Nhoroondo yevanhu: zvishoma pamusoro okutanga emakore chokuvapo

Maererano siyana Zvipupuriro uye tsvakurudzo, anenge mamiriyoni matatu apfuura (kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nhoroondo yevanhu anodana vamwe vekare) vanhu vakabuda mhuka. About 35 zviuru apfuura akatanga paumbwe vanhu ano. makore makumi matatu nezviviri yebudiriro akatanga kuoneka munyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika.

Kana nhoroondo yevanhu vakanga yakarideredza nezuva, kubva nguva nokuumbwa makirasi uye mamiriro kusvikira panguva ino, maererano masayendisiti, chakaitirwa kuti maminitsi 4 chete.

The chinyakare zvaiita hurongwa raiva wakarebesa pachikuva. It rwakatora anenge mamiriyoni ane makore. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nguva chaiyo, apo nhoroondo yevanhu, zvakaoma chaizvo kuzodana. Yokumusoro muganhu (kupedza danho) chinyakare hurongwa zvinosiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana mwero zvichienderana kondinendi. Somuenzaniso, makirasi mu Africa uye Asia akatanga kutora chimiro pakutanga kwezana 4-3. BC. E mu America -. 1. BC. e.

nhoroondo yevanhu vakaita sei, nei vakanga vokutanga vanhu, kana uye apo zvakaitika anoramba ari chakavanzika. Zvinosuruvarisa hapana Monuments of eras ivavo asingadi.

Periodization nhoroondo yevanhu rinoitwa nemasayendisiti dzakasiyana nenzira dzakasiyana.

Kunyange Roman uye Chinese vazivi vekare vaiziva nezvokuvapo matatu emakore: ndarira (mhangura), ibwe nedare. In rechi19 - kutanga kwerechi20, ichi periodization matongo vakagamuchira kukura nesayenzi. Somugumisiro, masayendisiti typologize dariro uye makore izvi nguva.

Stone Age yakapedza kanoverengeka yakareba kupfuura yose haizopereri munhoroondo yevanhu. Weboka muzvikamu munhambo ichi inobva kuwedzera kunzwisisa uye kuchinja nzira ibwe Ezvemutauro.

Stone Age chakatanga paleolith (Old Stone), izvo, akavapindurawo, masayendisiti with yakaderera padanho (mangwanani), pakati uye yokumusoro (nokunonoka) paleolith.

Next anotanga srednekamenny zera (mesolit Kuchinja nguva). Nguva iyi anonziwo epipaleolitom (poslepaleolitom) kana protoneolitom (predneolitom). Vamwe vanyori regai kutaura zvachose.

Akapedza Stone Age neolithic (New Stone zera). Panoperera iyi, varipo vekutanga zvokushandisa mhangura. Izvi zvinoratidza paumbwe rinokosha Danho - Eneolithic (Chalcolithic).

Mamiriro rekambani periodization anotevera emakore (New Stone, simbi uye ndarira) chinomiririrwa vaongorori zvakasiyana zvakasiyana. Zvakasiyana tsika uye kurondedzerwa mukati mavo nzendo.

Archaeological periodization kunobva zvachose pamusoro kwesayenzi chokuita uye havapi pfungwa paumbwe kugadzirwa rose. The Hurongwa pari mu padariro inonatsa haina zvikuru pose sezvo emunharaunda.

Mamwe zvausingakwanisi iri chipo zvinangwa paleoanthropological periodization pakati chinyakare munzanga. Kwakavakirwa panheyo zvipenyu shanduka kwevanhu. Maererano ino wakatsaurwa pamukova padariro kukura, vaongorori vanoti kuvapo mukuru (archanthropines), yekare (palaeoanthropes), uyewo ano Zvisaririra (neanthropine) munhu. Pasinei dzimwe nharo, paleo-anthropological hurongwa weboka vanhu pamusoro nzendo chokuita zvikuru matongo hurongwa.

Panguva iyoyowo, izvi periodization chinokosha munhoroondo yevanhu hazvigoni kuenzaniswa kukosha pamwe mukuru hurongwa kupatsanurwa vanhu vekare. Development dzinoitwa dzakaitika uye zvinhu kunzwisisa kukura kwevanhu vokutanga vakatanga kukoshesa Morgan (American ANODZIDZA). Maererano akasimbisa muzana remakore rechi18 weboka yose muitiro kuti nguva yebudiriro, zvoutsinye uye noutsinye, kufunga chokupika nenhanho kugadzirwa "nechouviri", American ethnographer dzinounzwa neimwe iine makore yakakwirira, nechepakati uye kuderedza mwero. Zvadaro, Shona akarumbidza periodization, generalized izvozvo.