Ngarawa "Indianapolis": tsananguro, nhoroondo uye nhamo

Pakapera July 1945 pakanga kupfuura chinzvimbo mugungwa njodzi munhau US masimba wengarava. Nguva pfupi asati hondo, American ngarawa "Indianapolis" akanga torpedoed uye yakanyura pedyo yepasi pemvura Japanese. torpedoes maviri, yepasi pemvura akasunungurwa, kwakauraya upenyu vanopfuura mazana mapfumbamwe vengarava.

Vanozvipira muna Navy

Pashure rwaityisa kuti ndege Japanese akaronga 7 December 1941 panguva US wengarava mujinga pana Pearl Harlbor, United States iri parumananzombe kuranyutsa of Second World War. Pakati pavo batana nyika akaita basa rinokosha mune mufambiro remapazi zvechiuto mugungwa, uye zviuru vakomana American, simba aibuda dzokutsigira nyika kutaura, achidurura navo kubva maredhiyo uye mumapepanhau, akanyorwa nevazvipiri pamusoro rengarava.

A chinokosha chikonzero chokudada aiva mumwe wevaya vane basa chiteshi akashandura ngarawa USS Indianapolis, uye haasi masanga. Warship raparurwa November 15, 1932, akanga ava mumwe kupfuura rakakurumbira uye nomukurumbira nemidziyo. Agara nyasha dzavo Reisen President Teodor Ruzvelt. Kuyambuka gungwa mungarava, akaita nyasha kushanya. Deck ngarawa yeuka nhengo dzakawanda dzemhuri youmambo uye vatungamiriri venyika zvematongerwo enyika.

The chikepe chacho mukuru

Ngarawa, kunyange saizi yayo hwaienzanirana yakadaro rakasiyana chinzvimbo. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti nechepamusoro hachingagari minda maviri nhabvu pasina dambudziko. Vose kureba 186 metres uye misha akaenzana 12775 matani. Hofori iyi aigarira ne 1,269. Main wavanozvisunga uto raiva matatu nasal pfuti caliber 203 mm. Mukuwedzera, muna zvombo rake rinosanganisira vazhinji pamusoro-muchikepe maturusi uye vashoma zvivako Anti-ndege.

Aivawo wakafanira vehondo, vakanga vachigona zvakarurama uye nenguva kuzadzisa chero sezvakarayirwa High Command, pane chikepe vakakwanisa kusika nomukurumbira wakanaka. Wokupedzisira izvi akagadzwa 18 December, 1944 Charlz Batler McVay - muduku uye sowakajeka nekusimba mukuru. Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti aiva iye akatarisana nokuda mugumo kutungamirira ngarawa "Indianapolis" iri kokupedzisira mushandirapamwe.

Pausiku okuguma hondo

Somugumisiro vanoshingaira revarwi kuvhiyiwa muchirimo 1944 US Navy Zvikepe zvaiva makiromita mashomanana chete nemhenderekedzo Japan. Nokuti inokosha kurwisa chavaida mukudzidzire wakakwana springboard - chitsuwa Okinawa. The kuziva munhu pedyo kuguma hondo uye kukurumidza kukunda akamutsa morale pamusoro vezvikepe uye mheto mbiri simba.

Panguva iyoyowo vashori vavo vaiva akaoma zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu. VokuJapan havana chete guru chikamu zvikepe rakaparadzwa, uye akapedza zvombo, asi yakaguma vose iripo kuchengeterwa pakati manpower. In ezvinhu ichi yakaoma murayiro wavo akanga asarudza kupinda fray kamikaze - vezvikepe Ndege, vanonyanyisa, vakagadzirira kupa upenyu hwavo nekuda mambo.

A gore yapfuura, Boka Japanese ndege makazara zvinoputika uye aigarira nokurwisa kuzviuraya yokuzvidira US warships muhondo omuPhilippines. Zvadaro muna mishoma yakatevera, mabhomba anopfuura zviuru zviviri ndege vakaita sorties, zvichiita zvinokosha kuvadza US rengarava. Tichifunga yemamiriro ezvinhu, mambo akarayira apiwa kushandisa zvombo izvi.

kurwisa kuzviuraya

Zvinyorwa, asi ngarawa "Indianapolis" Akatsoropodzwa Ndege kuzviuraya mangwanani 31 March. Flip zvakanga zvakaoma, nekuti kumisa Ndege kuzviuraya aigona chete vapfura ndege mudenga, uye zvaibvira kwete nguva dzose.

Mukati kwemaminitsi mashomanana pashure pakatanga hondo rimwe ndege rakarwisa kubva makore yakarembera pamusoro pegungwa, iye ndokunobondera uta yacho ngarawa. Zvakazoitwa kuputika aiti upenyu pfumbamwe vezvikepe, sezvo vakaita kuti kukuvadza kumanikidzwa murayiro kubvisa chikepe kubva muhondo basa tumai kugadziriswa kuSan Francisco nechiteshi chengarava. Asi pasinei nezvose, mafungiro akanga Dzinotangazve, sezvo hondo vakaenda gore rapera - 1945.

Ngarawa "Indianapolis" anoita pachivande kuitira

zvino sei akaudza vasara Vatori zviitiko, ruzhinji vaunoshanda aiva nechokwadi chokuti hondo iri pamusoro pavo, uye kuti Kuregwa Japan achaitwa akasaina kuguma kugadziriswa pamberi. Asi mugumo kwakatemwa zvimwe. Mukutanga July, kana paiva vachirwa, mukuru chakarairwa pachishandiswa iyo US Navy ngarawa "Indianapolis" vaifanira kutora mungarava kwakavanzika nhumbi dzinokosha uye kuidzosera ari yamunenge kuenda.

Nokukurumidza chikepe midziyo miviri vakarerwa, iyo pakarepo akanzi varindi nezvombo. Mumazuva iwayo, hapana vafambisi havana kuziva chii rine ichi chisinganzwisisike zvinhu, uye vakawanda vavo uye aisafanira azvizive. Asi akanga nguva kupedzisa yokugadzirisa nayo ngarawa, maererano, akaenda kugungwa ndokunanga kuHawaii. Akafamba aine pamusoro kumhanya matatu namana Unit, ose nzira akafukidza mumazuva matatu.

Vatakuri mabhomba rufu

Nokusvitsa kufamba rwendo, Captain McVay akanga radioed kuti mberi kune Mariana Islands, vari chinhambwe zviuru zviviri mamaira kumavirira. Chokwadi rwendo zvakazoonekwa kuti ubatanidzwe nhamba dzavo chitsuwa Tinian. Pane zvaidiwa vaifanira zvokungwarira midziyo zvakabudiswa uriri uye vatora kumhenderekedzo.

Zvino hapana chakavanzika kuti vakanga uranium exchange cores nokuda enyukireya, rimwe yaiva paHiroshima pamazuva gumi, uye ayo kuputika, izvo akaparadza kupfuura kuchinja inofungidzirwa zana namakumi matanhatu zviuru vanhu kumanikidzwa nyika vanodedera, uye murayiro Japanese - wakasainwa musi August 15, nhumbi mapfumo. Asi zvino, ichi ichiri hapana aiziva, uye vanhu havagoni kufungidzira zvose zvakaipira munhu Apocalypse yenyukireya. Yaingova uto chakavanzika.

Pokufa ngarawa "Indianapolis" akanga pashure yakaronga yaunganidzwa mukuru pakarepo mushure vachidzikisa pakati mumidziyo. Akaudza kutevera kumadokero rePacific kuchitsuwa Guam, uye ipapo kuPhilippines. Hondo yakapera, uye kamwe sezvairayirwa yakagamuchirwa vashandi kuti "Indianapolis" sezvo kukokwa kugungwa kufamba, kwete hwakazara chero ngozi.

Captain Error McVeigh

Nechiteshi chengarava vakasiya musi July 16 uye pazuva iroro kubvira chengarava pamusoro Japanese wengarava mujinga San Francisco ngarawa "Indianapolis" chinyararire rakaenda yepasi pemvura, ipapo pasi nhamba I-58. mukuru wake Mochitsura Hashimoto aiva ruzivo submariner, uyo nechikepe kuburikidza hondo uye vakajaira norufu. nguva ino akabudisa chikepe chake pamusoro anovhima vokuAmerica vane fungidziro wavapenyu kukunda vanowanzotambura kunyimwa chepuraimari kungwara.

Maererano nemitemo, muhondo somutariri wenyika ngarava kuonekwa ne Ngarava dzepasi pemvura muvengi, unofanira kufamba mu zigzags. Ndizvo akadzinga zvikepe zvavo yose hondo Captain McVay, asi nesimba vakapoteredza euphoria yokukunda akabatanidzwa nzira paari. Sezvo pakanga pasina ruzivo pamusoro kuvapo munzvimbo muvengi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, vairegeredza senguva zvokungwarira. Izvi frivolity mhosva yakanga vakazoroorwa rwaityisa haunted naye kusvikira parufu rwake.

yepasi pemvura chaser

Zvichakadai, Japan yepasi pemvura sonars ukabatwa ruzha akaita screws sevatsvaki vemapuranga, uye izvi pakarepo vakaudza wavarwi. Mochitsura Hashimoto akarayira kuti agadzirire torpedoes kurwa uye kutevera chikepe, kusarudza nguva yakanaka kurwisa. Nokuti vashandi pamusoro ngarawa mushandirapamwe uyu aiva zvatinosiita hofisi yokungoitawo, uye hapana kunyange vanofungidzirwa kuti chikepe yavo vakadzinganiswa muvengi yepasi pemvura. Izvi akabvumira vokuJapan kutevera vokuAmerica pakavanda kupfuura mamaira mashomanana.

Pakupedzisira, apo daro anobvumirwa kuita kurwa kutangira chokwadi yakakwana vaaisangana, mumwe yepasi pemvura Japanese vatanga torpedoes maviri panguva ngarawa. A miniti Papera, Hashimoto kuburikidza eyepiece pamusoro periscope akaona vakapfurwa kudenga ane mvura patsime. Izvi zvinoratidzwa kuti mumwe wavo kwakasvika chinangwa chayo. Kuita revarwi basa, kuti yepasi pemvura yakanyangarika mukudzika penyanza sezvo chinyararire sezvo waonekwa.

njodzi

Hongu, zvirokwazvo, zvinosuwisa vafambisi yaiva zvakananga corners. The rakaputika injini mukamuri nzvimbo, vakaparadza chikwata yose riri maari. Ari kuumbwa buri iri mvura, uye, kunyange aro akakura ukuru, anorema ngarawa "Indianapolis" akava chokubata kurudyi divi. Pakadaro, njodzi yakanga chisingadzivisiki, uye Captain McVay akarayira vashandi kusiya chikepe.

Attack Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, iyo yakava kushamisika wakakwana kuna vose, kuputika uye haizopereri dombo zvisungo akatanga kukonzera nokutya uye nyonganyonga kuti rakafukidza kuparara mudziyo. Chimwe namazana maviri namakumi kununura vashandi bata panguva kupfeka lifejackets uye kumhanyira mumvura. Nenzira inoshamisa, vakawana kuti uchanyangadika-zvashata mari havasi kukwana - nhamba yavo haasi dzinoenderana nokuwanda rakarira. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vazhinji vafambisi kumirira rubatsiro kaizoenda kwenguva vari mumvura.

Tanga mana zuva dzikirira

Kuva pakati yakakura makwapa mafuta, avhiringidzwa kumativi akarohwa ngarawa, vakapupurira kuti chikepe aparara, kusvikira ichangobva kwainzi kunaka uye kuzvikudza American Navy. Vari pamberi ngarawa zvishoma nezvishoma miromo yesimbi pamusoro kurutivi zvayo, mhino chikamu aenda zvachose pasi mvura, zvichiita inosimbisa kumbotasvwa kumusoro, uye pakupedzisira, vose chikepe, sokunge vakaneta mauto okupedzisira mukurwisa penyanza rikanyura makadzika.

On nhasi, nokuti vezvikepe mapfumbamwe vakapona Japanese Avangard kurwisa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye akabatwa pakati penyanza pasina chikepe, pasina mvura yokunwa uye zvokudya, zvakatanga kuitika idambudziko chairo. Vakawanda vaiva ezvinhu nehana. Kumativi ose akauya yokuchemera kubatsirwa, asi kwakanga kusina munhu kukutsigira. Kuti zvimwe afadze chikwata, mukuru akaedza wose kuti vane imwe huru dzegungwa nzira vagutsikane, uye hapana mubvunzo achakurumidza pachena.

Zvisinei, zvose zvakanga zvakasiyana. Sezvo nokuputika muchikepe yeredhiyo uye vasingagoni nguva kutumira nhamo chiratidzo yave dzaparadzwa, zvikepe murayiro ndaisatombozviziva zvaitika. Pachitsuwa Guam, pane ngarawa akatevera, ake kusavapo yakatsanangurwa zvinoita kuchinja mararamiro uye haana kumutsa aramu. Somugumisiro, wakapfuura nhamo mazuva mana asati aiva bhomba netsaona mavara American akaita munharaunda patrol kutiza.

Rufu pakati Sharks

Asi vashoma achiripo kusvikira nhasi. Kunze nyota, nzara uye hypothermia, vakwasvi akandovavandira kusango munyanza ndeimwe ngozi inotyisa - shark. Pakutanga, pemvura akazviratidza imwe zenze shoma, zvino nhamba yakawedzera, uye nokukurumidza ose nzvimbo yakapoteredza vezvikepe chaizvoizvo kukambaira navo. Pakati vanhu Ndakatanga kusava. Hapana aiziva zvokuita uye sei unogona kuzvidzivirira kubva izvi utsinye zvikara mugungwa.

A rehove achiri vakarumanisa tighter mhete akapoteredza zvavo vakaurayiwa. Vakabva akavapo, uchikava kukwira pamusoro pemvura muromo wayo wakashama, ipapo zvakare akaenda zvakadzama. Pakarepo, pamusoro kurira nemafungu, rimwe shrill kuchema kwevanhu, uye mvura yakanga akabvarura akazaruka. Ndiyo yaiva mureza mumwe Sharks. Vabatwa ne pavarombo uye kupfuura vapenyu muzvakaratidzwa zviya zvakadzama.

mberi dambudziko

A hero mutambo akamira, ipapo dzakatanga mukati memazuva matatu. Pfumbamwe vezvikepe inobatwa mumvura mushure tsaona chete ngarawa US Navy "Indianapolis", anenge hafu akamboitirwa shark.

Asi nokukurumidza ichi chakawedzerwa mumwe ngozi. Chokwadi ndechokuti upenyu Mabhachi, panopinda vafambisi vakaramba kugara mumvura, vave akaverenga mazuva matatu. Zvaakanga apedza pfuma yavo, izvo zvakazara nemvura uye vakarasika buoyancy. Nokudaro, rufu ndokuva hakudzivisiki.

Nokusvika vanunuri

Chete musi August 2, kureva, pazuva rechina nedambudziko vashoma achiri mupenyu, akanzwa pamusoro kurira ndege misoro. Discover mutyairi wavo pakarepo vakaudza kumuzinda, uye kubva panguva iyoyo akatanga kununura oparesheni. Kusvikira huru midziyo panzvimbo mutsaona yakaitika ngarawa "Indianapolis", seaplane asvika uye, vavesa kumhara nengozi pakati kupupuma mafungu, akava mhando chengarava vose vaya vakakwanisa kurarama.

Nokukurumidza, nzvimbo nenjodzi rakasvika ngarava zviviri - muparadzi USS Bassett uye muchipatara chikepe USS norunyararo, kuti auya vakapukunyuka kuna Guam, apo vakagamuchira kurapwa. Pakati 1.189 vanhu mungarava, rakapona 316. chete Mamwe vafambisi chakaparadzwa ngarawa "Indianapolis" Takauyira mupenyu. Mazuva 17 chete kuguma hondo isati kuruboshwe.

The mutongo pechigaro chokutonga

The nedambudziko ngarawa "Indianapolis" akakonzera navanopinda resonance pakati American uye nyika voruzhinji. Nepaburi retsono kutyisa hondo, vanhu vaida pakarepo kuwana uye kuranga vaya nemhosva zvakaitika. Bazi Defence aida kuti sunga mukuru McVeigh, chaizomuita kuti ave nemhosva tsotsi kuregeredza yake, izvo zvakaita ngarava haana kuita nezvaro Pakadaro, munhu kunzvenganzvenga kufamba uye akava nyore kuti muvengi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

By Mutongo Tribunal, musi waDecember 19, 1945, mukuru ngarawa "Indianapolis" akanga demoted paukuru, asi akapukunyuka mujeri. Chinoshamisa, chapupu panyaya akakokwa akare mutungamiri Japanese yepasi pemvura Mochitsura Hashimoto, uyo akatumwa pasi kurwara-fated ngarawa. Hondo yakapera, uye zvino vaimbova vavengi pamwe kugadzirisa inokosha pamutemo nyaya.

Personal Dambudziko Captain

The mutongo pechigaro chokutonga, rava chikonzero zvikuru gakava. Zvese, manzwi achipomera murayiro rengarava kuda kuisa mhosva norufu ngarawa "Indianapolis" kuno McVeigh todzivisa lozhivshiesya mugove wavo basa. Dzaguma Zvisinei, chokwadi chokuti kwapera mwedzi mishomanana Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz pachake chirevo akamudzorera ake ekare chinzvimbo, uye mumwe makore mana gare gare uye chinyararire mudyandigere chinyararire.

Zvisinei, zvakanga akanga pakupedzisira zvinofanira kuva chimwezve akuvara, izvo zvakaita kuti rufu ngarawa "Indianapolis". Nyaya rufu rwake rwakanga dambudziko pachako Parizvino. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mumakore akatevera makore, McVeigh aigara tsamba kubva nhengo vemhuri kuvafambisi vengarava, nokuti kufa raakanga wakapomerwa. Pasinei akanga pamutemo abudiswa kuita, vazhinji vaiona iye mukuru muparanzvongo yacho chiitiko. Zviri pachena kuti pomero idzi dzakadzokorora inzwi hana yake. Kukwanisa kukurira tsika kurwadziwa, muna 1968, Captain McVay akapfurwa.

History of ngarawa "Indianapolis" kamwe zvakare kuva nyaya nhaurirano muna 2000, apo US Congress vakapfuura chisarudzo pahwaro izvo McVeigh anobvisa chose zvose zvaipomerwa kare mhosva. Gwaro iri kutanga kwake siginicha American mutungamiri , Bill Clinton, akabva aita chakakodzera kupinda mu yepachivande yakaputeni, akaramba zvakachengetedzwa of Navy.

Muguta Indianapolis, ane zita dzikapupurira ngarawa akafa muna rukudzo yake chisimbiswe chiyeuchidzo. Pamakore maviri, July 30, zuva apo Japanese Avangard nzira kugumisa kurwa chikepe pasi, iyo shongwe kunokwezva zvose vechikamu kupukunyuka munyika zvakaitika mazuva iwayo kamwe zvakare kugoverana marwadzo yose kurasikirwa. Asi nguva yava shingirira, uye vari kuva zvishoma uye zvishoma pagore.