History of Political Ideas

Analysis hwemazuva uye chekare maonero kwakabva mutemo kunobatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani zviri muchikwata ichi. Zvinoita here kuti kupa zvinonyatsorehwa maumbirwo sayenzi iyi sezvo kuzvivako zviri anoranga anoverengeka.

Nhoroondo enyika pfungwa anodzokera zvokutanga nezvavanofunga pamusoro poukama mutongi wake pasi, pakati pehurumende uye munhu. Tsanga zvichiratidza akadaro anowanika kunyange akadhindwa ose China yekare, India uye East. Asi vanotsvakurudza vakawanda nhoroondo yechokwadi dzidziso enyika achiri rinotanga muuzivi Aristotle uye Plato.

Plato - yakakurumbira mboni Socrates, uye mudzidzisi akazotevera Aristotle. Aiva murume akadzidza zvikuru iyoyo, akasika chikoro wouzivi yake, akanyora nhamba mabasa. mupiro wake kukura sayenzi enyika ndiko kusika pfungwa ehurumende (kunyange utopian chimiro) rokutanga.

Plato naAristotle kuzvibatanidza hurumende mutemo, uye enyika bhora kusvikira nokure paruzhinji ukama. miganhu vanachandagwinyira akadaro nokuda underdevelopment Nzvimbo iyi, kushaya multi-webato hurongwa, ari nesarudzo muitiro, kuparadzana masimba , uye zvimwe zvinhu zvizhinji zviripo munyika nhasi. At mwoyo muenzaniso enyika naAristotle Plato raiva guta-polis. vagari varo kuita mabasa maviri panguva imwe chete: dziri mumaguta munzanga somunhu oga munhu uye ari kushingaira zvinobatanidzwa muupenyu paruzhinji, muupenyu paruzhinji. Politics haina pamuviri aparadzane hwetsika. Naizvozvo, nzira iyi vakaramba nesimba kweanenge zviviri zvamakore.

Nhau dzairamba dzidziso enyika chokuita iya nzeve kubva vazivi ukama mukati hurumende vaya pakati nehurumende uye nzanga. nyaya iyi chete zvakasiyana ayo akasiyana, kubvira muzana remakore vaiona mifananidzo yakaita Benedict Spinoza uye Dzhon Lokk, Hegel uye Karl Marx 17 kusvika 19. Locke Somuenzaniso, akatanga kunzwisisa mamiriro kwete sechinhu chehurumende, asi sezvo nzanga yevanhu, izvo zvakasikwa arayire munzanga kwaiva akaramba chaiyo.

Muzana remakore rechi18 nhoroondo kwedzidziso enyika vaisanganisa nepfungwa itsva, zvakauyiswa muzivi wokuFrance Charles Lui Monteske. Mubhuku rake "Mweya Mitemo", akataura kuti mamiriro ezvinhu kukura bhora iyi pesvedzero evanhu kwete chete, asiwo vasiri evanhu zvinhu (enzvimbo, wevanotungamirira, okunze uye nezvimwewo). Montesquieu akataura kuti kukura ndima sei mamiriro enyika siyana. Somuenzaniso, umambo inofanira riri pamusoro hombe nzvimbo nokuda umambo zvikuru paavhareji, asi zvokuvhoterwa kuchapedza yakareba pamusoro duku, zvikasadaro chingawa voga.

Nhoroondo enyika dzidziso 18-19 emakore kunoratidzwa kuchinja muchiratidzo nyaya pokuita muupenyu kwenzanga, miganhu basa ravo. Kana mukuru vatambi asati vaiva madzimambo namachinda, asi zvino, pasi pokudzora pfungwa Jean-Jacques Rousseau, munzanga upenyu uye raisanganisira mukanyiwa zvevanhuwo zvavo.

Munguva imwecheteyo muna Northern Europe uye mune dzimwe nyika dzomuEurope vokutanga mapato ezvematongerwo enyika, kutengeserana mibatanidzwa, nesarudzo gadziriro. Zviitiko zvose izvi ndakasika prerequisites kuti ano, mutsva (asi kwete zvakafanana) kusvika kunzwisisa maumbirwo kwenzanga.

Mumazuva okupedzisira emakore remakore rechi20 akatadza Marxist pfungwa, izvo zvinoderedza zvematongerwo enyika kuti zveupfumi kwendangariro. Asi tsika, paiva neimwe. Gore negore, kukura, mitemo iri kuramba nokubva zveupfumi zvinofarirwa, dzichiritsiva navo post-zvinhu zvigadziko kutandadzana. Paiva akasiyana kwaari pfuma, mitemo inoshanda uye kubudirira.

Anenge zvose kuitika yemashoko upenyu enyika kufungawo mutemo pfungwa Weber, chokwadi pamusoro Marxism. Iye aiona nzvimbo evanhu ukama hurumende, nekuti vose anoda neImba kana kutarisira, kana zvimwe muzvirongwa kwacho.