zana 'yave foregone mhedziso, uye kunyange rufu mhandara Orleans vaisagona kutadzisa kusunungurwa France. hondo Last muhondo iyi yaiva hondo Castillon muna 1453, apo British akarasikirwa Gascony zvavo makore anopfuura 250.

Zvakabuda Hondo Makore Zana '(1337-1453)

Somugumisiro ari kuramba tichishanda zvombo kurwisana mezhdinasticheskogo England vakarasika Continental nenharaunda dzayo dzose muFrance, vachisiya chete chengarava Calais. Mukuwedzera, achipindura mubvunzo pamusoro chii mhedzisiro Hondo Makore Zana ', pasango uto nhoroondo nyanzvi kupindura kuti racho mugumisiro, akanyatsosiyana akachinja nzira zvehondo, uyewo zvombo zvitsva zvakasikwa.

Migumisiro Hondo Makore Zana '

Mashoko anoratidza kanga vakatsunga ukama Britain uye France muzana mberi. Zvikurukuru, kusvika 1801 Britain ipapo madzimambo ose Great Britain akabereka musoro nemadzimambo France, izvo hakuna nzira pave pakagadzwa noushamwari.

Zvino munoziva apo aiva Makore Zana War, zvikonzero, Chokwadi, uye nei vavariro protagonists vane anenge 6 emakore dziri nyaya dzakawanda dzekare.