Description uye nhoroondo muguta Voronezh

May 7, 2007 mu Russia yakanga rinoziviswa kutanga pfungwa "Guta Military Kubwinya." February 16, 2008 nemusoro uyu paakavapa uye Voronezh. Nhoroondo vana nevakuru vanogara ikoko nhasi, ndiyo nyaya dzavo umhare dzamadzibaba uye Vanasekuru, uyo kwemazana emakore mana ave achishingaira muzvirongwa yezvakaitika munyika yedu. Uyezve, zvinoita here kuunganidza ruzivo pamusoro vanhu vakaita zvakawanda kupa guta rayo ano ouduku uye chitarisiko.

Voronezh: nhoroondo zita reguta

Pamusoro Mabviro ezwi kunzvimbo zita "Voronezh" kufambidzana, hapana zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvakanaka akakurukura pfungwa, kunyange zvazvo enderana tsvakurudzo munzvimbo iyi yaitwa anopfuura hafu yezana remakore. Kunyanya, muzana remakore rechi19 Russian nyanzvi-Slavist Sreznevskii vatenda vakauya kubva zita kweshiri, "The Raven." Zvishoma Papera, maonero ichi chakatsigirwa nyanzvi yokuGermany M. Vasmer.

Muna 1947 Leningrad nyanzvi A. Popov akataura kuti nenzvimbo zita "Voronezh" nokuda Mordovian shoko "sup", iro rinoshandurudza sezvo sango. pfungwa iyi akakonzerwa gakava, uye akawana vose vatsigiri uye vaimupikisa.

Muna 1971, V. Zagorovsky ari monograph hwakatsaurirwa Voronezh yekare uye nhoroondo yacho, akataura kuti kunzvimbo zita unesungano harisati akatizivisa zita "Voroneg".

An dzinonakidza pfungwa raitwa mberi vemunzvimbo wenhau J. Mulkidzhanyanom, akataura kubatana muguta zita neshoko "TVG", iro rinoshandurwa kubva Iranian ruzha rwakaita rwakafara.

Muna 2009, Lazarev pfungwa kushandisa "nominalistic nzira" M. Mukanova kusarudza "madzitateguru" mythoephic pamusoro tsvagai mutambi Voronega. Uyezve, aiva murevereri kuti nokufunga etymological ukama hydronyms Vranje (Serbia), Raven (Russia), Varna (Bulgaria), Varna (Germany) uye vamwe. Tichitevera dzakavapo kubva Indo-European mudzi rinoreva kuti "mvura". Heino nyaya mazita guta Voronezh.

Pfupi vana vake kazhinji hatiiti, kungogumira kazhinji taura shanduro kuti Voronezh - ibatanidzo okuti "chinangwa" uye "onezh".

Wokutanga akanyorwa zvinyorwa

Nhoroondo guta Voronezh, maererano vamwe vanyori venhau, rinotanga asati 1177. Izvi runoratidzwa Chronicle, iyo inoreva kuhondo Vladimir namachinda Ryazan, akapedzisa kupukunyuka Yaropolka Ryazanskogo muguta "Voronozh". Mukuwedzera, muna netsamba akakurumbira European Ages mufambi mumongi Julian, akanyorwa muna 1235, ane zvinyorwa kuti chetatu varwi Batu Khan akamira pamberi Don River pedyo yemauto iyo vaiva ne "Russian kwavabati." Vatsvakurudzi kudzidza chinhu chiri nhoroondo muguta Voronezh, tenda kuti tiri kutaura nezvazvo. Chimwe Chronicle zvinyorwa kugarwa ichi chokuita 1284. Ikoko, muna kutsanangura chisimba Tatars pamwe nevagari Kursk weutungamiriri nezve "Voronezh dondo."

hwaro

Description uye nhoroondo weguta Voronezh zvikuru vashanyi vanoda kushanyako. Zvisinei, pachine hapana tenderano makore vangani ipapo Voronezh pamusoro. Nhoroondo yeguta iri pamutemo vanofungidzirwa 1585. Hwaro chiri panopindwa ari Digit kuti, maererano izvo zvinofanira kuitwa "kunzvenga Ryazan bortnyh kusiya ... guta idzva Voronezh". Around imwe nguva, kuvakwa wakakombwa kunotanga ikoko. Management yaro kuvakwa akapiwa kuna First Voronezh gavhuna Semenu Saburovu. Kuvaka guta idzva akatuma vanhuwo zvavo kuti Pereslavl Ryazan, dunk, Ryazhsk navavezi, uta uye vamwe varume zvechiuto.

Muzana remakore rechi16

Muna 1590 Voronezh (nhoroondo yeguta muzvirevo remakore, anozivikanwa zvakatoipa) rakaparadzwa Kanev Circassians. Chikonzero chake nokukurumidza kupora kare funga kuti guta rakanga riri Neine Basa Chaizvo nevezvokutengeserana ari confluence pamusoro penzizi Voronezh uye Don. Hazvina chikonzero ichi semupi pakuzadzisa muguta.

Pakati pezana remakore rechi16, kutenga nokutengesa Voronezh vava yakakura, asi nokukurumidza kumaodzanyemba Russia Ostrogozhsk Circassians vakatanga kuvaka maguta itsva, anomupa kodzero pamusoro vakasununguka wezvokutengeserana uye shredding. ropafadzo dzakadaro Voronezh aizorega, saka kubudirira kwayo zveupfumi aiva pasi nengozi.

Zviitiko mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi17

Voronezh Ages upfumi vasanyanya uye zviitiko Panguva Troubles. Chokwadi chokuti nzara anokonzerwa murombo kukohwa zviyo nechepakati dziri Muscovite mamiriro, akamanikidza vagari kutizira kumaodzanyemba. Somugumisiro, muna Voronezh vaiva zviuru anoverengeka vanhu pekugara uye pasina nzira subsistence. Izvi zvakaita kuti kwezvokudya muguta, "wokupedzisira mashanga panzvimbo mukombe murefu" raiva vanonzi chegumi basa, vaiuya Boris Godunov. Somugumisiro, vagari vachitsigirwa Venhema Dmitry I, uye ipapo akaramba kuteerera Shumsky. Papera nguva, muna 1610, Voronezh akatora Venhema Dmitry II, uyo akanga achigadzirira muna Voronezh pokugara, nekunhonga zvokudya uye nezvombo. Zvisinei, kushandisa pavo, iye asingagoni, nokuti akanga auraya musi 22 December.

Pamberi Nguva Peter Mukuru

Nhau dzairamba muguta (Voronezh, gore nheyo - 1585) kwakaratidzwa vakawanda yokumukira. Saka, muna 1648, vanhu vomuguta akaedza remuSamoa kubvisa simba vehurumende ose Basil tsvina uye mumakore 1670-1671 vave achishingaira muzvirongwa Varimi 'War, rinotungamirirwa Stepan Razin. Izvi akwanise ndechokuti muguta airarama mutungamiri sekuru. Zvisinei, dzemo vatongi kugona kudzivirira pakamukirwa muguta, uye pakupedzisira kuzomisa kumukira kunhivi Voronezh akakwanisa tsarist mauto akasvika vachitungamirirwa magavhuna G. Romanovsky.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi17

Population nhamba uye nhoroondo guta Voronezh akatonyanya kana zvishoma zvakarurama yakawana uye rakanyorwa yechipiri yezana remakore rechi17. Zvikurukuru, zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1677 kwaiva vanamabharani anopfuura 300, vanhu vomuguta uye murimi mudiki navedzimba machechi 15, izvo 3 yemamongi.

Muna 1682 iye akaumba Voronezh diocese, rokutanga rakanga musoro Bishop Mitrofan. Uyezve, zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1683 nhamba yakanga 1099 Voronezh hondo remasoja, iyo 580 vaibva muguta uye kubva yakapoteredza misha.

Apo Peter Mukuru

Mumakore 1696-1725 Voronezh vakabata nyika kurudyi rwomupata chete rwizi munzvimbo ano Admiralty Square. Mumakore 1696-1722 Peter wakashanyira guta apedzera dzinokwana mazuva anopfuura 500. Munguva iyi nguva rakava Voronezh chaizvoizvo guta guru reRussia wehurumende. Zvikurukuru, ikoko ndiko akanga nemasaini 1699 chinokosha chibvumirano kwomubatanidzwa pamwe Denmark.

Kazhinji, nhoroondo muguta Voronezh, zvaizova zvakasiyana kana akanga asiri Peter, uyo akasarudza kutanga kuvakwa nezvikepe ikoko. Rakanga avakirwa chiito muna Black uye Azov makungwa pamusoro Turkey. Basa rakanga akawanda zvikuru zvokuti shipyards aiva maguta itsva - Pavlovsk uye muchiso. Dzinokwana idzo dzinenge 200 ngarava uye ngarava mnogopushechnyh dzakavakwa. Navy, rakavakwa Voronezh, Russia akabatsira mukudzidzire Azov - simba Turkish nenhare, riri pasuo confluence of Don kusvikira kuGungwa Azov.

Muna 1711 veguta pavakafumomuka mamiriro enyika, uye akava muzinda zvikuru kwazvo panyaya munharaunda Azov province. Makore 14 gare gare, akanga Zvisinei zita muna Voronezh,, muna 1779 iri kosi administrative zvinhu kukura aro kuchiita unopinza kuderera.

Muhafu yokutanga yezana remakore rechi19

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 mune Voronezh akazarura pakutanga zvikoro mukuru uye zvikoro paruzhinji, uye kubvira 1802 kuchitanga basa rayo rokutanga nyanzvi yemitambo. An chiitiko kunakidza aizivikanwa uye muna 1804, apo chomwenje chiedza wakatangwa mumigwagwa mikuru 9. upenyu dzinerunyarararo Voronezh chibharo Napoleon kuti nechisimba. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pahondo 1812 guta pashure pamberi 10 National varwi regiments.

Dzinoitwa Kuyeukwa yokutanga yezana remakore rechi19 uye akaramba achishandisa zvishamiso chokuita isingaori zvisaririra St. Mitrofan, iyo inotaura nhoroondo guta (Voronezh). Chikonzero kutenda Metropolitan mutsvene akanga hwake, asi yakanga iri 1830 muna Voronezh akauya akawandisa vatendi vanoda kukumbira kureverera kwake. Mutsika vakawanda vatendi uye zvakasimbisa kuti kukura ane chirwere chekorera.

Zuva nezuva kubva chirwere akafa vanhu 300-400. Nokuedza naGavhuna Begichev korera akanga akakundwa, uye muna Voronezh kuvaka chipatara chaiye panhoo 200.

Nhoroondo yeguta (Voronezh hunonyatsodonongodza kunogona refu kwazvo) rinotaura uye kuuya ikoko yaKesari Nicholas Wokutanga. The mambo vaimushanyira kuti chikamu yokutanga mhemberero pakati zvisaririra St. Mitrofan.

Voronezh kuna Revolution 1905

Muna 1863, kuti vaverengwe chaiitirwa. Nhoroondo guta Voronezh, pfupiso iyo kubva pakutanga kwayo, uye kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechi19, munoziva, chiitiko ichi chinopa zvinotevera mashoko: zvachose 38672 vanhu vakanyorwa, kureva nhamba vagari veguta iri rakava rechi12 muRussia ...

Mumakore 1860-1870 kuburikidza nharaunda iri Voronezh dunhu rwakagadzirira Railways. Good senga Accessibility kwaita nokusvika huru maindasitiri emakambani, uye nokushanda bhiza njanji chakatangwa muna 1881.

Pausiku remakore idzva, kuti vanhu Voronezh, maererano vaverengwe, aiva 84 100 vanhu. Nharaunda mumadhorobha dzinowanzotsigi- riri kurudyi rwomupata chete rwizi uye adjoins 5 yawo.

In yose, guta akanga dzimba pamusoro 5500, izvo zvinopfuura hafu vaiva ibwe.

Panguva echimurenga zviitiko uye Civil War

In kuwa 1905 muna Voronezh akatanga rioting yakaguma chernosotenskim pogrom. Mugore iroro maiva kupanduka ari nechirango rechiuto vamire ipapo, izvo nokukurumidza yakanga woutsinye. Gare gare, muna December 1905, guta vakapfuura enyika ranwa.

No zvishoma pezviitiko zvinovhiringidza zvakatanga kuitika muna Voronezh ava aiziva pakuputsa ari dikidiki Hurumende Petrograd. Zvikurukuru, kare October 30, 1917 (Old Style), simba Soviet rakavambwa ikoko. Uyezve, guta Voronezh (nhoroondo pfupi remakore rechi20 anomiririrwa pamusoro) raiva rimwe remaguta yokutanga iyo yakaumbwa chaiyo kukupfura of Red Army.

Mumakore pre-hondo

Rokutanga yemakore mashanu kuchiratidzwa Voronezh-pamwero anoshandira kuvandudzika uye mazuvaano weguta ayo utilities. Pamwe izvi, muna 1926 Voronezh takava kure runhare basa, uyewo akazarura chitima. Around imwe nguva, guta apo, maererano nemashoko vakawana somugumisiro okuverengwa, vagari vanhu 120,000, razova muzinda Central Black Earth nharaunda, uye ipapo dzakavakwa uye anoita mashoma guru maindasitiri mabhizimisi.

Izvi zvakakonzera kudirana Voronezh pabasa simba kubva yakapoteredza misha, saka kuti muna 1939 nhamba vagari vakapfuura 362,000.

makore hondo

Sezvo ari kurwa Napoleon, Voronezh somunhu akakwira kundorwa Fascism. Nechekare muna September 1941 akaenda kumberi Volunteer chemazana chehondo, rwakazokura chikamu rechi100 Infantry Division. Zvadaro, inotungamirwa ichi mauto akanga paakavapa musoro Guards, ndokuguma hondo, Anunura yeAustria guru Vienna muchirimo 1945. Asi asati kuti, guta nevagari varo vaiva pangozi huru, kubva kuwa vaNazi akakwanisa kuuya pedyo kumasvingo Voronezh. Chiitiko ichi havana kutyora kutsunga kudzivirira vagari pamba duku. Uchapupu ichi chaiva kwakawanda pamusoro mukuru pachivara November 7, 1941, rakaitirwa nhungamiro prices.

Kana hurukuro pamusoro Voronezh, nhoroondo muguta vana kazhinji haitauri pamusoro zvinotyisa atsungirira kubudikidza vagari pashure pamahombekombe mumatunhu rakazvipira nevaNazi. Panguva iyoyowo, mauto eSoviet haana kurega kuedza gurunurai muvengi. Kuburikidza ravo, January 25, 1943 Voronezh akasunungurwa.

Zvakazozivikanwa kuti kuparadzwa vanenge 92% of zvachose redzimba kudanda, uyewo zvinenge zvose zvivako zvinoshandiswa nevoruzhinji. Kunyange zvazvo munhu kupora muna Voronezh vakatanga pakarepo mushure kusunungurwa, kusvikira 1950 chiso guta chete akakwanisa kubvisa mavanga akagamuchira mukurwa.

Recent nhoroondo

Kusvikira kugadzirisa guta rinenge rose gore kuvhura maindasitiri ose itsva, kusanganisira mukuru Tech, zvakagadzirirwa kushumira Aerospace indasitiri.

Voronezh (nhoroondo zita reguta aunotoziva) akaita kuwedzerwa zvinooneka munyika 60s uye 70s. Mugumisiro yaiva nharaunda zvakanaka-akagadzwa. Papera chinguva, muna 1972, kwakaguma pakusikwa ari Voronezh Reservoir. It rava kufarira kuzororo kuti veguta. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo vave akarasika zvinokwezva zvikuru Voronezh - Admiralty pakuvaka Peter Mukuru, temberi zvakasara kuparara uye Admiralty Church.

The stalemate muguta rakanga 90, asi nhasi vakawanda matambudziko kwakakurirwa.

Description muguta nhasi

Sezvo kutanga kwemireniyumu itsva, Voronezh (nhoroondo yeguta kunooneka mazita mumigwagwa izere zvakakwana) akatanga kamwe zvakare kuti kushingaira akavaka. Zvikurukuru, ipapo rakaumbwa ano yezvitoro uye dzemabhizimisi. Mumakore achangopfuura, akadzorerwa uye modernized nezvifambiso zvinosvika kweguta. Vazhinji cinémas itsva, mumaresitorendi uye cafes, uyewo mamwe varaidzo yokuitira, izvo zvinogona vanoronga zvavo nguva yokuzorora vakuru nevana.

Modern Voronezh iguta vadzidzi, sezvo muzvikoro 36 pane ndehwechokwadi. Zvezvisarudzo yakakurumbira vavo - State University uye Medical Academy. Burdenko. Mavari, asi vagari Russian Federation, ane vanenge zviuru 1.5 vatorwa vadzidzi, vazhinji vacho vari vanogara kune dzimwe nyika.

Voronezh nokushingaira kuitwa akavandudzika. Zvikurukuru mune dzakawanda makubhiti uye mumapaki, vana playground, Wakanaka ruva mibhedha uye ruva mibhedha, uye kunyange kupfuura kure mumatunhu rakarongeka chiedza manheru, izvo kwemakore akawanda kwainzi chinhu aripo sokuti asingagadzirisiki dambudziko.

Nhoroondo mukuru masangano rokudzidzisa muguta Voronezh

Muna 1703 chikoro yakavhurwa Voronezh. Rakanga wokutanga munhoroondo guta urongwa edzidzo munzvimbo yakagadzirirwa kudzidzisa vakuru rezasi pamisara. Vadzidzi chikoro, iyo vakasarudzwa pakati dragoons, akagamuchira kubva guru rokutanga arufabheti akagadzirwa, zvikabatsira uye svomhu. Hwaro tsika edzidzo kwavaigona kudzidza chete vakomana uye majaya vane FM Apraksin. Pakutanga, paiva vadzidzi 90 uye kusimbisa yakaiswa zvikurukuru pamusoro ugone zvinokosha svomhu.

chikoro rokutanga Voronezh iri kwokutanga matanho aigona kupa jaya Russian nezvikepe uye shipyards saka kwakakodzera mumazuva iwayo, nyanzvi nomazvo mumunda engineering, ndokuburukira munhau somumwe zvisikwa Peter Mukuru.

Zvino imi munoziva nhoroondo muguta Voronezh. Nokuti vana Pfupiso yaMakoronike munharaunda zvinofadza kufungidzira zvikuru nyore. Pashure pezvose, dzine anotaura nezvezviitiko chokuita pakusikwa wokuRussia nezvikepe uye umhare kutamburira kuti vagari Voronezh panguva Great Patriotic War.