Inyika mu Europe zvakasikwa ari Normans. The Normans mu Europe

Tisati tinoona chii muEurope zvakasikwa ari Normans, zvinokosha kuti tizive chii vanhu vorudzii akavanda pasi zita iroro. Shoko iri kwakafanana zvikuru kwakapararira pfungwa "VaViking". Vaiva unyanzvi vezvikepe zvinobva dzekuma Scandinavia, vanotsvaka upenyu nani kusiya nyika yavo hasha uye akaenda nokutorera kukura Ages mamiriro.

Nguva yaingopambwa wokuchamhembe vakafungidzira VIII-XI remakore. The VaViking vaiva vahedheni uye vakanamata vanamwari, iyo yakavapo chiKristu. Key basa kapoka zvinoda mumwe - mwari hondo. Ngwizhingwi mararamiro vomuNorway, vokuDenmark uye yeSweden parinouya kutya mumwoyo poushe Western Europe, ane nguva yokudekara pasi uye huchawedzera yakabudirira. Vakadaidzwa VaViking Normans (rinogona kushandurudzwa se "vanhu hwokuchamhembe"). Nhoroondo vemadzinza izvi kuchabatsira nani kunzwisisa mamiriro mu Europe zvakasikwa ari Normans. History (Grade 6) chaiyo akadzama kudzidza nyaya iyi chirongwa chacho.

Kusvikira pakuguma IX remakore uye zvaibiwa kwakaenderera nzendo vakanga unsystematic. Vatungamiri vanofarira chete mukurima, izvo vagamuchira, vakapa kuti kudzokera kumusha. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, zvose zvakachinja. Zvino nzara uchinzvera uye kubwinya zvakananga vafambisi vengarava akabata nyika uye vakagara maari.

Duchy pamusoro Normandy

Kupindura mubvunzo, iyo inoti iri Europe zvakasikwa zviri Normans panzvimbo yokutanga zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Duchy pamusoro Normandy. Idzi kuchamhembe kweFrance pamuromo yoRwizi Seine rakazvipira nokuda vanopinda nechisimba wokutanga kubva kuchamhembe. Muna 889, mutungamiri VaViking vagara pano, inonzi chime Hrolf. Nokudaro, nemauto ake, iye akapinda umambo France, richisvika kusvikira Paris namafuro. About kwayakatangira kuti vachiri nharo. Mune imwe shanduro nayo - Dane, pazuva rimwe - Norwegian.

Mambo France akanga asingakwanisi ari yayo kudzinga vatorwa kubva zvavo, saka muna 911, Charles III ari Simple akabayira kela (sapamakore yaMakoronike echiKristu yainzi Hrolf) kuita tsika rubhabhatidzo uye ave muranda pamusoro Carolingian. Mutungamiri VaViking akatora zita Robert I akateya nheyo Norman dzinza. Inyika mu Europe zvakasikwa ari Normans? Pfupi mhinduro uye anosanganisira duchy ichi. Nokufamba kwenguva, nomutorwa Scandinavians vakanga wakafananidzwa pamwe veko uye akatora mutauro wavo uye tsika. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune wakaoma feudal akanyatsorongwa, aichimbova nheyo ukama pakati vepamusoro nguva.

Kukunda England Imba Normandy

A Pamazita chaiyo iyo nyika muEurope zvakasikwa ari Normans, England mberi. Nemachinda, uyo akatonga Normandy, pamutemo vaiva vatongi vari pasi rekorona French, asi of facto kwete chete vakagara akazvimiririra, asiwo aiva simba guru dzakavakidzana calculators uye dzimwe varidzi fiefs. Pakati XI remakore muEngland anotonga Eduard Ispovednik, uyo ari-Saxon Wessex imba. In Normandy, ake panguva, aiva muzukuru Roberta I Vilgelm. The King uye Duke hama kure, akapa yokupedzisira chakarongwa kodzero yokugara wokutanga rokuti vakanga.

Kana muna 1066 Edward akafa, William yakazivisa kodzero dzavo kuti Chirungu choushe. Achigura pamusoro pachitsuwa, kuti Norman hondo vakakunda Anglo-Saxons uye munhu anopikisa dzavo Harold ari Hondo Hastings. Pakupedzisira umambo akaisa kuna 6 makore. Saka, chii kuti mamiriro mhando muEurope zvakasikwa ari Normans? Pindura - England. Zviitiko izvi zvave anokosha munhoroondo yose Europe.

The kukosha kuzviisa pasi weEngland

Kuongorora chii muEurope zvakasikwa ari Normans, hatigoni kuita kunze pfungwa kukosha rokutora kuBritish Isles.

Chekutanga, Albion pakupedzisira vakaputsa ukama dzekuma Scandinavia. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, Norwegian uye Danish vakaedza kukurira kuchitsuwa simba rake. Vamwe vave vanobudirira (somuenzaniso, Knud Veliky), asi pakupedzisira vakanochengeta VaViking havana kubudirira Britain. Yechihedheni vachirwisa kare, kwete chete nokuda England asi Europe yose. A itsva yechiKomonisiti. Air umambo zvishoma vakagamuchira chiKristu uye akapinda vanhuwo European pakukura muchadenga.

Chechipiri, Britain pacharo zvachinja. Pano pakupedzisira oga simba ramambo akabvumirwa, kuti kwemakore chakawedzera. A nguva apo chitsuwa hwakagara dzimwe nyika-Saxon kare. Chete paitonga William hondo kwakabatana uye zvikepe, A vaverengwe akasikwa, chakanyorwa akakurumbira "Domesday Book". Norman kwamachinda akataura French uye akatamira kuti chitsuwa. mutauro Chirungu kwemazana emakore anoverengeka akava chiratidzo vanhuwo zvavo. Asi, sezvinowanzoita pamwe VaViking Hrolfa, pamwe kuchinja kumarudzi yakaitika kuitwa, kuburikidza icho kupinda chaizvo French mashoko mumutauro wemo.

Anglo-Norman

Norman chigaro vakatonga kusvikira 1135. Wilhelm navanakomana vake vakaisa nheyo ano Chirungu mamiriro, razova UK. With rufu yababa vake, chigaro akanga nhaka nomwanakomana wake, William II namesake Auburn (Rufusi) (1087 - 1100). Mukoma wake Robert Kurtgoz akagamuchira Normandy. Nenzira, akava mumwe varongi vari Hondo First kuMiddle East.

The ukama kwehama vakanga hwakakanganiswa kugara kurwisana pamusoro okuremekedza. The gakava asina kugadziriswa, kana William akaurayiwa ari kuvhima. Zvaisiyana chipingamupinyi hunhu uye vakashora veko-Saxon vakakwirira, izvo vasanyanya nheyo mamiriro.

Chirungu choushe maigara muduku hama - Henry I (1100 - 1135). Robert akaramba kuedza Chirungu korona, kusvikira akatorwa musungwa panguva Hondo Tanshbre muna 1106. Akanga mujeri kwemakore 28 uye akafa mujeri. Henry yakagamuchirawo Normandy uye akabatana nhaka yababa vake. Kwakatanga kuwedzera yayo kuWales. Uyezve, zvaitsamira French mudunhu Brittany.

mwanakomana wake uye mutsivi Wilhelm akafa zvinosuruvarisa muna 1120 mushure kwokuputsika pamusoro "White chikepe" iri Chirungu Channel. Chiitiko ichi anorodzerwa dynastic dambudziko. Pashure rufu yehondo Henry rakamuka pakati Stephen muzukuru wake uye mwanasikana Matilda. mwanakomana wake, Henry II akakwira choumambo muna 1167, pashure iyo imba pakupedzisira kupfupika sezvo mambo mutsva pamusoro baba vake vaiva mhuri Plantagenet.

Zvaive munguva youmambo iyi anotanga kubatanidzwa nomumwe ari Norman vepamusoro uye-Saxon vemo, izvo zvakazoita kuti pakaberekwa rudzi Chirungu mukunopera Middle Ages.

County pamusoro Aversa

The zvinoshamisa nyaya Air varwi infiltrated kupinda kumaodzanyemba kweItaly uye akasika ikoko aine umambo, haagoni kuteerera kana toreva zvakasikwa kuti mamiriro mhando muEurope nokuda Normans.

Yavo yokutanga pamusoro Apennine kweItari yaiva County pamusoro Aversa vemazuva danidziro. Rakabvumirwa Raynulfu Drengo Duke Segiyo IV pamusoro Naples muna 1030. Future Earl pakati varwi vakawanda kubva North weFrance akarwa Byzantine Empire, rokuItari Anti-feudal.

County Puglia

Similar aiva kutapwa remhuri mhuri William Hauteville (mamwe manyuko - Hauteville). Akanga ane mari, uye mune zvechiuto kurwisana dzakawanda akava Count pamusoro apulia, kudzinga kuti Byzantines muna 1042. Nokufamba kwenguva, vakaita wakawedzera zvavo, vachiziva pachavo vatongi vari pasi Mutsvene hweRoma, Papa.

Saka, muna 1071, Robert Guiscard akadzinga vaMuslim kubva kuchitsuwa kweSisiri, uye ipapo apinda nhaka zita chete kubva Pope County. inoti zvose izvi vakasikwa ne Normans.

Umambo Italy

Pashure michato pakati mhuri Aimbova varwi uye zvose akakodzera nhaka feuds Southern Italy vaiva mumaoko Roger II, uyo ari Hauteville mhuri hwedzinza. At Christmas 1130 ari antipope Anaclet II azivikanwe mambo kweSisiri. Gare gare, zita ichi chichange kuzivikanwa muRoma. Sicilian umambo akuvadzwa vakakurirwa wandei varwi Byzantium uye remakore rakanga rave simba muMediterranean. Kwenguva yakati, akateerera kusvikira nyika North Africa uye Greece.

Zvisinei chigaro anobva Normandy pachigaro choushe anyanya pfupi nguva. Muna 1194 Wakapfuurira kuna Hohenstaufen youmambo, izvo zvinosanganisira madzimambo ipapo German. Kazhinji, ari Sicilian umambo kusvikira 1816, apo yakaguma panoperera ari Congress of Vienna mushure Napoleonic Wars. Zvanzi panoperera nyaya chii vave hurumende iri Europe akasika nokuda Normans. Mhinduro yacho iri kushamisa, sezvo marudzi shoma akakwanisa andobata mazita akasiyana kumatunhu muUK kuti Mediterranean.

Zvakazokonzerwa Norman kukunda

Vazukuru VaViking kunyatsobatsira yacho yose emakore. State muEurope kubudikidza Normans, kwete chete kwakachinja political map, asi zvakonzerawo dzinza shanduka, somuenzaniso, kuEngland.

Hondo East (kusanganisira muHondo) vakanochengeta Old World vaKristu. Nhoroondo chii muEurope zvakasikwa ari Normans, pfupiso inorondedzerwa kumusoro, zvinoratidza kuti kunyange chiduku paiva vaneshungu vanhu vanogona kuchinja njodzi imwe kondinendi yose.