Ezhov Nikolay: Biography uye pikicha

Sezvo tichiziva kubva kare, vazhinji vevaya akatumira France kwamachinda uye mhuri youmambo kuti guillotine panguva Great Chinotyisa muzana remakore rechi18, gare gare vakanga pachavo vakaurayiwa. Pakanga kunyange hove okuti, zvakaziviswa ne rezvemitemo Danton, akati, vasati musoro pake: "The chimurenga unoparadza vana vayo."

History akadzokorora pacharo mumakore zvinotyisa Stalin vake, apo mumwe nokuvatema chinyoreso zuro, ari kuuraya aigona kuva chete mujeri mubhedha kana vaizopfurwa pasina kutongwa, uyewo vaya vaakanga atuma kuti avaurayisa.

The muenzaniso wakajeka iri Ezhov Nikolay - commissar pakati Internal Affairs of USSR. Rakarurama mapeji akawanda Biography rake uchibvunzwa dzekare, nekuti pane zvakawanda rima mavara.

vabereki

Maererano mukuru, Ezhov Nikolay akaberekwa muna 1895 kuSt Petersburg, mumhuri kushanda.

Panguva iyoyo zvinonzi vaidavira kuti baba vake aiva Ivan commissar Yezhov, uyo akaberekwa aine. Volhonschino (Tula dunhu) uye vakashumira muchiuto muna Lithuania. Ikoko vakasangana musikana dzomunharaunda waakawana nokukurumidza uye vakasarudza kudzokera kunyika yokumusha kwavo. Pashure demobilization mhuri Yezhov akatamira Suvalki dunhu, uye Ivan paakasvika mapurisa.

udiki

Panguva yokuberekwa Makwana vabereki vake Ungangove aigara mumusha muna Marijampole County (zvino Lithuania). 3 Kwapera makore, baba vomukomana akagadzwa mutarisiri County Zemsky dzomumaguta nharaunda. ezvinhu Izvi zvakakonzera kuti mhuri yakatamira muna Marijampole, apo puraimari Kohl disaccustomed 3 years.

Kutenda mwanakomana vabereki vake vakadzidza zvakakwana muna 1906 akamutumira kuti hama muSt Petersburg, apo iye aifanira kudzidza kusona kutengeserana.

youth

Kunyange zvazvo Biography pamusoro Nikolaya Ezhova akataura kuti kusvikira 1911 iye aishanda Putilov fekitari raizondipa unyanzvi hunodiwa makanika. Zvisinei, zvinyorwa zvakachengetedzwa regai kuzosimbisa ichi. We chete kuziva kuti muna 1913, jaya akadzokera vabereki vake Suvalki mudunhu, uye ipapo akadzungaira kunotsvaka basa. Muchiitiko chino, nokuti vamwe nguva kunyange aigara Tilsit (Germany).

Muzhizha 1915 Ezhov Nikolay muzvipiri akaenda kuhondo. Pashure kudzidziswa muna 76th Navi rechiuto akatumirwa North-Western Front.

Mwedzi miviri gare gare, pashure kutambura chakakomba chirwere uye zvemapapu kukuvara, akatumirwa necheshure, uye mukutanga kwezhizha 1916 Nikolay Ezhov, ane kukura kwakanga chete 1 mutinhimira 51 cm rave richiziviswa kukodzera muchiuto. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, akatumirwa rwemberi wekishopu iri Vitebsk, iyo akaenda navarindi uye madhirezi, uye nokukurumidza, sendarama nomazvo musoja, akagadzwa wezvokukurukurirana.

In Mumatsutso 1917, Ezhov Nikolay akanga ari muchipatara uye akadzokera chikwata chake kusvikira pakutanga 1918, yakati yapararira nokuda chirwere nokuda 6 mwedzi. Iye zvakare akaenda vabereki vake, avo panguva iyoyo vaigara Tver province. Muna August wegore iroro Yezhov akatanga kushanda panguva girazi mufekitari, waiva Vyshny Volochyok.

Tanga bato basa

The remibvunzo izere ne Yezhov mukuvamba 1920s, akati kuti akabatana RSDLP muna May 1917. Asi pashure penguva yakati akatanga kutaura kuti akazviita muna March 1917. Panguva iyoyowo, maererano dzimwe nhengo Vitebsk guta sangano iri RSDLP kwayo pamisara Yezhov akatora 3 chete August.

Muna April 1919, akanzi kushanda Red Army uye akatumira radioformirovany chawo muna Saratov. Ikoko akashanda ari oga pakutanga, uye zvino nokurayira munyori. Muna October wegore iroro Ezhov Nikolay vakagadzwa Commissioner chawo apo redhiyo nyanzvi vaidzidziswa, uye chitubu 1921 akagadzwa nomumiririri nechigadziko, uye akasarudzwa Mutevedzeri mukuru wedhipatimendi agitpropagandistskim Tatar Regional Committee of RCP.

On Party vanoshanda guru

Muna July 1921, Ezhov Nikolay vakanyorwa muchato pamwe Titov. Nokukurumidza pashure muchato, mwenga akaenda Moscow uye Kutamiswa ikoko uye murume wake.

In guru, Yezhov akatanga kufamba nokukurumidza muushumiri. Zvikurukuru, mwedzi mishoma gare gare akatumirwa Mari Regional Party Committee basa rokuva munyori.

Uyezve, iye akabata zvinotevera bato nzvimbo:

• Executive munyori Provincial Komiti Semipalatinsk;
• musoro sangano dhipatimendi remunharaunda komiti of Kirghiz;
• Mutevedzeri Executive munyori remunharaunda komiti Kazakskogo;
• orgraspredotdela murayiridzi CC.

In Kutarisira mafungiro, Ezhov Nikolay Ivanovich aiva muiti akakwana, asi aiva chinokosha drawback - vasingagoni kumira, kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu apo hapana chinogona kuitwa.

Zvaakanga aishanda Central Committee kusvikira 1929, akapedza mwedzi 12 akashumira Deputy vanhu commissar of Agriculture of USSR, uye ipapo akazodzokera orgraspredotdel kuti musoro.

"Kubvisa"

Orgraspredotdelom Nikolai Yezhov aiva mutariri kusvikira 1934. Zvino akatendeukira Central Committee of CPSU, rakanga raitwa "Kuchenesa" webato, uye kubva February 1935 iye akasarudzwa sachigaro CPC Central Committee uye munyori.

Kubva 1934 kusvika 1935 Yezhov akamiririra Stalin vakaenda rairo Kremlin uye nyaya Kirov kuti umhondi kuongorora. Ndiye akabatanidza navo Zinoviev mabasa, Trotsky uye Kamenev, chaizvoizvo vakarangana Agranov okupedzisira webasa ari NKVD Yagoda.

kugadzwa itsva

Muna September 1936, Stalin uye Zhdanov, vaiva iyoyo pazororo, akatumirwa guru Cipher neteregiramu achitaurirwa Molotov, Kaganovich uye dzimwe nhengo Politburo. Mariri urutakure kugadza Yezhov kusvikira pambiru vanhu commissar pamusoro Affairs Internal, vachimusiya sezvo mutevedzeri Agranova.

Chokwadi, kuti akanga akatakurwa kunze pakarepo, uye pakutanga October 1936 Nikolay Ezhov akasaina rokutanga kuti dhipatimendi wake abatane pambiru.

Ezhov Nikolay - vanhu commissar pamusoro Affairs Internal

Sezvo G. Berry, akateerera eHurumende masangano uye mapurisa, uyewo ancillary mabasa akadai moto kudzivirirwa uye migwagwa utariri.

Munzvimbo yake itsva Nikolay Ezhov akaronga udzvanyiriri pamusoro vanhu vaifungidzirwa kuva vasori kana Anti-Soviet mabasa, "purges" iri Party, mukanyiwa kusungwa, nokubudiswa munyika zvemagariro, National uye masangano nemitsetse.

Zvikurukuru pashure akarayiridza March 1937 plenum of Central Committee aite zvinhu zviri NKVD, vakasungwa muna 2273 mushandi ari sangano. Uyezve, akatanga inaye panguva Yezhov NKVD mirairo, mitumbi pasi, zvichiratidza uwandu vagari vasingavimbiki vari pasi kusunga, rufu, muutapwa kana mutirongo uye mumisasa yechibharo.

Munguva idzi "zvakapembererwa" Yezhov akanga paakavapa Unorudzi Lenin. Panewo nhamba pamabasa ake zvinogona kunzi kuparadzwa yekare vavarindi kuipandukira avo vaizivikanwa dziine tsvina, dzisingatarisiki nhoroondo dzeupenyu zhinji pamusoro vakuru.

April 8, 1938 Yezhov akagadzwa chikamu-nguva vanhu commissar Rwemvura Transport, uye Papera mwedzi yakati mutevedzeri of NKVD uye Chief of State Security wekutanga ndokutora Lavrentiy Beriya.

manyadzo

Muna November 1938, Politburo of CP vakakurukura kwokupa mhosva Nikolaya Ezhova, uyo akanga chasainwa musoro Ivanovo NKVD. Mazuva mashoma gare gare commissar tendered yokurega yake, izvo aiziva basa raro nokuda sabhoteji mabasa "vavengi", raakanga nokusaziva akapinda nehofisi yevachuchisi uye NKVD.

Ruchifanoona ake nokukurumidza kusungwa, mune tsamba kumutungamiriri marudzi akanga akumbira varege kubata kwake "makore makumi manomwe mukadzi-mai" uye akapedzisa tsamba yake nokutaura kuti aiva "pogroms vavengi makuru."

Muna December 1938, "News" uye "Pravda" rakabudiswa mashoko Yezhov, maererano chikumbiro chake, akaendesa kubva NKVD musoro mabasa, asi wakasara pambiru vanhu commissar Rwemvura Transport. Akanga Anotsiviwa Lavrenty Beria, uyo akatanga basa rake panzvimbo yake itsva kusungwa vanhu pedyo Yezhov kusvika NKVD, matare uye hofisi muchuchisi wacho.

Pazuva rechi15 gore V. I. Lenina rufu, Yezhov akanga okupedzisira chipo panguva chiitiko chinokosha norudzi kukosha - musangano dzokuzvinatsa vakazvipira ichi anosuruvarisa mhembero. Asi zvino vaitevedzera chiitiko, izvo zvinoratidza pachena kuti pamusoro pake kunyange kupfuura kare, kuunganidzwa makore hasha mutungamiriri dzavanhu - akanga asina kusarudzwa nenhume kuna XVIII Congress of Communist Bolshevik Party.

kusunga

Muna April 1939, Ezhov Nikolay Ivanovich, ane Biography yaiva nyaya Zvaifadza basa yasimuka munhu kusvika panguva ino, chete chikoro chepurayimari, akanga asungwa. Kusungwa kwakaitika muhofisi Malenkov raMwari, pamwe kutora chikamu Beria, uyo akagadzwa kuti atungamirire feya nyaya yake. Kubva imomo akanga kujeri Sukhanovskaya chinokosha NKVD.

Pashure 2 weeks, Yezhov akanyora katsamba, izvo akabvuma kuti ngochani. Gare gare yaishandiswa sezvo uchapupu kuti akaita tyisa zvepabonde kuti udyire uye Anti-Soviet zvinangwa.

Asi kunyanya, zvakanzi vakaisa kwaari nemhosva, akanga kuronga nevapanduki uye kurovedza kwemagandanga, izvo yaigona kuita kurwisa nhengo dzebato uye hurumende iri November 7 panguva Red Square, panguva kuratidzwa pakati kushanda vanhu.

Mitongo uye aurayiwe

Nikolai Yezhov, pikicha iyo chinopiwa munyaya, akaramba zvose mhosva uye akadana chikanganiso chake chete kushaya kushingaira mu "okuchenesa" eHurumende nhengo.

Muhurukuro yake yokupedzisira ari kutongwa, Yezhov akati akarohwa panguva kuferefeta, kunyange makore 25 okuberekwa nokutendeseka vakarwa uye vakaparadza vavengi vevanhu. Uyezve, akati kana ndaida kuti nemagandanga pamusoro mumwe nhengo hurumende, haana kuti rokutsvaka munhu, aikwanisa chete kushandisa zvakakodzera unyanzvi.

February 3, 1940, aichimbova vanhu commissar akatongerwa rufu. The kuuraya kwakaitika zvinotevera zuva. Maererano nouchapupu nevaya vaimuperekedza okupedzisira nguva asati apfurwa, akaimba "The Internationale". Death Nikolaya Ezhova zvakaitika nguva. Kuparadza kunyange kuyeuka ekare mamwe masoja, utungamiri bato akanga asarudza pamusoro kupiswa muviri wake.

pambiru mortem

About paitongwa Yezhov wake aurayiwe haisi yakashuma. Chinhu bedzi kuti vanhuwo mugari akaona Nyika vokuSoviet, zviri kudzoka aimbova zita reguta Cherkessk, uyewo kunyangarika aimbova vanhu commissar mifananidzo neboka mapikicha.

Muna 1998, Nikolai Yezhov akawanikwa varege rehabilitated ne Military Collegium Supreme Court. Mibvunzo akataura zvinotevera:

• Yezhov akaronga dzakatevedzana paumhondi vanhu vanga kumufadza pachake;
• Akatora upenyu wake, nekuti iye aigona pachena mabasa ake pamutemo, uye akaita zvose zvaaigona kuti ape mhosva kuti chiito kuzviuraya;
• somugumisiro remapazi kuitwa maererano mirairo Nikolaya Ezhova, akasungwa zvinopfuura hafu yemiriyoni vagari.

Ezhov Nikolay Ivanovich: rudo upenyu

Sezvambotaurwa, mukadzi wokutanga akapfurwa commissar Antonina Titova (1897-1988). The Vaviri vakarambwa muna 1930, uye akanga asina vana.

With mudzimai wake wechipiri - Eugene (Shulamith) Solomonovna - Yezhov akanga asangana apo iye akanga achiri akaroora Wenyika uye wenhau Alekseem Gladunom. Musikana nokukurumidza akava vakarambana uye akava mudzimai refu bato wamambo.

It vakakundikana kubereka vaviri muchiedza kuvana vavo, asi ivo vava nherera. zita vomusikana akanga Natalie, uye mushure kuzviuraya amai vokurera, iyo yakaitika nguva pfupi asati asungwa nokuurayiwa pamusoro Yezhov, iye akapedzisira nherera.

Zvino munoziva wakange Nikolai Yezhov, ane Biography chaiva kwese revashandi akawanda ehurumende midziyo mumakore iwayo, Dorval kuti simba iri makore USSR mangwanani uye upenyu rakapedzwa uyewo avo vakatambudzwa.