Ivan Fedorov - piyona: kuti Biography munhu mukuru

A chiitiko chinokosha munyika Russian uye nyika kare pakatanga rokudhinda. In Russia ichi utsanzi yasvika munzvimbo ramakore rechi16. Mumwe kurovedzera, ane zita riri chokuita veMubatanidzwa pakudhinda munyika nguva Ivana Groznogo, aifarirwa nevakawanda vakakurumbira Ivan Fedorov. Familiar kwete chete nokuda vakuru uye kuvhenekerwa vanhu nyaya murume uyu. Biography Ivana Fedorova - piyona - vana ruripo kudzidza kuchikoro.

Ayakaita?

Mumwe munhu munhau ane zvinofadza uye nemamwe ane mutsetse yavo zvichaguma. dzimwe nguva upenyu anotora zvisingatarisirwi muchichinjana. atambura ose. Uye, chokwadi, hapana chakasara - uye piyona mumunda Russian Typography.

Biography Ivana Fedorova - piyona - kutanga tsika. Parinotaura nguva kuumbwa aberekwa zvinobva 1510 makore 1530. Oddly zvakakwana, hazvina kurarama mashoko akavimbika pamusoro apo akanga aberekwa uye akapedza piyona pauduku hwake. Asi, panzvimbo mukana zvose, izvi zvakaitika Kaluga province. Ponesai ruzivo pamusoro kuti, akashanda se mudhikoni wechechi Nikoly Gostunskogo. Ane akadzidzisa kuverenga uye kunyora, uyewo vapristi vazhinji mumakereke. Nechekare muna 1532 vakapedza kudzidza Cracow University. Izvi runoratidzwa ndechokuti piyona aiva tsvimborume kuti dhigirii.

basa chechi

Somugumisiro webasa akasangana piyona Metropolitan Macarius Ivan Fyodorov. Brief Biography anoti, zvichida, izvi ndizvo chamuita kuti chokwadi chokuti nokukurumidza chamber yokutanga Russian akanga Fedorov ndinoisa nyaya yakadai inokosha sezvo kubudisa bhuku rokutanga - ". MuApostora"

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, Makarios akanga pedyo Ivan anotyisa, uye akaona vaikwanisa jaya, aigona kupa kurohwa.

By murayiro wamambo ari 1550s vatanga basa pamusoro pokumuka wokutanga kudhindwa reimba muMoscow. Vakanyatsosarudzwa fonts nezvimwewo zvakakodzera nokushanda kudhinda indasitiri. Pakutanga, mabhizimisi vakanga vasingazivikanwi. Asi zvino izvi chinhu kwakakurumbira.

Kuberekwa mabhuku okutanga Russian - "Muapostora"

Biography Ivana Fedorova, piyona, vana kazhinji wakagadzirirwa inotiudza pakusikwa mabhuku okutanga akadhindwa. Muna 1564 akabudisa wokutanga Russian akadhindwa bhuku mumutauro necheSalvic - ". MuApostora" Chinoshingaira chikamu chacho chitarisiko akatora Ivan Fyodorov uye ake mubatsiri - Peter Mstislavets uye Marusha Nerefev. Kugadzirira chiitiko ichi akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kwerinenge gore. Pokupedza waivapo kubudirira, sezvo Somuenzaniso ichi chaiva nani zvikuru pane yapfuura mabhuku unhu hwavo. basa iri akagamuchira chikomborero Metropolitan Macarius, asi zvinosuruvarisa Macarius haana akararama kusvika nguva, apo ndakabuda, "MuApostora."
Ndizvo yakakurumbira Ivan Fedorov - piyona. Biography vana, zvinoitika chete inorodza pfungwa iyi.

Asi, chokwadi, vose mumwe bhuku haagumiri ipapo. Typography vaakagamuchira kuramba kwose kwose. Muna 1565, panguva behest Ivana Groznogo aifanira kusunungura rimwe bhuku minamato rinonzi "Book Hours". Izvi itai Peter Mstislavets uye Ivan Fedorov (piyona). Biography rinoratidza kuti makopi maviri kugadzirwa. Naizvozvo, zvakanga zvinobatsira zvikuru munzanga. Pane vakaiswa mucherechedzo minyengetero siyana uye nziyo. Nokuti iye kuti nezuva mhemberero chechi. Asi chinonyanya kukosha, kuti zvakanga zvakamuomera akatanga kudzidzisa kuverenga.

The kutambudzwa okutanga vaidhinda

Asi mamiriro ezvinhu kutotadzisa kuipa. Vakawanda havana kunobatsira kukura rokudhinda. Chokutanga, vaverengwe takers, uyo, chokwadi, akarasikirwa nebasa rake, uye, naizvozvo, avo mari mari. Asingafari vaiva rokumusoro strata chavagari, vanotya kuti kuvandudzika kuti voruzhinji vakazoroorwa kungatungamirira kuti vacharasikirwa neropafadzo yavo. Vanhu pangozi kuoneka pfungwa yaizobatsira kuronga kupandukira vehurumende, varidzi, vafundisi, zvichingodaro. Pane pfungwa kuti zvinyorwa, sezvo iri ndiro basa rakaoma zvimwe munhu, mweya yakanga yashandiswa. A anodhinda pamusoro michina asingamuberekeri zvivako izvozvo, uye kutorwa sechinhu kuchena. Biography Ivan Fedorov -pervopechatnika - rinotaura pamusoro akaoma chinzvimbo mutungamiri.

Kuchiguma moto yakaitika muna 1566 mumba rokudhinda. Uyezve, mashoko kupayona basa Typography akaonekwa vanyengeri. Pashure chiitiko ichi, kwakasarudzwa kuti aidhinda wokutanga, kusanganisira Peter Mstislavets uye Ivan Fyodorov, vanofanira kuenda Lithuania.

Jobs in Lithuania

In Zabludovo, kuchamuka Hetman Chodkiewicz, wokudhinda rakarongwa. Bhuku rokutanga kubudiswa muchiedza ichi wokudhinda, aiva "kudzidzisa vhangeri." Zvadaro, bhuku rainzi Zabludovskii. chiitiko ichi chinokosha chakaitika muna 1568-1569, ukuwo. Zvakare, basa akatungamirira zvose zvakafanana aidhinda rokutanga. Asi mberi mabasa evanhu ava kubudiswa. Sematsananguriro mapfupi Biography pamusoro Ivan Fedorov, chokutanga, aidhinda zvazvinosarira uye anoramba kushanda Zabludovo. Peter Mstislavets uyewo akatumwa Vilna. Somugumisiro basa Zabludovo Ivanom Fedorovym akasika bhuku "Psalter pamwe Chasoslovtsem".

Asi pano mugumo chaauya mumwe kushamisika kusingafadzi, izvo atarisana Ivan Fedorov (piyona). Biography inoti. Khodasevich nemhaka yokukwegura, kusada kuita sangano iri Mint, kushaya yakawanda mari akasarudza kurega basa rokudhinda. Khodasevich anoda kuita kurima Ivan Fedorov, asi iye anoramba, nekuti anoona pacharo haana akagadzirirwa kuti basa. Iye anobva Zabludovo kusvika 1573.

Kutamira kuguta

Brief Biography Ivana Fedorova, chokutanga aidhinda kunoratidza kuti yoga aifanira kutakura zvose zvokushandisa zvakakodzera kwomudzimu rokudhinda. Pano murume akakwanisa kuronga yayo wokudhinda. Basa rabuda zvakare, uye muna 1574 akabudisa rokutanga akadhindwa mubhuku muUkraine - "The Apostora", zita iroro pamwe Moscow Somuenzaniso. Maererano kugutsikana kuri chakafanana uya yakabudiswa shure muna 1564. Zvisinei, pano ari chinhu yakawedzerwa. Somuenzaniso, mashoma yokusuma magwaro. Pamugumo mawana asangana anonakidza postscript kuti munhu akanga Ivan Fedorov-piyona. Biography rakaramba mitsetse: "nyaya iyi inoratidza kutanga kupi uye sei kuti pave kudhinda imba ino." Kwakadaro kwaiva musoro epilogue. Difficulty Ivan Fedorov akaita pamusoro chiuru shanduro "Muapostora". Izvi zvaireva kuti wokudhindisa yakazokudziridzwa kwete chete kuRussia asiwo munharaunda Ukraine ano.

Muna 1574 akabudisa "ABC" iri kudhinda Ivana Fedorova - wokutanga East necheSalvic bhuku, izvo zvatakanzwa. Mabhuku akanga ari mupfupi, uye ane zvose zvakafanira kuti kudzidza kuverenga nokunyora.

Ostrog Bible

Uyezve pane anotevera chiitiko. Muna 1575, iye anogamuchira akokwa Konstantina Konstantinovicha Ostrozhskogo Ivan Fedorov-piyona. Biography pamusoro Prince rinomuti mumwe vakapfuma vanhu venyika-Lithuanian Polish mamiriro. Pane panyaya kuronga mutsva wokudhinda mujeri Volyn, kureva munda Konstantina Ostrozhskogo. Muchinda pachake Vaitarisira kukura nesayenzi uye dzidzo nomumba munyika dzavo. Pane kunyange chikoro Orthodox rakarongwa. Muna 1578 akabudisa rimwe "ABC", nokuti iro raiva basa piyona Ivan Fyodorov. Brief Biography anowedzera kuti gore asati basa rinotanga akakurumbira "Bible", yakabudiswa muna 1580
Zvinotonyanya kukosha kuti ichi ndicho chokutanga zvakazara kubudiswa Bhaibheri, rakanyorwa Old Church kwechiSlavonic.

downhill upenyu

Muna 1582, mumwe piyona Ivan Fedorov Lviv vakadzokera dzavo. Anoda kuramba basa rake. Asi zvakazara kushandisa urongwa rotsva. Muna 1583, akabva munyika ino. Akavigwa kumonasitiri St. Onufrievskom, uye akaisa pamusoro paguva rakanyorwa pamwe akanyorwa "drukar (t. E. Printer) mabhuku pamberi isingaoneki." Ndiro zita matura ose Ivan Fedorov - piyona.

Biography vana uye vakuru iri pamusoro. Kuyeukwa guru rinonzi-aidhinda mumabhatiri zvachose munhoroondo weRussia.