"Arizona" (chigadzirwe) - ari muguva 1177 dzomugungwa

Rine mapeji kwakaipisisa munhau neimwe nyika. Vanovata manzwiro yakavhenganiswa. Asi chinhu chimwe chete chakafanana: vanofanira kuyeuka kuti adzivise dzokororo. Muna US zita peji imwe yakadaro - "Arizona" - mumwe yehondo, uyo akafa muna 1941 uye akatungamirira nyika kupinda Second World War.

Ayakaita?

Remakore rechimakumi maviri akatanga kutamburira mukuru nokuda redivision hwenyika. For warships raireva mazuvaano. Countries vaikwikwidzana ari Qualitative kuvandudzika ngarava dzavo uye kuwedzera nhamba yavo.

The chikuru rehondo Navy battleships vaionekwa. Kubva nemipfumbamwe battleships remakore zvikazooneka muenzaniso akasiyana zvachose kuti kurwa mudziyo. Battleships vaionekwa akakodzera kuhondo kuitawo dzechikwata. Vakanga kushandiswa kuparadza ngarava muvengi pamwe muchipo atirari rutsigiro kubva panyika. Izvi warrior rinorema zvigwagwagwa vakanga vakagadzirira pamwe caliber pamusoro 280-460 mm. The vashandi chaiva vanhu gumi zana aigona kunge yakawanda zviuru zvitatu. With avhareji Kureba kweareka kubva zana namakumi mashanu mazana matatu metres misha ranged kubva makumi maviri kusvika makumi manomwe nezviviri matani.

Chikuru Chikonzero kwakawedzera kuteerera warships aiva chido inoti kuti ukuru nesimba rehondo. Nyika dzakawanda nezvezvandaifanira zvikepe kurwa. Vamwe akavhomora nzeve avhiyesheni. Kare muna 1922, United States uye Britain akasaina Washington Treaty iri nhamba yacho fleets kweJapan, US neBritain. Chokutanga akakunda kodzero muzana chete makumi mana ari rengarava England uye United States. VokuJapan vakasarudza inodarika vashori vavo avhiyesheni.

Munguva thirties, zvinodiwa vaviri dzakavakidzana vari kusangana nokuda kupfuma mafuta. Army uye Navy kunoda huni, apo Japan kuti reserves mafuta haana. Suppliers endarama dema panguva vaiva kunyika Southeast Asia, akadai Indonesia. Japan achida kubvuta zvinhu mafuta zvakaita kuti kurwisana pamwe neUnited States.

The US murayiro zvauyiswa kuna Hawaii (apo vaitarisira kurwisa Japanese) kubva California warships. Japanese muchiuto pakupindura battleships ari pachena America uye sevatsvaki vemapuranga vakatanga upgrading zvikepe zvavo. Ivo akapa warships uye dzokurwa rinobaya mabhomba ikava vatakuri ndege.

Pakati yakatamiswawo kubva California, uye ngarava yaiva yehondo "Arizona".

rwisana mikana

Musi Brooklyn shipyard kuvaka chikepe "Arizona" kwakatangwa muna March 1914. Yehondo rava asingakundiki reuto muHondo Yenyika I hondo.

Pakuregererwa kurwa nesimba chikepe ane hunhu waro zvombo. American yehondo "Arizona" rakanga kwayo revatungamiriri anoyevedza zvombo mukuru-caliber zvombo, gumi pfuti caliber 356 mm; . Pfuti makumi maviri caliber 5 "/ 51, pfuti mana caliber 76/23; unokukwazisai pfuti mana 47 mm uye maviri 1-pounders 37 mm; maviri Avangard pfuti kubva 533 mm mungarava akawanda vashandi - 1385 vakuru uye varume.

External miganhu uyewo kurudzira kuremekedzwa. Aine kureba zana namakumi masere namakumi matatu namaviri metres yakafara chikepe tonnage zvasvika matani 31.400. Kunonyanyisa kufamba nokukurumidza - maviri chete chikwata.

The chikepe aiva haripindiki nhare pamusoro mvura, ine simba kwegore risingapindiki kumativi. Asi vokuJapan havana kurwisa nayo kutarisirwa zviri zvetsika nzira. Nadzo rokumusoro uriri vasina simba, uye kuti kutyora zvakanga zvisiri nyore.

Kugadzirira kurwisa Japan

Muna 1940, Hawaii nevamwe warships vasvika "Arizona". Yehondo akadzivirira uto mujinga pana Pearl Harbor. MuAmerica vachiri kutenda kuti hondo kuuya ichava ngarava yehondo. Asi vokuJapan havana kufunga kudaro.

Pakazosvika 1941, boka rinotungamirirwa Admiral Yamamoto akabudirira kuva chinhu unoshamisa kuparadza chigadzirwe mhepo. An ndege ine vashandi varume vatatu kutora kure chinhu mutakuri ndege uye vakatakura muchikepe imwe-tani mabhomba. Airspeed zvasvika makiromita mazana mashanu paawa. Dzinoparadzirwa ukuru ari airspace pamusoro Pacific Ocean akachinjirwa kuJapan.

Okupedzisira maminitsi yehondo "Arizona"

Wechinomwe December 1941 - inosuruvarisa uye akashungurudzwa chitsauko muna US munhoroondo. Svondo mangwanani, apo chengarava Pearl Harbor akanga akarara murugare, murayiro Japanese akaita kurwisa kaviri pazuva uto chiteshi. The yakatanga panguva nomwe, sere uye rwakatora nemaminitsi gumi namasere. Wechipiri akadzokorora nenguva dzepfumbamwe uye kwakatora maminitsi makumi maviri. Panguva namatatu miniti nokurwisa kwokutanga (nenguva sere o'clock mumaminitsi nhanhatu) arasa yehondo "Arizona".

Kurwiswa Pearl Harbor akaita mana Avangard matatu namakumi mashanu nezvitatu Ndege. Mumwe zvomumvura uye ndege ine yayo basa. Ndege kuparara. kuparadzwa airfields, Avangard Ndege vakarwisa kubva kumativi maviri chitsuwa nhare. Nenguva sere o'clock mumaminitsi mana ekutanga bhomba yarova yehondo, uye ipapo mamwe mana. Bhomba wokutanga yarova Upfu chombo uye yakawedzerawo. A masekondi mashoma kuputika uye moto ndokutanga. Marimi omoto asvika nekukwirira mazana maviri namakumi mana mamita.

Pokufa yehondo "Arizona" kwakaitika kwete nokurohwa imwe Avangard. Zvinoparadza yokusafa Avangard kukundwa, zvakawanikwa.

vhidhiyo chapupu

With vamire pedyo muchipatara-chikepe inotsika Dr. Eric Haakenson filmed Nguva kwechirwere ndege pamwe bhomba foredeck. Paiva upfu zvitengeswa warship. Zvombo akanyemwerera uye akaita sefungu tevera kuputika. Kamuri kuti kamuri nendege mumhepo. Yehondo yakatanga muna hafu uye vakatanga kugara pasi. Ngarava dzose mirazvo aitambudza kwamazuva matatu. Chikepe chakarasika.

Mugumisiro kurwisa musi Pearl Harbor

Panguva bvuta akauraya vanhu 1177. Pakati pavo, Admiral Ayzek Kit. Akanga ari mangwanani pazuva yehondo. Vakapona chete mhete kusunungurwa Admiral of Naval Academy, iro zvechigarire soldered kuti bhodhi "Arizona" mudziyo. Yehondo akatungamirira Franklin Van Valkenburg, vakanga vabatanidzwa njodzi yake rakarira. The chikwata wakasara. Makore maviri I zvidzidzo kuongorora ngwanda. It akakwanisa kununura kubva simbi muviri pakutapwa 233 vakafa. Anopfuura mazana mapfumbamwe vezvikepe nokusingaperi kuramba mungarava "Arizona". Yehondo mvura ichiripo.

Kuti bvuta akauraya kwete chete "Arizona". Yehondo akava mumwe battleships mana US Navy yakanyura 7 December 1941. Vaviri akakwanisa kudzorerazve 1944. dzimwe battleships Four vakagamuchira kusiyanisa kwokuomerwa makuvaro. Isu aitambura kurwisa Japanese vaparadzi matatu, rimwe minelayer uye nhatu sevatsvaki vemapuranga. US ndege akarasikirwa anenge mazana maviri ndege. Akafa maviri chiuru hafu vanhu vakuvara uye konfuzheny - chimwe namazana maviri namakumi masere namaviri.

Japanese kudenha uye kuparadzwa imwe US uto mujinga pachitsuwa Pearl Harbor kwakaita kuti kuchinja maonero US enyika. Franklin Roosevelt aida kuzivisa hondo Japan. December 7, 1941 - zuva United States akapinda Hondo Yenyika II. Uye chikonzero chiri sezvinotevera: yacho yehondo "Arizona" nechepasi somugumisiro Mabhomba yacho ndege Japanese.

ndangariro zvachose

Places kunamata ari mungarava "Arizona" rakatanga muna 1950. Admiral Arthur Radford, apo mukuru US Pacific Fleet, chakaratidza kutanga tsika itsva, kumutsa flag mukukudza akarasika rakarira. Nokuti chikamu ichi muchikepe superstructure akanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara, mumativi scored kongiri inoungana kuti simba magadzirirwo. On stilts akasimbisa netende duku, izvo zvaiita kuti yokuturika pamusoro zvakasara yehondo. mhemberero kukudza "Arizona" vezvikepe pano uye aite.

Monument pamusoro panzvimbo akanyura pasi yehondo "Arizona" yakavakwa muna 1962. Chirangaridzo iri zvisaririra muchikepe, idzo zvakajeka kuonekwa nomugungwa pamusoro. Concrete mamiriro hazvirevi kubata Hull yacho yehondo. Pavanopinda kuti miziyamu yakaoma, vashanyi vari akakwazisa chinobata akamutswa kubva revatungamiriri "Arizona".

In huru neeimba vashanyi kuteerera mahwindo nomwe, inomiririra musi afa muhondo mudziyo. On masvingo miziyamu akanyorwa mazita vakafa vezvikepe. Kuti vasvike ikoko, unofanira kukunda mvura mhinganidzo, nyika isina nzira. Nokuti zvivanakire vashanyi vakavaka Marina.

Uchapupu kusuwa kusingaperi

Kukosha nokuti vokuAmerica kuchengetedza husingaperi ndangariro vakafa vezvikepe muna 1177 kunosimbiswa akawanda chokwadi:

• Fifth May 1989 akachengetedzwa Hull yacho yehondo waibatanidzwa nhamba nzvimbo National enhoroondo.
• Panguva ivepo, chokurangaridza akanga wakapindwa miriyoni vanhu.

• Ose mutungamiri American mumakore ake vari White House chinodikanwa kanenge kamwe kushanyira nzvimbo iyi inokosha. Nhasi, ari kushanya kune chirangaridzo yehondo "Arizona" musoro nyika yava tsika.
• The Emperor kweJapan akatora chikamu mune mhemberero nedzokuisa nezvishongo ndandanda vakafa vezvikepe.

Legend of rufu yehondo

Vazhinji mibvunzo pamusoro pokufa chigadzirwe vachiri vasina kuwana mhinduro. Naizvozvo, kumativi risingakanganwiki nezvakaitika December 7, 1941 pane ngano.

Mumwe wavo hwakabatana yakadaro kuparadzwa nokukurumidza kuti kurwa mudziyo. Vanotaura nezverubhapatidzo hombe kwechirwere torpedoes vari Hull chikepe ane vagari mabhomba nomwe rova. Asi "Arizona" haana kana kumbovhunduka. rimwe bhomba chete yarova nenyere inotisvitsa kuparadzwa yehondo. Inspection Flue akanongedza kusawirirana pakati shanduro yakadaro. Damage chinoratidza raparadza ichi uye haizopereri kuputika zvakawanikwa.

The mupenyu muzvinambiri

The ngano wechipiri akauya makore mashomanana pashure pokufa chikepe, pashure kuvakwa chesamende chirangaridzo pa nzvimbo yaro mafashamo. Nguva nenguva pamusoro pemvura anoparadzira jikichira chidodzi. contours ayo akafanana misodzi mumaziso. Purple-yakatsvuka rinoratidza kufanana neropa. Vashanyi kuita pikicha yacho yehondo "Arizona" panguva ino. America vanodavira kuti nzira chigadzirwe inochema ayo rakarira akafa. Kutaura zvazviri, anotevera kubva nengura injini mafuta pamusoro injini muimba. Asi ngano uye chakasvitswa zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi.