Autonomization - iri nyaya inoda kudzidza zvakadzama

Muna December 2017 Uratidze 95th gore USSR - hurumende, urwo rwakatora anenge 69 makore. Mumazuva Soviet Union yakanga pachena zvakafanana uye nokuzvidira kubatana pamapatya chinoda of USSR. Pashure pokuwa chikamu ichi nhoroondo yedu chinopiwa mumabhuku akasiyana. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanotaura kuti chimwe chikuru zvikonzero pokuwa Union muna 1991, akava kuzvionera. maonero ichi hachisi zvachose kusina pakwakavakirwa. Ngationei chikonzero.

Paumbwe akazvimirira chinoda

Pashure ivo Bolsheviks vakauya simba vakabva akaita mitemo inokosha dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira Declaration akapa vanhu Russia kodzero yokuumba yakazvimirira inoti. kodzero iyi yakanga wakarovedzwa Finns, Latvians, Poles, Ukrainians, Estonians uye mamwe marudzi dzaichimbova vanotongwa wokuRussia hwacho, asi zvino akawana kwavo rusununguko.

Mukutanga 1918 III Congress of vokuSoviet legislated yeUnited musimboti pamwe rwakafara kuzvionera kuti vanhu vanoda kuramba chikamu RSFSR. Izvi, kune rumwe rutivi, kunyimwa nationalist kufamba pamusoro kumucheto aimbova hwacho huru zvikonzero kuenderera kurwisana, uye, Ukuwo, akaparadzawo guru-pfungwa, iyo kurimwa muRussia kusvikira October 1917.

Kunyange zvakadaro, munguva Civil War, vamwe vechiduku dzeSoviet rechiuto, mari, kukurukurirana uye zvokufambisa zvavose kuti vanhuwo kudzivirira, uye haizopereri kupora hwenyika. Mukutanga 20-ies ramangwana kweuto-upfumi mubatanidzwa zvakakonzera gakava zvikuru. Kazhinji, paiva zvitatu tichibatanidza: mubatanidzwa, mubatanidzwa uye kuzvionera. Iri raiva rimwe mabasa ehurumende, vanoda nokukurumidza sarudzo.

Federation of Lenin

Vatungamiriri vamwe dzeSoviet vaida kuchengetedza rusununguko, yakandibvunza nokuumba mubatanidzwa, apo kwaizova rakabatana mamiriro zviremera. asi VI Lenin, uyo aifarira mukurumbira zvikuru hurumende yeSoviet, vakatsoropodza pfungwa Confederation, muchitenda kuti ezvinhu akadaro kwaizova simba kubatana pakati yenyika chinoda.

Asi Lenin haana kubvumirana zvataurwa Stalin, maererano iyo kuzvionera - mubatanidzwa wevanhu dzeSoviet mukati Russian Federation sechinhu zvionera (akazvimirira uye zvakaenzana) kuvashanu. Lenin aiva mutsigiri Soviet Union kuti batana marongerwo. Iye akauya aine zita yemberi nehurumende.

Federation, Lenin akafunga kuti vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana nyika ndiyo kukodzera chimiro nokuwadzana. Kwakadaro ruzhinji-enyika aizogovera wakaenzana chinoda zvose, kusanganisira kodzero secede kubva Soviet Union. Federation haana kuva nzvimbo kunyanyisa centralism uye guru-simba chauvinism.

Stalin chevana autonomization

Muna 1922, Stalin dzatora pambiru RSFSR vanhu commissar nokuda vemarudzi. Iyewo rinotungamirirwa bato uye hurumende basa kuti yakatanga gwaro mutemo akagamuchira munhoroondo zita "autonomization urongwa."

Pasi bhiri, vatatu dzeSoviet - Belarus, Ukraine, uye Transcaucasian Federation (Azerbaijan, Armenia uye Georgia) - vaifanira kuva zvionera mukati Russian Federation.

Kutaura zvazviri, Stalin zvinganaka nokuumba unitary mamiriro pamwe chete, mukuru simba miviri ane Republic uye wepamutemo gadziriro. Nemamwe mashoko, musimboti utungamiri aifanira kuridza zvinokosha basa zvose zvoMutemo Union chinoda, ayo chaizvoizvo kunyimwa yomunyika changamire.

Paumbwe USSR

December 30, 1922 nhume dzeSoviet akasaina mubatanidzwa chibvumirano uye chiziviso vachiparidza paumbwe USSR. Zvinyorwa izvi zvairatidza kuti mibvunzo chete vemamwe zvokutengeserana uye gwara, kudzivirira, kukurukurirana uye mari zvichabviswa kutarisirwa musimboti hurumende masangano. The Kugadzirisa asara nyaya vakasara mukati kukwanisa nezviremera zvenyika.

Saka, hwaro pakusikwa Soviet Union vakanga vakaisa Leninist nenheyo youchangamire nekuenzana; asi sezvo nguva dzakaratidza, chete pamutemo. Kutaura zvazviri, kodzero Union chinoda zvishoma rakaderedzwawo, uye hurumende pachayo anova unitary. Nokukurumidza kuzvionera paitonga Stalin Soviet Union akatanga dzika.

Zvinoguma nei?

Zvikonzero zvimwe Kurwisana kwemadzinza kwakamuka panguva kwezana 80-90-ies muna USSR, uye pashure pokuwa yaimbova Soviet Union, kuti kuwanikwa kweSoviet.

Ichokwadi, matambudziko aya haangapiwi mhosva chete mirawu autonomization, akaisa bato hutungamiri mu yechinangwa paruzhinji-nenyika. Pamberi chimurenga, nyaya munzvimbo iyi vaiva nani. Zvisinei, kukanganisa wamambo kodzero chinoda vasingagoni kuyambuka pasina zvikasawanirwa.

Yenhoroondo Soviet, kana kugadzirira vaiva kuitwa nokuda pakusikwa USSR, pane anodzidzwa zvishoma, uyewo Stalin kuti kuzvionera. Izvi zvinotungamirira dzisingapindirani nokufungidzira zvematongerwo ano hukama pakati dzaichimbova kamwe Soviet uye chero zvazvingava haakonzeri rugare kupedza kuti zviripo dzomunyika kurwisana.