Chii Zolotaya Orda. Makore Golden Horde

Panguva chii pavaipfuura kurovedza rinowanzova vadzidzi vakajairana yokuti "Golden Horde"? 6 Kirasi Chokwadi. History mudzidzisi anoudza vana kutambura vanhu Orthodox kubva kune dzimwe nechisimba. Mumwe anowana pfungwa kuti muzana remakore namatatu Russia akatambudzikawo chete utsinye basa, sezvo ari forties remakore rapfuura. Asi zvakadaro tinongoita kuzochera zvakafanana pakati Third Reich uye romuMiddle Semi-anongofamba ezvinhu? Uye kuti vaikosha Slavs Tatar-Mongol joko? Chii chaiva Zolotaya Orda? "History" (Grade 6 bhuku) hakusi bedzi kunobva panyaya iyi. Kune vamwe, zvikuru nouchapupu mabasa nevatsvakurudzi. Ngatitaurei vakura Kutarira panguva nguva nokururamisira refu munhoroondo nyika yake yaakaberekerwa.

Pakutanga Golden Horde

Europe kokutanga akasangana Mongolian madzinza anongofamba rokutanga kota remakore rechigumi nematatu. Mauto Genghis Khan vake kusvika Adriatic uye aizokwanisa kufamba mberi - kuna Italy uye Western Europe. Asi hope mukundi guru kwakapedziswa - the eMongolia vakakwanisa angaisa mvura kubva achidzora Gungwa Western. Saka zviuru zvizhinji hondo vakadzokera steppes. Makore makumi maviri ose Mongol Empire uye feudal Europe avapo, kwete nokutarisana, sokunge iri inofambirana nyika. Muna 1224, Genghis Khan akaparadzanisa hwake umambo pakati pavanakomana vake. Saka pakanga Ulus (dunhu) Jochi - madokero umambo. Kana isu kuzvibvunza chii Zolotaya Orda, pokutangira kuverenga paruzhinji dzidzo anogona kunzi muna 1236. Panguva iyoyo chinzvimbo Han Batu (mwanakomana Jochi uye muzukuru Genghis Khan) akatanga rwendo rwake kumadokero.

Chii Zolotaya Orda

Izvi mashandiro muchiuto, kubvira 1236 ne 1242, yekudyidzana akawedzera nharaunda Jochi Ulus kumavirira. Zvisinei, kuti Golden Horde kutaura achiri mangwanani. Ulus - imwe administrative dzaishandiswa mune guru rezvitendero Genghis Khan, uye akanga novimba hurumende nechepakati. Zvisinei, Khan Batu (mu yaMakoronike Russian Batu) muna 1254 takatamira guta rake Lower Volga nharaunda. Ikoko Akaitawo guru. Khan inotangwa rimwe taundi guru Saray-Batu (zvino nzvimbo pedyo nomusha Selitrennoe muna Astrakhan mudunhu). Muna 1251 akabata Kurultai, kwaakanga akasarudzwa mambo Mongke. Batu akasvika guru Karakorum uye akatsigira mugari wenhaka. Other Vakwikwidzi vakaurayiwa. nyika yavo vakakamurwa pakati Mangu uye Chingizids (kusanganisira Batu). Shoko rokuti "Zolotaya Orda" pacharo akazviratidza zvikuru gare gare - muna 1566, mubhuku rake rinonzi "Kazan History" kana kuti State pacharo wakatobatsira havasisipo. The Nemusi uyu miganhu sangano rakanga "ulu Ulus ', izvo zvinoreva mushanduro kubva Turkic" Grand Duchy ".

Makore Golden Horde

Of kuratidza kuzvipira kuna Mangu Khan Batu basa rakanaka. ulus yake vakagamuchira mukuru kuzvionera. Asi mamiriro awana rusununguko zvizere chete pashure Batu afa (1255), kare munguva yaitonga Khan Meng-Katya muna 1266. Asi kunyange ipapo, wakasara chezita vajairira of Mongol Empire. Sechivako ichi zvakanyanyisa vashoma ulus zvaisanganisira Volga Bulgaria, Northern Khorezm, Western Siberia, kuti Dasht-i-Kipchak (steppes kubva Irtysh kusvika Danube), North Caucasus uye Crimea. By nharaunda, dzidzo pachena anogona kuenzaniswa hweRoma. Its wokumaodzanyemba kumucheto raiva Derbent, uye kuchamhembe-wokumabvazuva muganhu waiva Isker uye Tyumen kuSiberia. Muna 1257 akwira chigaro Ulus mukoma Batu, Berke Khan (aitonga kusvikira 1266), iye vatendeukira Islam, asi kazhinji nezvikonzero zvematongerwe enyika. Dzakafara negurumwandira pakati eMongolia kuna Islam haina kukanganiswa, asi kwakaita hanu vade vechiArabhu nemhizha uye vatengesi vaibva Central Asia uye Volga Bulgars. kubudirira Greatest yakasvika Zolotaya Orda remakore rechi14, apo choushe Uzbek Khan (1313-1342). Pasi pake, Islam akava chitendero wehurumende. Pakafa Uzbek hurumende yakanga kusangana nguva feudal kusabatana. Hike Tamerlane (1395) akadzinga chokupedzisira chipikiri iri pabhokisi guru, asi kwenguva pfupi umambo ichi.

End of Golden Horde

Muzana XV remakore wehurumende Zvaparara. Paiva duku akazvimirira kwavabati: asi Nogai Horde (makore XV remakore mangwanani), Kazan, Crimea, Astrakhan, Uzbek, Siberian Khanate. The nechepakati simba akaramba uye akaramba pakunzi mutungamiriri. Asi nguva Golden Horde akapfuura. mutsivi simba hwakawedzera chezita. mamiriro uku kunonzi Horde Great. It yaiva kuchamhembe Black Sea mhenderekedzo kunosvika kuna Lower Volga nharaunda. Horde Great akanga havasisipo chete pakutanga nemitanhatu remakore, kuitwa yokuita zvinoitwa pasi Crimean Khanate.

Russia uye Jochi Ulus

NecheSalvic nyika havana chikamu Mongol Empire. Chii Zolotaya Orda, rusichi anogona kutonga kunze zvakanyanyisa yokumadokero Jochi Ulus. Vamwe hwacho uye rayo guru kubwinya akaramba kunze purview wamachinda necheSalvic. ukama hwavo Jochi Ulus mune dzimwe nguva vakanga vakasiyana hunhu - kubva kudyidzana kuti kutsutsa uranda. Asi kakawanda yakanga chaiwo feudal ishe nomwanakomana ukama. machinda Russian vakauya guru Jochi Ulus, guta Sarai, uye vakauya kukotamira Khan, kugamuchira kwaari "chitaridzi" - kodzero yokuti vatarisire pachavo nyika yavo. Wekutanga akaita izvi 1243 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Naizvozvo, vokutanga uye aipfuura kuzviisa pasi raiva Chikwata riri Vladimir-Suzdal kwavabati. Kubva ichi, panguva Mongol-wechiTatar joko uye muzinda dzose Russian zvachinja. Vakava guta Vladimir.

"Unotyisa" wechiTatar-Mongol joko

History rokushandisa mugiredhi rechitanhatu ruchipa tyava kuti vanhu vokuRussia zvakatambura pasi basa mauto. Zvisinei, kwete zvose akasuwa kwazvo. Machinda Mongol mauto kutanga kushandiswa mukurwisa vavengi vavo (kana venhema kuti chigaro). Rutsigiro rechiuto vakadaro vaifanira kubhadhara. Zvadaro, panguva muranda Machinda chikamu mari yavo mitero kupa Khan ari Jochi Ulus - ishe wake. Rainzi "Horde panze." Kana kadhi iri kunonoka, kusvika bakauly kuti kuzviuru nemitero pachavo. Asi panguva iyoyo machinda Slav vairaira vanhu, uye upenyu hwake akaenda sakare.

Vanhu Mongolian Empire

Kana tikakumbira chii Zolotaya Orda kubva nemaonero pamusoro pehurumende ezvinhu, ipapo hapana mhinduro chete. Pakutanga raiva paramilitary uye Semi Union yemadzinza Mongolian. Very nokukurumidza - mukati imwe kana mbiri zvizvarwa - matambudziko simba mauto wakafananidzwa pakati vakundi yakakunda kwevanhu. Pakutanga mashoko XIV remakore Russian Horde inonzi "Tatars". Ethnographic Kuronga Empire yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo. Paiva domiciled Alans, Uzbeks, Kipchaks nevamwe anongofamba kana ndakagara dzavanhu. Khans vakakurudzira kukura kutengeserana, rwokugadzira uye kuvakwa mumaguta. kwakanga kusina kusarurwa chikonzero norudzi kana chitendero. In guru, Ulus - Barn - muna 1261 kunyange akaumba Orthodox shopi, akanga guru Diaspora Russian ikoko.