Matchlock pfuti. Nhoroondo nepfuti

Panguva kwezana XIII uye XIV emakore, nyika hunakidze zvombo - paiva asingaoneki kusvikira vapfurwa ivhu iri arsenals wehondo European. Zvisinei, madota wavo hwaro, zvave refu risati yagadzirwa muna China, asi pane kushandiswa kwayo aihuitira hwemoto. VokuEurope vakaratidza zvakawanda zvinobatsira vanhu, uye nokukurumidza munda hondo yakatanga kuziviswa cannonade.

New uye zvisati zvombo

Nguva nepfuti mukugadzira ari kanoni wokutanga. Pasinei zvavo chinyakare uye kukwana, vakabva akasika zvinokosha uto zvinobatsira. Kana simba rokuparadza kwepfuti kwakanga pasi, mupfungwa mugumisiro fomu yavo yakakura. Enough kufungidzira kunge vainzwa pamberi vavengi yakajeka nokupenya pamwe zvinotyisa ngaritinhire uye mhute youtsi. Uye chinoumba prosvistevshee mudenga uye akatyora rusvingo nhare, haana kuwedzera tariro.

Yaiva imwe nguva magadzirirwo pfungwa armourers yekare asati chakavaita kuti asike pahwaro kura uye zveufende atirari kuti Bhaibheri ravo duku. zvakagadzirwa ichi akabvumira mauto abate pfuti muruoko rwake, uye kuramba mufambo zvakakwana uye achirova muvengi nechokure. Saizvozvo akazviratidza yokutanga matchlock pfuti.

The mudziyo ndiyo tanga mienzaniso zvidiki

Technical mudziyo, zviri nowenyika tateguru kwayo - pfuti. Panzira, kunyange mazita vakanga zvakafanana. Somuenzaniso, gunsmiths Western European pave kunzi bombardelly - shanduro maduku bombards muRussia vakaparadzira ruchnitsy, kushandiswa vaipfura nayo. The mimwe zvombo izvi wokutanga resimbi chubhu anenge ane mita pakureba uye kukwira kusvikira mana masendimita paukobvu. Mumwe kuguma kwayo akaita mikukutu, vane akachera buri pamusoro kuvesa.

chubhu Izvi inenge yakazara kuti bhokisi yematanda, vakasungira kwachiri nezvindori zvesimbi. Dare pfuti tomu. It wakadururwa kuti vanonetseka upfu, iyo iripo vachishandisa wad. Zvadaro Upfu hwakanga akasunda bara. In mangwanani mienzaniso basa rayo nemazvo matombo maduku rakakodzera dhayamita. Pashure paizvozvo, pfuti akanga agadzirira kurwa. Ndaigona chete nacho kune chinopfurwa auye nayo incandescent kuvesa buri pamusoro pachaenga simbi netsvimbo.

Technical zvakawanikwa gunsmiths

Sezvo zvidiki akapinda kushandiswa, nguva dzose kuvandudzika. Somuenzaniso, imwe matchlock pfuti XV remakore akanga kuvesa buri kurudyi, uye pasherefu chaiwo akamisa pedyo nayo, apo rakadzikwa mbeu upfu. zvakagadzirwa ichi aiva mukana: kuunza chibani kuti pasherefu (mu iyi - the incandescent tsvimbo), kuti shooter haana kudzikatidzwa chinangwa, sezvo asati. Nokuda nyore kunatsiridza akadaro aigona yekudyidzana kuwedzera rakarurama kupfura.

Zvinotevera kuchinja, izvo kwave kuchiita matchlock pfuti, aiva nechitarisiko munhu inoshandisa dzidziso muvharo inodzivirira pasherefu nembeu upfu kubva unyoro uye kugara mhepo. Uye ariko waishandiswa budiriro kuvamba anogona kutaurwa linseed unopfungaira chakatsiva tsvuku-inopisa simbi netsvimbo. Kupatsanurwa nitrate kana waini nedoro, izvozvo smoldered kwenguva refu uye zvakakwana anozadzisa dzayo basa, ichipfuta fiyuzi.

Nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa chikungiso

Asi yekare matchlock pfuti akaramba kuva zvakanaka. Dambudziko raiva kuti bara aifanira kuunza ruoko pasherefu nembeu upfu, nokuti chii kazhinji vanorovha kubudikidza vachiridzira. Zvisinei, gunsmiths kunge akagadzirisa dambudziko iri. Ivo akachera gomba mubhokisi emapuranga, uye yakanga vakayambuka resimbi bhendi ari muchimiro tsamba S, ari movably vakasungirira mukati.

Kuti yokumusoro kuguma kwayo kunoitwa zvisina echiShinto, vakasungirira nomwenje unopfungaira, uye rezasi chikamu ane rakafanana sezvo ano rukungiso pachipfuva diki. Akamukurudzira munwe wake yokumusoro chikamu zii, iyo fiyuzi dzakaparira ari gunpowder, uye vakatevera bara. zvakagadzirwa ichi vakaponeswa vapfuri kubva kudikanwa pedyo kusango muchaenga.

Pakupera ari XV remakore matchlock muzzleloader yakanga yakagadzirirwa aine mudziyo unokosha, zvakatonyanya anovandudza kunyatsoshanda ari kupfura. Rakanga wokutanga matchlock, pfuti kumumvuri kuti kuvharwa ramangwana. Papera nguva zvakanzi vakapakata rwokudzivirira nhoo Ziso shooter panguva nokutambudzika kuvesa pakati gunpowder. zvakagadzirwa Izvi zvakanga maitiro kuti pagadzirwe vatenzi weEngland.

Kucheka emiti uye butts kuvandudzwa

Mune manonwe zviri XVI remakore chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kuvandudzika zvidiki zvave chidzoke yokutanga dzichapambwa emiti. Vakanga yakagadzirwa gunsmiths kubva muNuremberg, uye kubudirira zvakagadzirwa zvakadai pakarepo akava pachena sezvo dzichapambwa matchlock pfuti akabvumira kuti varove kunangwa rukuru zvakarurama.

Kuchinja ndavhiyiwa panguva ino, uye garo. Asati ava zvakanaka, uye vachiridzira akanga akazorora pamusoro mubhokisi, izvo zvakakonzera akanyanyisa kuzvuzvungudza. vatenzi French akamupa curved chimiro, izvo zvakapa vatungamirire hazviiti simba harisi chete shure, sezvo asati, asi mudenga. Uyezve, ichi kunogona garo hunogara pamusoro pamafudzi. Hazvina zvakagadzirwa ichi yazova chaiwo uye akaramba broadly kusvikira nhasi.

The kwaita matchlock muskets

By kuguma nepfuti ruoko-akabata XVI remakore pakupedzisira zvaida chimiro sezvo yakazvimirira mhando, avo kusiya zvachose by design, kubva matambudziko ake atirari. Panguva iyi, mhami pasuo muchiuto duramazwi mazita akadai nembato musket arquebus, musket, uye zvichingodaro. Magadzirirwo Pfungwa gunsmiths makore iwayo chamuita kuti zvakawanda kuvandudzika.

Somuenzaniso, inozivikanwa musket akazviratidza pashure pfungwa akaberekwa kuisa rinorema matchlock pfuti ari mutsigiri inonzi podsoshkom. Zvinoita sokuti nyore kuvamba zvakakwana, asi zviri pakarepo zvichibvira kuvandudza kururama uye siyana, kuwedzera caliber pamusoro mudende uye kusika murwi Extras. Museum zvombo muAtlantic ari nezvavaitsanangura of Hermitage, ane akapfuma wemabhuku mimwe zvidiki iyoyo.

Payakaipira tambo zvombo

Asi kuedza zvose kuvandudza, zvishoma mberi imwe musket pfuti matchlock rechi15. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, usati kuti bara, zvaidiwa, ikafamba pamusoro garo muvhu, kuti nehope mairi ine zvakakwana kwazvo upfu. Zvadaro, kushandisa wad uye ramrod, kwazvo muzvisimbise udonhedze kupinda bara. Zvadaro dira pasherefu mbeu upfu, ugopfiga muvharo uye pinza nomwenje unopfungaira. Zvadaro kufukidza uye anovhurazve chete pashure kare kutora chinangwa. Kuedza akaratidza kuti ichi yose muitiro zvinotora maminitsi zviviri, vari kurwa ezvinhu kwazvo. Asi kunyange izvi zvombo nyika kukwana, kuva moto, hazvina unopfuura achinja nzira kuti mufambiro hondo.

Kubudirira zvombo Russian

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muskets, yakaitwa Russia muna XVII remakore uye chaishandiswa muhondo, pamwe Dutch, hakuna nzira muduku ekupedzisira kuti yaakarwa unhu, uye munhu ivhu vakanga yekudyidzana vakuru kwavari. Munguva iyi hondo Russian dzinongoita kushandurwa nokuda kuitwa zvinhu zviri mairi, nokuda zvinodiwa nhoroondo uye enyika ezvinhu makore iwayo. Kudzivirira hurumende tisanzwa kuedza yaiparadza maererano Western vavakidzani mazuvaano wehondo paidiwa, uye imwe yenhengo dzayo kwave kuvandudzika zvombo, kusanganisira pfuti.

rubatsiro German kuti kupfura munhu musket

Kushandisa michina muskets nguva zvinoratidzwa zvakanaka rakabudiswa muna 1608 mu Germany, chaiyo shanduro iri kudzidzisa chishandiswa infantrymen. Zvinonzi zvikuru nezvakaitika sokunyorwa Artist Yakova Van Gein, rinoratidza nzira vachizvitakudza nepfuti uye chibooreso nzira kurapwa. Uyezve, vanodhirowa kubvumira muverengi ano kunzwisisa sei kutarisira zvizere kurwa giya miseve.

Zvakajeka zvinoonekwa pamusoro rinodhindira ainzi Bandelier - mabhandi, zvaipfekwa pamusoro pamafudzi kuruboshwe kuti ayo akabatana gumi kusvika gumi matehwe midziyo uye mumwe ane chete mutariri gunpowder. Uyezve, bhanhire murwi aiva chinu pamwe rakaoma vanonetseka mbeu upfu. Mukwanisi kuti hembe homwe pamwe pyzhami uye nemabara. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti chinyorwa ichi nhasi iri rinokosha, uye isingawanzowanikwi miziyamu zvombo ane payo nezvavaitsanangura dzavo.