Ruzvelt Franklin: Biography, nyika, basa. President Roosevelt nevakadzi

Chamuchareva, asi basa unhu munhau pezviri kuitika kwakaoma. Izvi zvinoshanda zvose inoti pasina chaakasiya, kwete chete munyika yedu. Kwete iyi chinhu chinokosha, uye United States. Mumwe nhamba dzepamusorosoro American aiva Ruzvelt Franklin. The Biography uyu anoratidza sei zvakawanda zvinogona kuita yokutungamirira, panguva yakakodzera panzvimbo chaiyo.

chikuru mashoko

Ruzvelt Franklin - yechi32 US President (1933), akanga anoda kubhabhatidzwa wacho Democratic Party. It anozivikanwa nzwisisika kuchinja, rwakazokura seshanduro "New Deal". Raiva Roosevelt rokutarisira muna 1933 kuti asimbise zvakajairika nedzenyu ukama USSR. Chiizve zvinozivikanwa Ruzvelt Franklin? Biography ake zvinoratidza kuti ndiye mazuva pakurwisa German pamusoro Soviet Union rokutanga zvakasimba waitsigira pokugadzwa munhu kushanda Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa. Iye akaisa zvikuru nedzenyu hukama pakati akunda nyika.

Most uchatiudza sei akararama upenyu hwake Ruzvelt Franklin, Biography. Rudzi naye (uye madzibaba Roosevelt vaiva Dutch vaJudha) zvinoratidza kuti chaiva kufunga, zvarisingazivi, vakangwara uye pragmatic munhu. Ichokwadi ichi? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo, zvakakodzera kuronda yose mararamiro Franklin.

Kutanga rwendo rwoupenyu

Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pakati purezidhendi American January 30, 1882. State aberekwa - New York. He Aquarius chiratidzo nyeredzi. Harisati ndibatsireiwo mutungamiriri pamazita ose US vakuru kubva ichiitwa pambiru ina akatevedzana mazwi. Zviya, chinyorwa ichi hauzombofi wakaputsika. Sei? Hazvina nyore. Makore maviri gare gare, mumwe Kunadzurudzwa kuna Constitution rakagamuchirwa afa Roosevelt, iyo hakubvumidzwi zvakananga kumhanya kuti purezidhendi kechitatu pamusara.

Muna US pachayo zita rake chokuita Second World War, pakusikwa muhurumende, uyewo zvakasikwa uye Implementation of "Deal New" hwaishandiswa nzvimbo vashandi American akanga akwanise kwazvo.

mhuri

Mhuri James Roosevelt, umo Franklin akaberekwa, akwegura uye akapfuma. madzitateguru avo vachibva Holland kare 1740s. Theodore uye Franklin Roosevelt - kamwe vakuru vaviri akakunda America nokuda mhuri iyi vanoremekedzwa. baba Franklin vake vaiva mbambo makuru vazhinji kubudisa ehurumende makambani.

Sara Delano, mai vake, uyewo aibva kumhuri yakapfuma ine refu revatongi midzi. Chikonzero ichi kuti ose chirimo vaduku Roosevelt akatora muna refu mugungwa Reisen, panguva iyo mhuri yakashanyira rinenge yose Europe. Panguva iyoyowo Franklin "sick" gungwa zvishuvo kuchiripo kwoupenyu hwake.

dzidzo

Up kusvikira makore 14, akapiwa dzidzo pamba. Kubva 1896 kusvika 1899, iye akanyoresa rimwe vepamusoro zvikoro Groton (Massachusetts). Kubva 1900 kusvika 1904, Roosevelt akagamuchira dhigirii rokuHarvard, chikoro pamwe tsvimborume kuti dhigirii. Kubva 1905 kusvika 1907, Roosevelt (pfupi Biography anorondedzerwa bepa redu) aiva Intern pa Columbia Law University, zvakamupa kodzero yokushandisa kuzvipira Advocacy. Ndosaka pashure chikoro purezidhendi ramangwana "waishandiswa" riri Wall Street.

Muna 1907 akaroora Anna Eleonore Ruzvelt (1884-1962 gg.), Kunouya kure chaizvo muzukuru Franklin. In muchato uyu vakaberekerwa vana vatanhatu, asi mumwe wavo akafa achiri mucheche. Wife airidza muupenyu Franklin basa rinokosha, nekuti pashure 1921, apo iye vakabatwa poriyo uye Aitova, ndonda, akatora pamusoro pakaitwa nyaya dzemapepa.

How kutanga basa wezvematongerwo enyika?

Sezvazvakanyorwa rave richiwanika makuru-nguva zvematongerwo enyika Ruzvelt Franklin? Biography naye basa iri kunotanga yokuti muna 1910 iye akabvuma kubva Democratic Party uye vari kubudirira ndichimhanyira Seneta kumba mamiriro. Muna 1912, aishingaira vakatsigira kukwikwidza kuti President of United States, Thomas ainzi Woodrow Wilson. Paakazviwana mu nechigaro musoro wehurumende, akapa Franklin chinzvimbo akanaka Muushumiri of Navy. Nokukurumidza akatamira Washington.

Up kusvikira 1921 aakapedza muhofisi zvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvino ave "kuzivikanwa" of America. Kusimbisa kwakaita zvikepe, kushingaira vatorwa mutemo uye nedzenyu vokukurukura - yaiva yake "chitandadzo".

Kukundikana uye chirwere

Muna 1914, Roosevelt (Biography pfupi iri kupiwa iyi) oedza kutora pambiru Senator muna Congress, asi anokundikana. Muna 1920, izvozvo zvinomutsa chihuri, achiedza ikabuda yapurezidhendi. "Shamwari" dzake aiva George. Cox. Asi Democratic Party iyi yakurirwa, uye chirwere dooms Roosevelt kumanikidzwa zororo kubva kubasa.

Mugwagwa yokubudirira

Asi muna 1928, apo Franklin akakwanisa kuva gavhuna simba pamba mamiriro, basa rake nokukurumidza akabvisa. In basa iri, akapedza mazwi maviri chete, agamuchira unyanzvi chaizvo, yakawanda richauya batsira apo kushanda pambiru purezidhendi. Muna 1931, apo mamiriro ezvinhu munyika zvoupfumi yava kwazvo, remangwana musoro wehurumende zvakanaka "akamuka" riri sangano rusununguko rubatsiro kune asingashandi uye nenzara. Panguva iyoyo kunowedzera mukurumbira wayo pakati zvavo vavhoti uyo President akabata vakazochinja dzose nyaya.

chena imba

Muna 1932, Franklin Roosevelt (pfupi Biography naye chinorondedzerwa munyaya ino), ane nevanhu munguva 1929-1933. (The Great Depression), vose zvavo, vaigona yokunzvenga Hoover, vanotungamirira nyika kubva yakadaro inorema nguva vasingagoni pasina dambudziko. Ndipo apo Franklin vakazivisa chirongwa nokuda nzwisisika okuchinja vari dzakwidzwa anonzi "New Deal." Zvichiri kudzidziswa muzvikoro American uye mumayunivhesiti sezvo muenzaniso kwechokwadi, vanokwanisa uye adaptive negwaro.

Wokutanga nadzurudzo

Total kwemazuva zana utungamiriri hwake rokutanga, iye akabata anoverengeka zvikuru uye inobatsira chaizvo kuchinja. Chekutanga, nyika rwezvemabhengi yose hurongwa yave rukaporeswa. Chechipiri, rakazoshandiswa mutemo chaiwo kuti inosimbisa rubatsiro kuvanhu vose vanozviwana muurombo. Farm chikwereti kwave zvakazara refinanced, uyewo vakapfuura mutemo pamusoro kudzorerwa zvokurima nemauto, izvo kusanganisira kwete chete kupa kutonga neHurumende pamusoro bhuku kugadzirwa, asi kuti kutumira rubatsiro nangananga kune Wekumusoro vanoshayiwa vaburitsi.

Roosevelt pachake kupfuura kubudirira uye vachivimbisa ayo kutendeuka vaiona matanho wokurera kudzorera maindasitiri mukana. Mukuwedzera, muna 1935, iye akabata mitemo inodzora anenge mativi ose evanhu uye basa upenyu munyika.

Muna 1936, vakakunda anoyevedza kukunda iri musarudzo huru kumucheto inopfuura dzose vakwikwidzi ayo ose. Chikonzero ichi kuti zvaakaita 1937-1938. yakawanda nesimba kuti tirambe zvawakabatira bhora, "vachidzidzira" Pamuganhu chivimbo pamusoro vanovavhotera. Kupfuura nguva iyi kusiyaniswa Ruzvelt Franklin? Biography ake zvinoratidza kuti zvakagadzirwa izvi zvose akasangana zvakakomba nemishonga kubva guru maindasitiri. Havana kufanana "kunyanyisa" evanhu hunovimbisa kuti hurumende akapa varombo uye kudzivirirwa zvikamu vemo.

Chiizve akarohwa vomunyika Ruzvelt Franklin (CV)? Vakadzi muupenyu hwake, Somuenzaniso, vakaita basa rinokosha (zvakakodzera kuyeuka chete mudzimai mabasa ake). Hazvishamisi kuti panguva prezidentsva Roosevelt akatanga disisa ose akanaka hafu yacho. Chokwadi kuti purezidhendi ichi rava mutemo wakanyatsojeka uye mubhadharo wakaenzana vakadzi kumabasa, nehondo, vamwe nhengo. Zvisinei, akatora kutarisira zvose Mapato vokuparidzira, pasinei chechikadzi kusiyana.

nokuti inoperable (dzose nyaya) uye zvinodiwa utano: In Kunyanya resonance pamurairo pamusoro evanhu inishuwarenzi, ichipa akavimbisa mubhadharo pakubhadhara vaviri wacho wakasainwa August 1935. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo hapana zvakadai munyika yacho "American Dream" haripo, uye kugamuchira unhu dzokurapa munhu hauna rakanaka mari pamusoro nhoroondo, zvakanga anenge hazviiti.

Pre-hondo maitiro

Ndiwo nharo zvikuru nguva kwake. Kudivi rimwe, Franklin Roosevelt, mumwe Biography pfupi anopiwa pano, akaita somunhu muiti wechokwadi. Kune vamwe - akaita infantile kwazvo uye tichizengurira, sezviri pachena Vachitya kusafarira kubva yavo evatsigiri maindasitiri uye zvemari yeChina. Oddly zvakakwana, asi mutemo uyu wakadzikwa zvikuru ushamwari nedzenyu ukama Soviet Union muna 1933. Kunyange pamusoro Latin America, akaramba mutemo "muvakidzani akanaka", zvichida kekutanga muna US munhoroondo nokutaura enyika munyika idzi pamusoro akamira zvakaenzana.

Asi ichi ndicho chimwe chete kurutivi mari. Chokwadi chokuti haana ari Sharpening kwendangariro. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ayo dzimwe mutemo akasiyana chido kudzivisa zvose ezvinhu here akaoma, uye kazhinji Roosevelt, ane Biography Zvinoshamisa kuti "Anopararira" ayo, kazhinji haana kusiyanisa zvibairo uye vavengi.

Zvisinei, ndiye, pashure utsinye akenda mauto vokuJapan China (yaiva muna 1937), akatanga kusunda nokuda zvizere dzakawanda voga venyika idzo dziri mutsimba utsinye hwakadaro uye kuuraya mamiriyoni zvavo. Asi vashoma enyika Western panguva akaratidza vanenge kufarira paku- zviitiko zvakadaro kure kuMabvazuva. Izvi akabvumira Japan kusimbisa nzvimbo yaro yakawanda, pamwe yakawanda kubatsira Mikado Hitler akanga.

Somuenzaniso, pamusana wayo wokuti asiri chipingaidzo uye kubviswa chepamutemo Hurumende Italy uye Spain panguva vakanga vasingakwanisi kutenga zvombo. Chete kana Europe kwakamuka mirazvo hondo kunoshandurwa zvirango zvayo. Asi izvi hazvifaniri kutarisa kunyanyisa nehanya nevamwe: chete muchiitiko ichi, America aigona kumubatsira mari zvakawanda nokutengesa zvombo panguva imwe chete kuti mapato ose muhondo. How aizvibata panguva Second World War, Roosevelt? Biography ake uye iyi ine zvakawanda zvinonakidza nguva.

Hondo Yenyika II

Muna 1940 iye zvakare akahwina sarudzo, pashure izvo kubatsirwa neuto muUK kuri kuwedzera. Pakutanga kwegore rinouya, iye akasaina chirevo "On Mutual Runobatsira", iro, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, anotanga pfungwa Zvipire-Lease. Akafanirwa kwaari kuti Soviet Union akapiwa mubereko isina chikwereti ari uwandu bhiriyoni imwe emadhora.

Vezvenhau vari vachiri kuvabvunzeiko sei hombe basa rakanga reDare mari uye zvokushandisa kurwisa Soviet Union uye pechiFascist kurwisa, asi chero zvakadaro yaiva chaiye uye chaihwo rubatsiro kuti kwasimbisa noukama pakati penyika mbiri munguva yakaoma kwatiri.

Chii Zvipire-Lease?

Nenzira, kuti kazhinji kunosanganisira pfungwa "Zvipire-Lease"? Zviri hurongwa naro chikwereti romugove kwezvombo uye zvokudya akatakurwa, zvombo, zvinhu zvakadaro. D. pamutemo vazvo rwaiitwa munyika dzose, yakaitwa Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa. Asati agadzwa, zvikwereti vakapiwa uye Nazi Germany, uye mari yave vagadzirise Krupp.

President Roosevelt, uyo Biography zvatakaona, vakaedza se "skimming" rinogona kuva yakareba kungogumira mutemo, nokutuma convoys kuEurope. Izvi kusvikira Mumatsutso 1941, apo miti inonzi nzvimbo kuramba ndaona zvikepe Germany. Ipapo mutemo rakaparidzirwa, iyo akazonzi "hondo undeclared."

Panguva iyoyo United States anobvumira kuisa zvombo ngarava dzavo, achivapa kodzero zvakaitika munzvimbo zvakananga kukanganiswa nehondo, uye anozivisa kuti zvose ngarava German uye chiItalian, yakabuda American mapazi mutoro, achaiswa akapfurwa panguva uye yakanyura.

The Kurwisa Japanese

Apo F. D. Ruzvelt, ane Biography inofarirwa nevakawanda, vakapfuurira kuwedzera basa? anofanira Zvichida angadai akaramba kuti "European pai" chete muna 1944, asi pano basa reDare Mikado.

Pakutanga December 1941 vokuJapan Pearl Harbor muna Pacific Ocean. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti mutungamiri chiitiko ichi kuva zvikuru kusingafadzi kushamisika, sezvo aiedza munzira dzose, kana asina kudziviswa, zvichaita kunonotsa hondo pamwe Japan. On December 8 US kududzira hondo Japan, uye mashoma - Germany, Italy nedzimwe vatsigiri yechiFascist hwoudzvinyiriri.

Biography Roosevelt nenguva havaratidzi anotungidza, saka iye akashanda zvakaoma, kutora, zvinoenderana reMitemo, pambiru Mutungamiriri. Roosevelt akashanda nesimba mumunda Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa.

Tarisiro uye chiito chaicho

Haiwa, zvikuru basa iri zvainyatsokonzerwa pepa hunhu. Hapana nhengo muhurumende iyi, kunze chete Soviet Union, pamwero mukuru vemauto akavhiyiwa pamusoro vaNazi havana kuchengeta. UK uye anoita vaipinda Rudolf Hess, nezvokuzadziswa Nhaurirano izvo vachiri chakavanzika mukuru nguva idzodzo.

January 1, 1942 iziviso yakanga yakasainwa, chakaratidza kutanga kwezvisikwa weUnited Nations. Asi mhiri kuti hazvina basa - Second Front, rave iro akabvunza I. V. Stalin, US President vake nevatsigiri havana kukurumidza kuvhura. Apo Franklin D. Roosevelt, pfupi Biography wenyu kare munoziva, asi akachinja pfungwa dzake?

Chete pashure Soviet Union akaputsa nomuzongoza pamusoro warrior nesimba Germany, achiparadza ayo nokunganduma kune simba kuumbwa penetrator pana Kursk, chete pashure Stalingrad, vaiva pasi Paurosi, akatanga kufungisisa Soviet Union uye vakaziva kuti wokuRussia aifanira kutaura, uye pashure pehondo. Pane musangano muna Tehran, iye haasisina akatsigira Churchill, uyo zvose "kuramba" mauto kubva pakutanga remapazi zvechiuto muEurope.

Vasangana Tehran

Roosevelt tanga aisa chiratidzo ake nyika yacho post-hondo nguva, pane imwe musangano muQuebec City (1943). Akadana United States, USSR, China uye UK "mapurisa nyika", basa tiine inowanzotorwa nyika murayiro. In Tehran, F. D. Ruzvelt, pfupi Biography iyo iwe pamwe kare kunzwisisa, inokurukurwawo nyaya iyi pamwe Stalin uye Churchill.

Muna 1944, Franklin akanga kuzodzosera akasarudzwa pamusoro wechina akatevedzana izwi. Kutaura kwake panguva Yalta Conference muna Yalta akaita basa rinokosha mune post-hondo patsva munyika. musoro nzvimbo yake panyaya iyi zvakonzera, anoonekwa nevakawanda sezvo zvinobudirira mberi chinotangira yeSoviet mauto muEastern Europe, uye chido kuita Soviet Union muna nedanho "kugadzirisa nyaya vokuJapan." Uyezve, akaratidza Stalin kuti US anofarira mberi pamwe munyaya zhinji, kusanganisira muchiuto.

Pashure Yalta anoita pacharo ainzwa akwegura chirwere uye zvayo kuneta, akazviunganidzira makore ose hondo. Pasinei neizvi, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, ane Biography riri munyaya ino nechekare kumagumo, akaramba kuzviita kugadzirira musangano. Aifanira kuenda kuSan Francisco. Asi ichi chakanga chisiri kuva.

Musi waApril 12, 1945, mutori wenhau uyu anozivikanwa akaurayiwa nechirwere chekushaya ropa. Akavigwa munharaunda yake Hyde Park. Vanhu veAmerica vanoshingaira kukudza chirangaridzo chemuongorori uyu, vachimuisa par par naLincoln naWashington. Inofanira kunge yakasimbiswa zvikuru kuti Franklin Delano Roosevelt, ane biography shomanana yatakabvunzurudza, akaita zvakawanda kuti agadzirise ukama huri pakati penyika mbiri. Uye haisi mhosva yake iyo vana vake, kunze kwaKennedy, vakatevedzera zvitendero zvinotyisa zvakasimba zvinogona kutungamirirazve kuhondo yeatomu.

Roosevelt yakarangarirwa nevakawanda sechinhu chisingawanzogadziriswa, asi panguva imwechete wezvematongerwo enyika akasimba. Akagara achiedza kuwana mutauro wakafanana kunyange nevaya vaaisanyatsonzwisisa, uye akasarudza nyika kuva "kurwisa kunoshamisa". Icho chaiva kutonga kwake kwakaratidzwa nechinetso chematambudziko akawanda emagariro evanhu uye kukakavadzana, izvo zviri pachena uye zvakajeka zvakajeka muAmerica emazuva ano zvakare.