"Majdanek" Concentration. Yevasungwa yeNazi

The Second World War, asi sezvo wokutanga, kwakatungamirira kufa ravira. Zvisinei, kwete chete yakauraya varwi, navatariri, asi hapana vanhu vasina mhosva chete haana aenderane Aryan mhando pakuonekwa, nokuti kuchena ndiwo saka-vakarwa mudzvinyiriri German Adolf Gitler anodzvinyirira. Vanhu vazhinji vakafa mumisasa yevasungwa mumaoko utsinye kuuraya. Rimwe zvikuru mumisasa rinonzi "Majdanek" nezvazvo uye dzichakurukurwa.

hurongwa

Wevasungwa "Majdanek" yaiva Lublin kurimwe muPoland. Yakasvika zita rayo kubva Turkic shoko "nharaunda" (Independence). Kutaura zvazviri, kuvakwa mumisasa yakadaro yakatanga pakunamata pakati Hitler, uyo akapa murayiro Genrihu Gimmleru, mumwe mukuru vakuru Third Reich, kuti asimbise zvachose zvokuongorora pamusoro okumabvazuva mundima vatora Germany.

Pazuva iroro, July 17, 1941, Himmler akagadzwa mumwe Police Chiefs - Odilo Globocnik - basa kusika nemamiriro SS uye yevasungwa mu inogarwa Poland. Uyezve, Globocnik akanga basa haasaruri Germanization kwePoland. Central ichienda chikamu vakagaramo nharaunda yakanga yava musasa wevasungwa "Majdanek", riri kumucheto Lublin. Kuvaka zvakaoma yakanga kuitwa vasungwa pachavo.

Chirevo pamusoro kuvaka

The pamutemo chirevo pamusoro pakagadzwa kwomusasa chakapiwa July 20, 1941. Zuva iroro, Himmler akarayira Globocnik akazivisa pakushanya kwake kuna Lublin. Order anoti zvakakosha misasa, iro achakwanisa zvakumbirwa zvuru 25-50 vanhu, izvo, zvichaita kuva vakabatikana pakuvaka zvechechi nezvivako SS uye mapurisa eGermany. Kutaura zvazviri, kuvakwa zvakaoma akapiwa kuna Hans Kammler, uyo akabata mumwe aitungamirira bhajeti utariri mbiru uye kuvaka SS. Atova September, iye akapa kuti ndifambire mberi pakusikwa wevasungwa, izvo anobvumawo vanhu vanenge 5000. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva gare gare, pedyo Kiev, yakanga akatapwa incredible nhamba vasungwa vehondo, uye Kammler akachinja mirayiridzo ake akarayira 2 mujeri musasa - "Majdanek" uye "Auschwitz", rakagadzirirwa 50 zviuru vanhu mumwe.

kuvaka misasa

Pakutanga, wokutanga musasa yakavakwa kumucheto Lublin, pedyo kumakuva. Havasi vose aifarira urongwa uhwu, uye nehurumende akatanga rikanganise, pashure iyo Globocnik akatamisa kunomumwe nzvimbo, vanenge 3 km kubva muguta. Pashure paizvozvo, pano akauya wokutanga musasa wevasungwa vasungwa.

Kuwedzera nharaunda

Muna November, Kammler akarayira kuti akudziridze musasa, pakutanga 125 zviuru vasungwa, uye gare gare mwedzi - kusvika 150. Kwapera mwedzi mishomanana, uye spaciousness haana kukwana, saka kwakasarudzwa kutendeutsa zvakaoma. Zvino "Majdanek" aifanira ikwane 250 zviuru vasungwa Soviet vehondo, ane nhamba iri kuramba kukura. Zvisinei, Kammler Masvomhu vakaenda neparutivi. Wevasungwa "Majdanek" yaitanga nomumwe vanhu zviuru 20, uye pashure kuti kuvakwa yaro akarembedzwa. Pakusikwa yemauto itsva wakapindwa zvuru zviviri vasungwa Soviet vehondo, izvo mazana gumi vakaurayiwa November chokuita inotyisa nokushanda ezvinhu uye pokugara. Kuti uchiri mupenyu vanhu mazana mashanu, izvo vanenge 30% vakanga kare incapacitated. Muna December, kusvikira yokuvakira akabatana zana namakumi mashanu vaJudha, asi rekukwazisa uyu kupararira typhus, uye gare gare mwedzi iye aiti upenyu navose aimbotaurawo pakuvaka kwomusasa.

musasa mamiriro

musasa Area aiva 95 hectares. Ndima yake yose muzvikamu mashanu, mumwe wakanga chete nevakadzi. The kunzwisisa chaiva zvivako zvakawanda, ramakagadzwa paiva 227 okudhindira uye fekitari kugadzirwa, 22 mumabharaki vasungwa vehondo uye 2 administrative. Uyewo, "Majdanek" aiva matavi gumi Somuenzaniso, "Plaszow", "Trawniki" "Grubeshok" uye vamwe. musasa vasungwa mubasa kugadzirwa yunifomu nezvombo mafekitari.

vasungwa

Izvi mumusasa wevasungwa kuPoland, maererano pamutemo data, akava pfupi pokurara 300,000 vasungwa vehondo, zvinenge 40% vakanga vechiJudha, uye 35% - Poles. Pakati vamwe vasungwa vakanga vakawanda Russian, Ukrainians uye Belarusians. On nharaunda mumusasa uyu noutsinye kuurayiwa zvuru 80 vanhu, makota matatu vacho vaiva vaJudha. Maererano nevamwe, vari "Majdanek" vakararama vasungwa hafu yemiriyoni uye nhamba yevakafa yasvika vanhu 360,000.

Pakazosvika nguva pakagadzwa yevasungwa aifanira kuchengeta vasungwa vanenge 50,000, uye muna 1942 ayo kugona kwakawedzera kashanu. Akanga matavi gumi uye pachake kugadzirwa. Vasungwa vakaparadzwa, kubvira April 1942. "Cannon" rufu vakashumira gasi "Dutu B", iro kushandiswa "Auschwitz". Uye muna September 1943, yakanga raparurwa nesangano crematorium.

"Erntefest"

About mumisasa paiva akaita zvitupa uye magwaro, asi hazvigoni kuratidzwa papepa, sei utsinye aiva oparesheni "Erntefest", yakaitirwa mangwanani November 1943. Kushandurwa kubva pashoko German rinoreva "mutambo wokukohwa", zvikuru chibhende, nokufunga zvakaitika. maviri chete mazuva 3 uye 4 November mapurisa SS kuparadza zvose vaJudha Lublin woruwa, vasungwa vari mumisasa yevasungwa "Trawniki", "pfungwa" uye "Majdanek". Maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, vakawanda, vakaurayiwa kubva 40 kusvika 43 zviuru vanhu.

Izvi zvairwadza kupondwa. Vasungwa vakamanikidzwa kuzvicherera pemigero dzavo, iri pedyo kwomusasa. Mumwe gomba urefu kwakadaro asvika mamita 100, upamhi 6 uye kudzama mamita 3. Mangwanani November 3 VaJudha "Majdanek" uye zvose mapoka ari pedyo kwakatungamirira yacherwa izvi. Vasungwa vakanga vakakamurwa kuva mapoka, varare pamusoro kumigero kuti musungwa hwakazotevera akaisa musoro wake shure yapfuura mumwe. About zana vamiririri German SS akauraya vose vaJudha vapfurwa mumusoro, vachipfuura mechidziro. All yevasungwa yeNazi zvaishandiswa zvikuru kwazvo zviyero vasungwa vavo, asi vaiurayiwa izvi zvaiva nyore zvoutsinye. Saka mitumbi pachavo vari mugoronga majasi, mumwe pashure pomumwe. The SS vauraye akadzokorora sokuvapo gomba yose yakanga isina. Munguva kupfura wokuimba yaairidza kuti tisanzwe ruzha. Kana zvose kumigero vakazara zvitunha, akafukidza nhete rukoko panyika, uye ipapo cremated.

mhondi

Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti wevasungwa "Majdanek" Pakutanga vanofanira chete kuchengeta POWs Soviet. Kunyange zvazvo vhidhiyo uchapupu shanduro iyi haadaro. Misa kuurayiwa vakatanga pano gore pashure kuvaka, uye muna 1943 nzvimbo ino yava mukuru musasa rufu. Pano, kunze kwomudzimu "Erntefest", kunyanya kushandiswa gasi makamuri. Nokuti muchetura kutanga kushandiswa carbon monoxide, uye gare gare "Zyklon B".

musasa rusununguko

Muna 1944, mauto eSoviet vakakwanisa kuzosunungura "Majdanek". Wevasungwa, mapikicha rwaaimboparadza zvakare varatidzirei callousness of Waffen SS, akanga pakarepo kusiyiwa vokuGermany, iyo, kunyange vakaedza kuvanza uchapupu kupondwa, vakanga vasingakwanisi kuita. VokuGermany vane kana ari pachikoro, achiedza kuparadza crematorium, waiva pachimiro kupondwa zvevanhu, asi havana nguva yokuita sezvo vaifanira kukurumidza kusiya nzvimbo iyi. Muzhizha iroro mauto Soviet Union kuti vakakwanisa chokusunungura ndima uye akawanda nemamwe rufu mumisasa, akadai "Treblinka", "Sobibor" uye "Belzec" izvo emauto akadzingwa mabasa muna 1943.

mhedziso

At paro, mapoka Nazi havasi zvakasiyana. All of mudziyo chinopesana Humanism uye pfungwa yokuti vanhu vose vakaenzana. Hapana haagoni kuva "asi". Kanenge chero dambudziko uye zvinogona kuonekwa kubva akasiyana pamakona, asi kuparadzwa zvevanhu hazvigoni takarurama chinhu, kunyange chokwadi kuti yaiva hondo. Wevasungwa - kutanga kuti haako nokuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti Third Reich, Hitler kwete chete munhu akamhanyira gasi mukamuri, umo aimbotaurawo muchiuto, masoja utsinye. Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose anoda izvi, vamwe vaiva naro, asi vakanga vasina kusarudza, vaifanira kuva utsinye kwavari haana mhosva mutengesi. The kupfuura kuda vavo kunyange akaedza kubatsira vasungwa, asi zviri zvikuru simba kururamiswa nezvavaizoita. Zvisinei, inenge nechinzvimbo chepamusoro nhengo SS, uye hatigoni kutaura kuti, nokuti nemaune akatumira rufu makumi ezviuru chero vanhu vasina mhosva, pakati pavo vakadzi nevana.