Nzvimbo yokutanga muchiuto

Base Misha muchiuto kwakatanga makore 1810-12. Zvadaro, muna Mogilev mupurovhinzi Kesari Alexander I vakaedza kugadzirisa kuchengeterwa rechiuto iri inifanduri chemazana chehondo Eletski. Zvisinei, kuti izvi mambo vasingagoni - kuvhiringidzwa nehondo.

Economic ezvinhu muRussia pashure muchiuto chiito rwakavatambudza zvikuru. The nzvimbo apo hondo kwakaitika, vakaparadzwa, uye munyika zvemari ezvinhu ari kusangana zvakadzama dambudziko. Mamiriro munyika akabvunza kusarudza pavari. Kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, Alexander I zvakare kushandisa kuti kusikwa nemisha zvechiuto.

Nyika itsva yakanga yakagadzirirwa anyanye kuderedza mari kuramba hondo. Mukuwedzera, mubvunzo kuchaitwa vanopinza munguva yorugare, akagarisa kusagutsikana kudivi vanhuwo zvavo uye landlords vakanga kunyimwa vashandi. Saka, kugadzirisa zvinenge chikamu dambudziko, kwakasarudzwa kutanga kuumbika misha zvechiuto.

Mibvunzo pamusoro zvokuchinja itsva dzakanga kugadziriswa yakamanikana zvikuru denderedzwa, dzaisanganisira Alexander Rokutanga, uye Arakcheev, Yermolov, Sambursky uye Witt. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakatanga itsva akatakurirwa kunze bedzi nezviito hunobatsira autocracy. Zvisinei, hapana zvokudya kana mirayiro zvehondo kugarwa haana kukwira, nokuchinja pasina kukurukura hurumende masangano akaitwa.

In tsika, misha uto mberi varanda varimi. Akasunungura (pamutemo) kubva serfdom, havana kuenda kubasa, uyewo kuita rwokugadzira kana zvokutengeserana. Uyezve, varimi vaifanira kutakura basa.

Misha vemauto yokutanga dzakarongwa mune Novgorod province. Munzvimbo iyi taigara ehurumende vanhuwo zvavo. mambo wavo vaironga kutamira vomumusha.

Novgorod Province inozivikanwa ayo arable nyika, vari mvura uye nyika muchikurukurirana yakazokudziridzwa. Uyezve, zvikuru wakanamatira ivavo uye munharaunda guru. Kufungwa panguva imwechete uye zvine urongwa zvinhu.

Military nemisha akaumba ari Novgorod kudunhu, vaiva vaitungamirirwa Arakcheev.

Muna 1817, April 18 ari yeko Vysotsky akatanga paumbwe wokutanga rechiuto kwaigara uye yunifomu vanhuwo zvavo uye Grenadier hondo Count Arakcheev. Saka zvakanzi nheyo kuti chidzoke dzomumisha zvechiuto ari Novgorod province.

Muna 1817-18 kwakaita pamutemo gwaro ndokukweverwazve kumusoro. Pachishandiswa "pakagadzwa nemisha nemauto" vakanga akatanga kuumbwa dzakaderera chidhiraivho: kambani uye makomiti regimental. Uye zvadaro yepamusoro miviri akatanga kuumba.

Military nemisha zvakachinja yose upfumi nemamiriro vanhuwo zvavo. Chokwadi, nyika itsva akasangana kurwisa zvavo. Uyezve, vanhuwo zvavo vakanga kunyimwa kwokubatana kwavo zvose nokuda aida nyika, vaifanira zvinosanganisirawo vanhu. Nyika itsva mukanyatsochengeta chengetedza zvose zvoupenyu.

Nemari paumbwe uto nemisha havana inopiwa. Hurumende yave dzinounzwa bundu Verengai zviuru makumi mashanu rubles. Naizvozvo envisaged zvekushandisa chinhu ari bhajeti. Nokuti mari zviri pamutemo zvinosanganisira mari kubva Cossacks. Kwakatungamidzwawo zvakavanzika mari. Somuenzaniso, kuti varimi vakasununguka, possessory uye yakananga vanhuwo zvavo vasunungurwa vanopinza kana ivo varipa rubles maviri kubva mweya 500 vaiendeswa.

Vomunguva nehanya nemauto nemisha chinoreva zvakawanda chaizvo. On paumbwe zvisiri zvinokonzerwa akawanda chokwadi. Zvikurukuru, vomunguva vakati pamusoro kuvhara remaguta, kuzviparadzanisa kwavo kubva munyika. Uyezve, vanhuwo zvavo, kuratidza kuramba itsva, vakanga pasi chirango chakakomba.

Zvisinei, nyika itsva vaivawo vatsigiri. Kunyanya, kuchinja rutsigiro akagamuchira mumunhu General Davydova, Marquis Pau, Gavhuna Risch. Pakati vatsigiri nemisha mauto akanga uye Speransky.