Jacobin udzvinyiriri

Muzhizha 1793, yeFrench Revolution akapinda soro Danho kwayo. Vakauya simba kwazvo kukuru mutemo, bhodhi iro vakaburuka munhau sezvo Jacobin udzvinyiriri. Ivo rwakatora chete pagore, asi munguva ino vakakwanisa kuita zvakawanda.

The kuuya simba uye pakurwisa yokufungidzira

May 31 muParis kumukira akaputsa murombo. Rakanga rinotungamirirwa vamiririri kupfuura kukuru mapoka enyika ari Convention - iri Jacobins. Vakanga rinotsigirwa dzomumaguta uye kumaruwa varombo, vamiririri dzenhando bourgeoisie. Pakuvaka paramende French yakadzurwa pfuti hombe, kuti zvinotyisa kuti vevatariri vakasarudza pamusoro kusungwa of Girondins musi June 2 - enyika Vanopikisa Jacobins. Sezvo nyika akasimbisa kweutongi enyika matsva.

The Jacobins vangave vakasiya simba kwerinenge gore. Panguva iyi kuFrance, zhinji kuchinja zvakaitika. Mamiriro mukati nyika uye kunze kwakanga kwakadaro kuti zvaiita kuti chimurenga iri kuda kukurirwa. Army nyika dzokuEurope vaiva French miganhu: kuchamhembe - iri Austrians uye Prussians, kumaodzanyemba - vanhu vokuSpain, uye cruised nemhenderekedzo ari Chirungu rengarava. Mudunhu Vendée Vachiita murimi mudiki kumukira, rinotungamirirwa nevanokudzwa kuutapwa. mamiriro ezvinhu emari munyika hwaipa: yakawedzera zvokudya mitengo, fungidziro raibudirira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro zvaida pakatanga zvashata matanho, uye chechi yacho Jacobins pasi kufurirwa akaenda nokuti. Muna September, achifuridzirwa chezviyo kuperevedza, Wakapfuurira mutemo pamusoro pakagadzwa kunonyanyisa mitengo nekuda inokosha hazvo. Nokuti kutyora rufu aivimba.

nadzurudzo of Jacobins

Muna October 1793 nayo nevamwe bumbiro French, waiva zvemberi panguva yayo. Iye akatanga yezvisikwa suffrage varume vaya chabudirira makore 21 okuberekwa, akapa mashoko kuenzana kodzero vaya kuvhota uye vaya akavhotera. Mutemo, vanhu zvemitemo muviri uye akapinda simba chete pashure tendero dzavo nevanhu. Asi chokwadi, bumbiro kweFrance muna 1793 uye haana vakatanga kushanda. Munguva yehondo, ivo Jacobins akatungamirira nyika achibatsirwa mitemo zvashata - mirayiro waiva simba mutemo. Dzakadaro Jacobin udzvinyiriri - ezvinhu hurumende umo Paramende vaiva padivi, asi simba chairo vaiva Executive miviri - makomiti.

The ikure pokuchinja rakanga miduku yokuruwa, saka hurumende itsva vasingaratidzi dzika shanduko mune agrarian zvekutepfenyura. Atova June 1793 zvaiita nyika dzave zvaitambidzwa vanhuwo zvavo, feudal mitoro yose yakapedza uye magwaro achipupura kuti kuparadzwa. Nyika vechigaro vakuru uye nevafundisi, zvakatorwa. Zvino vanhuwo zvavo vava varidzi izere munyika yavo. Uye kunyange kupfuura kuti Jacobin udzvinyiriri haana kuenda pamusoro agrarian mubvunzo, vamwe mitemo iyi kare akapa rubatsiro kune varimi vanoda kudzivirira pokuchinja nezvombo mumaoko avo.

Zvakawanda chakaitwa muchiuto. An mupurisa ndivo akazvisiyanisa panyaya, uye haana kuva chakanaka mavambo. Panzvimbo yakare mapurisa akabva vechidiki. Panguva iyoyo akatanga basa rake Napoleon Bonaparte, uyo akaratidza unyanzvi hwake hwokuronga vari kubatwa zviri Toulon. Jacobins akakwanisa vanomisa kupandukira muna Vendee. uye kwokunze vavengi vakanga vamutye. Muna June 1794, uto echimurenga akakunda Austrians pana Fleurus, wakati vakanochengeta muganhu French.

Kutya uye kuwa

Zvisinei, Jacobin udzvinyiriri racho migumisiro yakaipa. Mutungamiri Revolutionary Hurumende Maksimilian Robesper nevatsigiri vake havana kunyara mune zvinobudisa nhau, cracking walnut pasi vavengi vavo. Chinotyisa pamusoro Girondins uye vatsigiri poumambo chaiitirwa pemurairo. Muna September 1793 paiva nechirevo kuti akabvumira kusunga vose vanofungidzirwa vanhu. Asi chikuru kutsvaira anotyisa yakasvika muna June 1794, vava panguva iyoyo chirevo akatanga pfungwa itsva - iri "muvengi wavanhu", iro zvino wana upenyu hutsva muSoviet Union. A tsanangudzo ndiani anofanira kufungwa vavengi zvakajeka, gwaro haana kupa, asi vanogadzirisa kuti chirango - rufu. Zvekufamba ikava zvachose penga nekuti munhu mhosva yakanga yakakwana vatongi mutongo. About chero omurume magweta vasingagoni kunyange kufungidzira. Saka Jacobins wakatsamwisa sefungu kutyisa kuti akabata zviuru zvevanhu.

Misa kusungwa, zvinopesana netarisiro, vakuru havaridziviriri pavavengi, asi chete kunokurumidziswa pokuwa udzvinyiriri. Chinonyanya shoroma akaturikidzana, akazova mufumi munguva Revolution vakanga vasingagutsikane hurongwa hutsva, uye aibvumira navo chete kusvikira vapedza ngozi kupindira. Varombo, uyo kusvikira achangobva akatungamirira Jacobins kuti simba, akanga achigumburwa nokutyisa uye riri kusagutsikana kwavo mutemo hafu mikukutu - mitemo kwemitengo zvakasimba akambokanganiswa, nyika nechisimba kubva vavengi pokuchinja, uye kwete kuparadzirwa pakati varombo. Nokuguma of Jacobin udzvinyiriri yaiva kubvuta masimba July 27, 1794, apo vavengi vavo Convention mvumo chisarudzo rokusunga uye aurayiwe Robespierre nevatsigiri vake. Nokukurumidza yakanga raitwa, uye vakasvika simba vamiririri guru bourgeoisie.

Vakawanda zvinhu, ivo Jacobins vakanga aparadza, uye muna 1795, akauya simba idzva hurumende - dhairetori. In France, makasimbiswa mutsva hurumende enyika, tichiratidza zvinodiwa nevaya vakaita rombo ake panguva Revolution.