Chii ngoro yehondo, sezvazvakanyorwa akaronga? sei ngoro vekare? Ngoro - a ...

Nengoro dzekare vaiva zvikuru mumunda rokurwa. Kazhinji kupikiswa akakunda nayo hondo, iro raiva nemotokari izvozvo. KuMiddle East uye ngoro Mediterranean kushandiswa kusvikira 500 BC. e. Pakazosvika mavambo enguva itsva, havana akanyangarika muWestern Europe. Chakarebesa ngoro yaiva China uye Southeast Asia, apo vakaramba nevakawanda kusvikira mukupera Middle Ages.

The kukosha kwengoro

Panguva hondo, ngoro airidza chete basa, kuti akanga ari Matangi mune ramangwana. Vaifanira kuita nezvokudya zviri panhengo nomuvengi. Zviri kuburikidza ngoro dzakapasanura napakati rizere panhengo nomuvengi. Nengoro nevemapfumo, uta kana pfumo throwers. Vakaparadza yomuvengi manpower.

Kufanana vamabhiza, nengoro nehana uye kutya vasina kugadzirira kudaro nhaurwa inifanduri. Kazhinji achifamba nevarwi akatiza nokutya kubva ngoro, pasina akamirira kusvika murufu.

Ngoro - asiwo chinokosha chokukomborerwa mumagariro stratification. Zvavainazvo chete ropafadzo vagari venyika. Kuti simuka kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu nzvimbo pamusoro Gig, zvakanga zvakafanira kuti kushanda nesimba. Mukuwedzera, ngoro - iri tide zvakanaka kukura bhiza maberekero neimwe ezvinhu.

Ngoro kuMiddle East

Vanotsvakurudza dzinobvumirana kuti Gig kunonyanyisa kunyatsoshanda yakasvika kuMiddle East. Vauya pano nemhaka kupinda kudunhu marudzi Indian uye boka Iranian mutauro.

Muna III Millennium BC vaiva nengoro eSiriya uye Mesopotamian. Vari kusiyaniswa hwokufananidzira rectangular chimiro ane elongated papuratifomu. upamhi yavo inenge hafu kureba. Kubva pano vari muIjipiti yekare, apo vakanga kunyanya dzakakurumbira.

Battle reMegidho

Panyaya iyi, zvakakosha kutaura hondo waMegidho. Uku kwaiva rakanyorwawo hondo munhau yevanhu. Yakaitika 1468 BC. Muvengi yaiva Farao muIjipiti Thutmose III uye madzimambo muKenani. Chii ngoro yehondo apo? Izvi vepamusoro chairema mauto. Farao pachake akananga mbiru Gig. Iye akaposha museve panguva vaSiria uye namaParistina, iyo pakupedzisira akatambura unorema kukundwa.

Miseve kunge chinokosha muEgipita kukupfura. Apo Thutmose chavainacho zvikuru uta, iyo panguva iyoyo aigona kubudisa vanhu. Vari ne mukuru zvakarurama uye kufamba. Impact dzavo hadzina kumira hapana chiedza nadzo. ngoro Ancient kubvumira vouta tower pamusoro inifanduri uye kutsvaka zvinangwa zvakakodzera.

The Battle paKadheshi

Yaiva yendarama makore ngoro. Kushandiswa kupfuura muhombe nengoro dzakanga dzakanyorwa Hondo paKadheshi. It airwisana ehondo aFarao dzaRamses II uye muHiti mambo Muvatalli II. Hondo kwakaitika XIII remakore BC.

Muhondo maviri mumagakava mari inoshandiswa inenge 7000 ngoro. Yakatanga yokuti navaHiti pakarepo akarwisa muIjipiti kwomusasa, zvakasara ave kumbodzivirirwa zvaro nokuda muvengi anofambisa. Nechekare kurwisa uku mazana nengoro akashandiswa. VaHiti vakakwanisa kukunda pane mangwanani Danho ichi.

Zvisinei, chikuru Egyptian hondo vachitungamirirwa naFarao aiva makiromita mashoma kubva mumusasa. hondo iyi kwakaita muna yemabhuku kurwisa. VaEgipita vaivawo ngoro wakakusha chinotyisa pakati inifanduri. VaHiti vasina nevemapfumo kukurira izvi mhando mauto. Zvisinei, mune hondo yavo inifanduri aiva esimbi dzokurwa. akanga simbi iyi muchiuto uye mamiriro zvakavanzika. VaEgipita havana kuziva sei kuti tsvina nayo. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi kwaiva kurwisana Bronze Age wokupedzisira.

Hondo haana kuzarura Kumukundi. Number nengoro kumativi ose dzaiva pamusoro kuenzana, izvo zvakazoita kuti parity. Somugumisiro, vaIjipiti, navaHeti dzakabvumirana kusaina runyararo chibvumirano. Panguva iyoyowo, neimwe nyika samba kukunda pachayo. Asi zviri pano kuti akanga akamira pedyo reIjipiti nechisimba kuMiddle East. Izvi vakabatsira zvikuru ngoro muHiti.

Kukura pakufamba uye kuderera vengoro

Panoperera mumireniyamu yechipiri BC, akatanga kuderera vengoro. Akanga chokuita chokwadi kuti munhu Inoziva bhiza mabhiza. Pakutanga haina kubvisa Gig. Zvisinei, zveupfumi ane vamabhiza kwaiva isingadhuri zvikuru kupfuura ngoro. Saka nengoro nguva vakatanga inonyangarika muchiuto nemhaka yaro inefficiency. Expensiveness kwakakonzerwa ne kudiwa kusika zvakasiyana michina.

Sei ngoro? Nokuti anonyanya zvakakodzera harnessing. Kuti vakanga kudhura kushandiswa kwakapararira. Kunyanya furidza simba waiva anongofamba zvakatipoteredza. Panguva iyoyowo, muenzaniso China yekare. Panguva hondo mumupata Yellow River zviuru zvitanhatu inifanduri akanga chete anenge mazana maviri zapryazhek.

Socio-zvoupfumi zvikonzero kuramba kwengoro

Kushandiswa zvingoro achiri wasunungurwa rechiuto pfungwa maonero. Zvisinei, kuti knockout nokurova pamusoro pavo akasvika mushure hwanyangarika evanhu stratum vanhu vakanga vakadzidza kuti vave varidzi vengoro.

Chinosanganisira anoziva. Munzanga dzakawanda ngoro akanga kunyange zvinoreva chitsvene sechiratidzo nesimba. Hazvishamisi kuti eRoma pashure kukunda zvinokosha Hunokunda boka guru kuti Gig. With veMubatanidzwa pakubhadhara itsva simbi, uyewo mamwe marudzi mauto, ngoro akauya pasina. It yakabudirira chakatsiva vamabhiza.

Weighted harnessing Asiria

Marudzi mazhinji makasika shanduro iyi mhando wamapoka dzavo. Somuenzaniso, vaAsiriya vakatanga kushandisa itsva kuvhunduka harnessing. In nengoro dzakadaro vaiva 4 mabhiza chete nhamba nemasoja. Mumwe wavo ari hazvo vakatakura nhoo kudzivirira vashandi kubva kuvavakidzani nevemapfumo kurwisa. Kwakadaro pakupedzisira "weighting" kujairwa mamwe anoti.

Ngoro China

Chii ngoro kuti Chinese? budiriro Eastern akatanga kurishandisa kuzvidzivirira zvinangwa (asi kwete kuipa, sezvo yaiva tsika mune dzimwe nzanga). Nokuti boka iri kubva ngoro 5-7 yabuda mu pezvakaita neshongwe, iyo akapoteredzwa batana inifanduri. Kana kurwisa muvengi kuzvidzivirira redoubts dzakadaro vachiridzira kusvika vavengi. Uyewo kumabvazuva wakaratidza chimwe. Pane uta kubenzi rakashandiswa pano.

Zvisinei lightweight strollers dzichiri kushandiswa mune kurwisa pazuva zvinobhururuka muvengi mutsetse. Kana ngoro inorema dzaibudirira azvidzivirire, foni uye nokutsanya duku s nokukurumidza vachikomba mudzivisi.

Kushandiswa ngoro mu China akanga kwakabatana munharaunda inowanzorimwa. Zviri kwavari Han vakagamuchira mabhiza yokutanga iyo, panzira, kwenguva refu kuchinjira ezvinhu matsva oupenyu. Varidzi ngoro dzaiva nemauto vepamusoro Chinese zvemisoro. Ose yeko duku yaiva pamusoro 200-300 ngoro muhondo.

Nokufamba kwenguva, ngoro zvishoma yakawedzera kukura. Achikura uye dzavo rikarira. Parallel iyi, nhamba muchipo inifanduri kunoderedza (kubvira 80 kusvika 10). Izvi zvaireva kuti hondo pakati pemauto ikava chihombe kudhumhana ngoro. In hondo idzi inifanduri basa akazova uye vasingakoshi zvikuru. ukama kwakadaro rakafanana mamiriro ezvinhu apo mu Ages Europe, akava hwaro mauto veboka ravarwi Knights nezvombo.

inowanzorimwa

Nokuti inowanzorimwa ngoro akava nani, izvo akabvumira tyisa marudzi mazhinji kuti varonge mabhanan'ana vachirwisa vari mundima huru. Kubva Mediterranean kusvika Pacific nechisimba chakaita kuti kuderera ari ndakagara mutsika. Ngoro kubvumira muArabhu kuti mukana muhondo.

Vaiva munyika kupfuura tichitsungirira uye simba mabhiza. Animals kufura yepamusoro zvokudya uye Prairie rekushongedzesa, akava akaoma simba, kusanganisira joko nengoro.

Zvikurukuru simba akarova dzakawira Chinese vaigara mumipata Mesopotamia. zviuru Vakawanda rakaramba riripo pakati varidzi uye muArabhu. In pamberi ngoro yake aiva mumwe anokosha nehwamanda nemakadhi.

Vachazvirova vagere steppes vakauya kunyange Ijipiti yekare. Zvisinei, vanhu yebudiriro ichi chikuru zvikuru wakakomborerwa kupfuura Chinese. Vakanga kure inowanzorimwa kumatunhu. Mukuwedzera, vakakwanisa zvinobudirira kudzidza unyanzvi pacharwo ngoro anongofamba.

inifanduri nzira

Kwemazana emakore anoverengeka nengoro inifanduri vakakwanisa kuva akawanda unyanzvi pamusoro kwakadai mupikisi. Chimwe ndicho chaiva nzira umo ngoro vakapfuura kusvikira shure, apo ndokuvhungwa uye akava nyore nyika varwi.

Romans munguva Yuliya Tsezarya akakwanisa apikise nani scythed ngoro. Ndiri kutanga kushandisa inifanduri skirmishing, sezvamakaropafadzwa munowanika maturo. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, vaRoma yakahwina hondo vekwaSeleucus, mauto ravanofanira chinokosha nzvimbo zvingoro.

MuGreece uye Roma

MuGreece, ngoro kare yakatora kunyanya refu kusvikira Persian Wars ari IV remakore BC. e. Kushandiswa phalanges dzakadaro zvakafanira kuwedzera maneuverability weuto. Mukuwedzera, muGirisi yekare akachengetedzwa ngoro zvemitambo makwikwi. Panguva Olympic Games muwiricheya dzemabhiza akasangana voruzhinji chaiwo Kutarira.

Chii ngoro yehondo kuna Ancient Rome? Atinoitwa nayo munyika ino zvakafanana kuna Greek. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti nevaRoma kumbobvira vakaparadza hurongwa vakakunda vanhu. Mukupesana, kazhinji vakatora pamusoro zvakanakisisa zvose zviri mutsika uye nebudiriro vavakidzani.

Hazvishamisi kuti sezvo vaRoma vaiva nengoro yangu. Definition yawo muchinangwa hondo kwaibva chiitiko. Kunyanya yakawanda nengoro raiswa muna Punic Wars neCarthage.

The VaRoma akavakazve racetracks muchimhanya pangoro. Circus Maximus kukwanisa kusvika 150,000 vaoni. Yuliy Tsezar akavakazve nayo uye kuwedzerwa. Izvi zvinozoita zvinoreva kuti vaRoma vakaramba kushandisa ngoro pasi kusvikira BC. Zvinofadza kuti mukufamba kwezvinhu shanduka, vokuEurope vakatanga kushandisa kare nenhumbi sezvo nengoro kuti Mobile ballista.

Chii ngoro? Ndizvo chiratidzo kare. Pakazosvika nguva apo hweRoma akanga akapoteredzwa negungwa, ngoro akatanga inonyangarika kubva mauto. Vaiva sashanda pamusoro dzakawanda kuchamhembe vaGiriki. Asi zvekare zvingoro kuuya zvaizivikanwa Ages vamabhiza.

Scythed ngoro

Pakati okunatsiridza zhinji kunyanya Chinoshamisawo ngoro dzaiva nemajeko esimbi. First vakabva nevaAsiria. Izvi vagere kuMiddle East vakasarudza kuvandudza ngoro yekare. For mavhiri zvakabatanidzwa refu mapanga. Vakanga vakuvadzwa dzakawanda muvengi inifanduri, dzakanga dzichirikomberedza ngoro panguva hondo dzinotyisa. Si pfira kumutadzisa masoja avo achinzvenga navo uye avhunduka.

Gare gare, paiva nevamwe rwokugadzira mhinduro. Zvaiita sokunge ngoro ichi mhando? Nokuti drawbar zvingoro ava akawedzera kuti pfira, izvo akavabvumira pagondohwe muvengi vamabhiza mune frontal kudhumhana.

ngoro zvakanga zvakakurumbira Persia. Ivo mahanisi mabhiza mana. The vashandi kwaibatanidza 3 vanhu. Mumwe wavo aiva wengoro. vamwe vaviri vaiva varwi vaya razili muvengi.

Pfira akabatsira kuparadza hurongwa pakuvaka inifanduri. Kana hurongwa haasi zvakazara akaparadza, rine kweinenge kuti munhu pakakoromoka. Vakamhanyira varwi ushamwari vasina kubvumira muvengi kuvhara panhengo akakundwa. Ko ngoro yehondo mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro? Raiva rubatso kubudirira mune frontal kudhumhana wehondo.

Kusiyana zvatinosiita vamabhiza, mapepa mhotsi dzangu akabvumira chaizvoizvo kucheka panhengo nomuvengi. Against ichi nechekumashure, zvatinosiita masoja bhiza akaneta pamusoro Greek batana phalanx. Mukuwedzera, mukuru vamabhiza aiva hwomutambarakede saddles, Spurs uye zvimwe zvinobatsira zvinhu akazviratidza chete kuMiddle Ages. Saka, kusvikira nguva yedu, ngoro vakabudirira vaikwikwidzana naye vatasvi vakatasva mabhiza, pasinei hama kudhura.