Ruzhowa mari muRussia uye munyika chepamusoro, mamiriro wongororo. Ruzhowa mari - zvinoita ...

A mhando mumvuri dzakasiyana-siyana nedzidziso uye kufungidzira kwemakumi emakore nokusvikira sangano rimwe, akadana ruzhowa Fund. Zvinosuruvarisa ichi vachiri hazvishamisi, sezvo musimboti wechokwadi uye zvechadenga basa dzimwe bhiza yerima, kunyange kwakarungwa nezvoupfumi. Izvi dzinongoita kubudirira neshoko rokuti "ruzhowa" iri rokuti - iri mari utariri kwezvakatipoteredza iri, vakawanda mashoko, zvinoreva kuona kuti mishumo njodzi zvemari.

Chokwadi, vatengi kutsauswa dzemasangano zvokuti vazhinji zvakadaro vachinzwisisa sechituso inishuwarenzi pamusoro siyana dambudziko ezvinhu mune mari, vakanga norupo flavoured uye akawanda akanaka MUNYAYA kubva mari pachavo pamusoro kubudirira kwavo mabasa. Zvisinei, chokwadi ndechokuti mashandiro emari iyi inoshanda haisi zvakadaro, sezvo zvinoratidza, uye ichi ndicho zvakajeka chinhu kuti munhu wose anofanira kuziva anofarira investor purofiti.

The musimboti uye chinangwa sangano

Ruzhowa mari - a private Nokutendeka kudyidzana, ane Vavariro iri maximize kudzoka musi mari nokuti vakapiwa vanoita ngozi kana ngozi rutapudzo kuti vakapiwa goho (zvanzi rinotsanangura shoko rokuti "ruzhowa" muzita -. Kubva Chirungu dziviriro, inishuwarenzi). The chaiye mari yakadaro ndiyo nyore pfungwa kuwana chinja mari nokuda mari depositors pasinei ano musika mamiriro: kana kusingaenzaniswi paanochinja kana chinokosha kukura. Nokuti matambudziko akadaro, shandisa kunzwisisa nzira zvemari, kazhinji kusanganisira naiyewo zvireruke kutenga pamunenge muchizvivaraidza Hurefu kana pfupi sale, uye vamwe vakawanda.

The chakarondedzera yose akasiyana-siyana kwema zvemari kuti anogona kutora chaizvo rakafara mari. Uye chete ngozi utariri pamusika - asi, ndiko anozviita chete zvimwe Masangano ruzhowa, ruzhinji ichi chinhu chake - chete zvinogona zvishandiso kushanda mari, asi kwete chete basa.

Kunyanya depositors mari inenge yashandiswa nokuda mamaneja vaitengeserana pachena kuchengetedzeka, asi, chaizvoizvo, vanokwanisa kushandisa anenge zvose, zviri pfungwa dzavo, uye nzira anokwanisa mberi kuunza mari: nyika, Real Estate, chinokosha musika, mari uye zvichingodaro .. chete Kurambidzwa pachinhu ichi, ushandiswe zvakananga mubhizimisi kuziviswa mari.

Panguva iyoyowo sezvo zvakawanda mubhizimisi mikana kuzviita iripo haisi yokuti munhu wose anoda kuwedzera pfuma yake: kuwana ruzhowa Fund wakazaruka kana "aizivikanwa zviri pamutemo" kana vanoita nyanzvi ane mambure zvemadhenari anofanira pfuura kanenge $ 1 miriyoni (dzakakudzingai mari yayo yokugara mukuru). akavarambidza izvi ariko pamwe nhoroondo kuti nyanzvi vanoita kare kugadzirira matambudziko uye ngozi, unosanganisira zvakadzama mubhizimisi kuzivisa ruzhowa mari. Rairambidzwa vatori vechikamu, vanoita akaronga US Commission pamusoro kuchengetedzeka uye Exchange Commission uye vanhu 99 kunonyanyisa, izvo vanenge 65 vanofanira kuva, sezvo ambotaurwa pakutanga, "abvumirwa" (investor, mumbure mari iyo, pasi mutemo US, unofanira kuva kanenge $ 200 zviuru). Akapiwa upamhi zvichibvira mari nezviito, njodzi inogona kuva mukuru chaizvo, izvo mutemo anoita vanoita mari nenzira kuti nokurasikirwa kwavo zvachose hakuiti kunotoreva chero kuvadza mhuri bhajeti.

Kuzvarwa chimurenga uye ayo zvisingafi mucherechedzo pamusoro upfumi nyika

Unique nokuti nguva yaro uye chizvarwa mubereko yokuwana nzira yakanga afunga neAmerican Economist Alfredom Uinslou Johnson, uyo muna 1949 akatanga wokutanga ruzhowa Fund munhau. Rakanyorwa noruzhowa Fund zita, zvakafanana ake. Zvakabuda basa rake, akabudisa makore matanhatu chete gare gare, muna 1965, iyo yakabereka yakawanda ruzha, uye kufarira pamusika. Mairi, akarondedzera zvakadzama yose inokosha mashandiro zvakaoma nenzira kuwa uye kumuka musika nokushandisa mubatanidzwa vachitenga uye vachitengesa overvalued mugove undervalued.

Wokutanga ndiwo kuchengetedzeka, kuitika mutengo zvakakwirira, asi muchiitiko chino paine zviratidzo - zvinoita-ari harbingers izvo mutengo pokuwa mune ramangwana. Undervalued - chaiyo pakatarisana kana mugove mutengo yakaderera, asi vane chimwe prerequisites, uye zvinogona kukura.

Achishandisa generalized mashoko, nzira anotsanangurwa apa, Jones kubudirira chaizvo migumisiro - kukosha oupfumi ayo makore gumi wenyama, mari yakasvika 670%.

A inobudirira nzira yaiva hombe kupararira, uye muna 1968 muna US pedyo kuchengetedzeka uye Exchange Commission yave vakanyorwa anenge 140 mari shamwari neshamwari, iro rikawira pasi tsanangudzo "ruzhowa Fund."

Zvisinei, echimurenga kuti nguva yaro, pfungwa yokuti mari pedyo 2008-2009 ikava chaicho zvemari njodzi, akadana rakasiyana madenderedzwa sezvo "kudzikira zvikuru". Kunotangira mari yokufungidzira kuwedzera vakawanda uye kuwedzera kunzwisisa, munyika yose dambudziko makore iwayo vakagamuchira vaipiwa simba kubva ruzhowa mari pachavo, uye ruzhowa mari -, chaizvoizvo, dzokufungidzira sangano. Zvisinei, nokuda zvinhu sezvazviri, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti wokutanga rouchenjeri anobuda kuti dutu zvemari ichi chaingova dzimba. Mutsindo chikwereti zvikwereti munhoroondo yokuongorora zvomuchadenga pakafunuka iri rakapa apo sezvariri pamusoro wese (zvakati akawanda uye vaya vane solvency zvavo vaisagona kuvhara chikwereti mitoro), yakadzurwa naye pasi rose zvemari uye zvikwereti kwemauto, ipapo dambudziko zvakazara sezvo pakanyenga kunyatsonzwisisa upfumi States uye nyika dzimwe makondinendi.

Kutamba pamusoro yemasiraidhi mumigove pamusoro mabhanga, mari ruzhowa mari pakudaro chete kuwedzera kukura kutya zvemari kuti yekudyidzana catalyzing kwoupfumi achipera pasi pose. Uye kunyange vamwe mhosva Masangano aya nokuda zvose zvakaitika panguva iyoyo hazvirambiki, asi kwete chete havana vanofurira zviitiko. Kukara ndiko vatengi pachavo, izvo hapana nzira muduku profiteering nezvoupfumi, akakwezva mukanyiwa chitarisiko huru mbiri zvikwereti kuti kazhinji pave vakanga disproportionate zvachose kwaniso yavo yekubhadhara.

Pari, nyika akapora kubva chakakomba zvinokonzerwa dambudziko, uye kudzora mabasa ruzhowa mari yekudyidzana achiudza pashure haawanzotauri reparable akundwa kwavo mufananidzo sezvo mari masangano. In zvachose musika nyika ine anenge 12,000 ruzhowa mari, achitarisira ndeizvi vakaverenga mu dzakazadza US zvemadhora. Zvisinei, nokuda zvakaoma uye dzinovhiringidza zvikuru kakawanda, zviri pamutemo maumbirwo masangano aya, kuverenga kunyatsoenderana rakawanda zvinhu chaizvo mari ndiyo zvakaoma.

Structural zvinoumba rimwe mashandiro

Ruzhowa mari - zviri muzviitiko zvakawanda nemamwe aro sangano pakudyidzana navazhinji zvinhu uye nuances. Vamwe ndivo kusimba yakaoma uye dzinovhiringidza, vamwe varasikirwe sezvo nyore uye läpinäkyvä marongerwo - zvose kunobva zvachose zvinangwa, nzira uye kushanda nzira mari. Zvisinei, chero maumbirwo ruzhowa Fund ine zvinotevera zvinokosha:

• Vanoita - Vanhu vasina unhu risingagoni kuva Kuvapo uye nokushanda Fund. The sangano inopa rubatsiro aro makambani, avo vari nyaya chibvumirano, kushandisa chero chikamu rayo guru. Pashure paizvozvo, somugumisiro kushandiswa kwakarurama payo, pamusoro kuti hwaro yakabereka mari pamusika, zvose nokuda nemhosva uye kuti mari.
• Rubatso kubhengi kana zvirambe zviripo - .. bhengi uyu, ane chikuru basa iri kupa yakavimbika okuchengetera yesangano pamusoro makambani, ingava mari, kuchengetedzeka, anokosha nesimbi, etc. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mari inogona kukwezva kubhengi "yavo" kuita uye / kana kubudiswa kwema (asi kunyanya ane basa kunyange mukuru bhuroka). Mukuwedzera, zvirambe zviripo inobatanidzwawo mukugadzirwa nezvembiri pamusoro kwema akenda mari nhoroondo; ongororo pane zvaidiwa realpolitik iri kudzorwa rakati ari bumbiro pavane pamazita zvinangwa. Chokwadi, zvakadaro basa iri kazhinji hombe kubhengi yakasimba dzakanaka mukurumbira.
• meneja - munhu kana, somunhu ushe, kambani inorondedzera yose mubhizimisi nzira, pamwe basa nokuti nechimwe Fund kushandisa mhinduro. Mukuwedzera, ruzhowa Fund maneja uyewo Rinotarisira kushandiswa zvose.
• Board Directors - anoita richiona mabasa basa, uyewo mapoka kuti dzinoita mabasa kune mari. The Board mvumo kugadzirisa kusawirirana uye kunetsana nenyaya pakati shareholders uye mamaneja, gadzai tsvimbo kuti anokosha munzvimbo Fund. Kuti bhodhi nhengo dziri pachako mhosva (kusvika nemutadzi) achiita zvaidiwa zvose ramakanzi Fund mune zvinotaurwa uye mitemo gwaro.
• mutariri - Sarudza mambure kukosha Fund zvisinei maneja, izvo zvinoita kuti munhu chinokosha ngozi zvinoderedza zvinoitirwa zvinofungidzirwa kukanganisa yokupedzisira. Zvisinei, vakuru vakuru vakawanda kupa mashandiro ari ndizvidavirire nhau, kubhadhara zvikwereti, achinyevera shareholders MUNHOROONDO mabasa, kuparadzirwa mari shareholders, uyewo kuzvinyoresa kuti migove / vamapoka uhu uye ruregerero rwavo.
• The chikuru bhuroka - Kazhinji basa iri rakakura mubhizimisi kubhengi chisingazivi vanoita neapo kwema nokuda ruzhowa Fund somunhu oga bhuroka. Primary mari bhuroka inopa zvakasiyana siyana mabasa nyanzvi kwakabatana yokururamisa (kuchena kugarwa pakati emakambani / makambani / nyika kuburikidza zvigadzirwa / kuchengetedzeka / mabasa), vachengetwe basa uye operative rutsigiro.
• wevanoongorora akaunzi - munhu achiita ongororo pokuita pamwe dzemunharaunda ari wemari nhau rokuzvidavirira uye mitemo zvemari. Managing kazhinji anoitisa odhita ose gore, asi kunyange isingawanzowanikwi bvunzo kwakadaro hakuiti zvitadzise nzvimbo iyi iri nemamiriro sangano - pasina wevanoongorora akaunzi Mamwe makambani basa kana yechitatu-party nevasori zvakaoma kubvumirana kugara mari.
• zano Legal - zvinodiwa nechokwadi marezinesi Fund mamiriro, izvo nekanzuru mvumo regulators pasi zvimwe zvinodiwa chaizvo. Rezinesi dzakazonaka zvikuru vakwanise kukura mikana uye akaisa investor nechigadziko, asi vamwe pane kuti, murairidzi wenhoroondo inowanzoshandiswa pakupera zvibvumirano siyana uye zvibvumirano.

Saka anooneka maumbirwo ruzhowa Fund. Zvakare, munzira dzakasiyana-zviitiko, zano iri tsika kunogona kunyanya Yokudzidza (kunyange kusavapo chero pamusoro mifananidzo) kana zvikasadaro munhu zvikuru chakakombama uye zvakaoma.

"The chaiwo mari": mhando uye kupatsanura pahwaro yaipfuurira inivhesitimendi nzira

Uyezve, pasinei STRUCTURAL zvinoriumba, International Monetary kumashure rinotaura mhando nhatu ruzhowa mari:

1. Mari Global - avo mabasa kufukidza yose musika nyika. Zvisinei, nzira kazhinji anovandudza ichi mhando mari nemhaka iyo Kuongororwa uye Zvaifungidzirwa pamusoro simba pakati anogoverana netumedu makambani.
2. Mari Macro - kushanda chete mukati yechinangwa kumusika National chaiwo. Kazhinji kwakavakirwa macroeconomic uye mari zvinoratidza imwe nyika.
3. The hama mutengo mari - pristine chaiwo mhando ruzhowa mari, sezvo vakanga panotanga ivepo. Batanidzwa kwema zvemari mune pamusika wemari kuti kuroorwa nyika ipi, kushandisa zvakanaka yekare nzira Kutengesa overvalued migove uye kutenga unrated. Panyaya iyi, maneja dzose monitors kuitika ezvinhu kumusika kusarudza zvakakodzera zvikuru nguva pachibvumirano uye vawane kunonyanyisa mubereko.

Zvechokwadi, mumaonero kupatsanura pakati siyana munyika pawaitengesa ruzhowa mari haina kugumira ipapo, nokuti shoma kuti kunotadzisa munhu masimba kuumba dzakasiyana-siyana dzokuwedzera subspecies uye matavi, kana kunodiwa.

Kuti uwane mashoko pamusoro kushanda nguva ruzhowa mari

Kudyidzana wokuti Mhedziso vazhinji ruzhowa mari nezvezvandaifanira nhengo makambani refu, saka kuti mipiro yavo varambe panguva dzinoshandiswa mari kwenguva yakareba. Izvi kunyanya chokuita goho pakati mitemo: asi investor vanofanira kudzivisa sangano saizvozvo. mutongo pachine, uye musiyano uri pakati ziviso uye kugumiswa nhengo angava kusvika 2-3 mwedzi (zvichienderana hwakagadzwa mirayiro). Chimwe kazhinji vasangana mu tsika nzira - yepakarepo kushaya zvipo zvose zviri mari, asi mutengo kuti kutengwa / kutengeswa zvinhu iri pakutsvaga Fund zvakananga. Uye, chokwadi, kazhinji nyaya dzakadaro, musiyano pakati pavo zvasvika inokosha zvikuru zviratidzo.

Somuenzaniso, kana kupinda, vachisiya kana zvikasadaro ari kukwana rutapudzo anotsigira ayo akazara Vhoriyamu oupfumi pamusoro mumwe nomumwe ari aongorora uye, naizvozvovo, kuti kuenzana reshiyo ari kuchinja. Kugumiswa nhengo vanoverengeka makambani aigona yekudyidzana kuwedzera nhamba purofiti pakati yasara: utariri anogona abhadhare depositors kusiya kure anobudirira zvikuru mari, vachisiya vaizotibata zvikuru zvavo Portfolio yenyu. Saka, pashure penguva, ruzhowa mari kuwana unopinza kuwedzera kudzoka musi guta nokuda mupiro kare chikamu kusika mari uye zvadaro wakasuduruka kuenda makambani, asi havasati aiva nguva kusvika kuti zvokusvika mubereko yakafanira zvinobatsira. Zvisinei, kana rusvingo Fund nhau vakaona simba kuitika kune tichishingaira hwomukova makambani, kubva zvachose vanetsane muchimiro vakawanda vanetseka napanobudiwa napo vamwe uye hapana angati. Kazhinji, hwakazara kwete chete kuwa kudzoka musi guru, asiwo kusauka yose sangano wakakwana.

More zvakawanda kupfuura akasiyana nzvimbo mari iri mari, ndicho dzimwe nyika mumatare. Mari ruzhowa havasi chete coefficient mumwe asi anodawo mari, uye 2% muna kurapa zvinhu pachavo uye 20% chero purofiti. Panyaya iyi, maneja kurasa mari uye haana kuuya chero mari, iye, maererano Zvipupuriro kukumbanidzwa, chero zvazvingava kunyange kana, mune izvi 2% of zvachose Vhoriyamu dzinodzorwa yesangano (hurongwa yakadaro yave zvakakodzera ainzi "2 uye 20"). Akadaro hurongwa basa kupomera kwaiitwa Ruzhinji rwakapindura kwenyika ruzhowa mari. Zvisinei, vaongorori vakawanda zvino kunyanya kusimbisa zvinoitwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinjirwa mari negadziriro "1 uye 10". In Kana kana kudzorwa haasi kungoshamisira mhosva kukarukureta kubva unhu yesangano, zviri nokufukidzwa wakakwirira chikamu basa pamusoro purofiti kunotangira.

In Vachitsvaka purofiti makuru: mabasa panguva ane mari nzira

Mikana zvikuru siyana uye nzvimbo mari, uyewo mugumisiro dzakawanda dzakasiyana zvinhu nguva dzose pave kumarudzi Implementation kuti michina mitsva nokuda mari ruzhowa mari. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, ano inokosha nzira basa dzemari munda zvinobvira patsanura rwakafanana marudzi shoma:

• Long / pfupi nzvimbo (Long / pfupi nzvimbo) - kazhinji ruzhowa mari yakadaro nzira basa 40% vayo zvinhu. Zviri kuwana undervalued zvinhu (refu) uye vachitengesa overrated (pfupi).
• Market-kwazvakarerekera arbitrage (Market-Zvenyika Arbitrage) - chete anoshanda kana mumwe chete zvinhu zvemari mune chamunowana exchanges siyana. The kuzvidzora kunosanganisira refu nechinzvimbo pamusoro overvalued yesangano iri imwe mukutsinhana uye pfupi panorumwe - apo zvakafanana ndeizvi overvalued.
• Zvakaitwa nezvezviitiko (Event Zvigayo) - urongwa hunobva isingaruramisiri ukoshi anogoverana chero makambani kuti inini zvimwe kuchinja (kana batanidzo, kutora, nokubatanidzwazve, etc ...). Managing ukabata kunobatsira nguva yokuti kwema (Utenge / ikatengesa) kuti vaenzanise ichidzvinyirira mitengo aya pamisika.
• Short nzvimbo (Short kutsvetera) - kana ichi nzira Fund kazhinji akabata pfupi zvepamusoro, mari musika kuderera.
• The ukoshi chaihwo (Value) - iri mubhizimisi akaita securities kuti vanotengeswa panguva dhisikaundi kuti dambudziko yesangano kana undervalued nokuda musika.
• Crisis kuchengetedzeka (Kwevanotambura kuchengetedzeka) - kutenga anogoverana pane kwakadzika dhisikaundi uye munataisireva makambani dziri vava kuda kusauka kana kugadzirisa. Bhizimisi nzira iyi yokuti somugumisiro munyika kuchinja kuti makambani akasarudzwa zvichava zvikuru simba, vachiuya hazvindibatsiri.

Kazhinji, mari kunge akarwawo yakavhenganiswa nzira, uchishandisa unotiranga, vanoverengeka dzokudzidzisa basa rakapiwa kumusoro.

Standard chengetedzo: ndezvipi mitemo mutambo uye zvireruke kutsivana ruzhowa mari?

Zvikuru nguva rweminzwa mari vari voga musika nyika nokuda pachivande kwavo uye kunonoka mutemo kwema zvemari. Zvisinei, kwakakwana mhirizhonga uye rusununguko chiito, Chokwadi, matauriro ndisingazombokwanisi - normative murau waiva mari, uye nguva dzose vachadaro. Mazuvano, vakapiwa dzavo kukura nokukurumidza simba pamusoro pamisika nyika uye kuwedzera kakawanda kuratidzwa siyana dzevanhu uye Insider zvokutengeserana, kuna hoc makomisheni uye zviremera akuteerere uye kuzvidzora zvikuru kwazvo kupfuura kare.

Zvikurukuru, akatanga March 2012, mabasa Act (Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act) pashure imwe nguva vakanga vachinja nokururamisira rinokosha mune ruzhowa mari. Kunotangwa senzira kukurudzira mari dzakasiyana-siyana duku mabhizimisi masangano, chiito simba kudzora kuchengetedzeka pamusika. Nemhaka mutemo mutsva, ruzhowa mari, akapiwa yavo mubhizimisi mikana, vava kutoda rinobatsirwa mikuru guta nokuda kutanga kupota uye madiki. Zvadaro, chiito ichi aiva pesvedzero huru September 2013 pamusoro vachisimudza arambidzwa pakushambadzira kuti ruzhowa mari uye yemakambani kupa munhu placement pakati kuchengetedzeka.

Munyika dzakawanda, rusvingo mari vanosungirwa kuti vaudze hurumende masimba mari panguva chikumbiro wokutanga guru nzvimbo zvibvumirano pamusoro dzimwe mari, uyewo kunoudza pamusoro zvinzvimbo zvavo pamusoro richangobva kubudiswa mu wokufambisa kana vari kugadzirira kuti ape kuchengetedzeka. matanho akadaro akatanga zvakananga kuti dzisanyanya mari laundering uye nokusimbaradza kudzora kufamba guru kune guru vatambi regai kanganisa pamusoro zvido nevatambi duku mumusika.

Uyezve, mutemo wehurumende kudzora ruzhowa mari uye nechinangwa kuderedza systemic ngozi destabilization mari ezvinhu yose. Izvi zvinoratidzwa murau zvaidiwa kuti ukuru kumahombekombe, rubatso uye ichikutadzisa kuti vanozoshanda ezvemari yakazarukira munhu vatengi.

Kuitira kudzivirira ngozi kukweretesa ruzhowa mari yakakura chikuru nevaichinja nemabhangi zuva nezuva vari Re-vanoongorora zvinzvimbo zvavo hama nezvenzvimbo pamusika mutengo irimo mari. zvikwereti izvi zvinofanira kupiwa pamwe zvakakwana rubatso muchimiro zvinhu zvinokosha. Uyezve, mabhengi vane kodzero zivai pokugumira anokweretesa nerimwe mari yoga, kwakavakirwa ravo richiona pamusoro mubhizimisi nzira, pamwedzi mari, nyaya vachisiya vanoita uye nhoroondo bhizimisi ukama.

Anobudirira zvikuru ruzhowa mari munyika nhasi

Zvichakadai, kwete yakanakisisa nguva ruzhowa mari anoramba kudhonza kunyange rapera gore. Vose purofiti nhamba yakanga kuvatumwa avhareji tsika zvakanyorwa kare mashoma apfuura: chikuru ruzhowa mari vaiwana $ mamiriyoni 517,6 gore rapera, chii? nevamwe nyanzvi? nani kunoguma 2014, asi yose 40% zvishoma kana tichienzanisa haibatsiri chichiwanikwa muna 2013.

Zvisinei, mutengo zvose yesangano, kana zvimwe mune mabasa ruzhowa mari, yakawedzera anenge $ 51,7 mabhiriyoni, kusvika zvachose inofungidzirwa mari $ 2,97 tiririyoni.

The akaipa nevakawanda haibatsiri kuderera zvakajeka zvinoratidza kwete chete zvaioneka mari nezvinhu kutambudza kunyange yakanakisisa ruzhowa mari munyika, asi kuchinja pachena muna ratings akasimba pamusika vatambi. It yakarasikirwa nzvimbo yaro anozivikanwa nhamba akadai Dzhon Polson pamusoro Paulson uye Co., Leon Cooperman pamusoro Omega Advisors, uyewo Daniel Loeb pamusoro Third Point. vaimbova nzvimbo dzavo zvakasimba midzi vatambi akadai Ken Griffin pamusoro nhare uye Dzheyms Saymons pamusoro Renaissance Technologies. Both ya2015 vakakwanisa kuwana zvinyorwa $ 1,7 billion, saka chakaipa huchikwira nechigadziko akasimba ruzhowa Fund mamaneja.

Rating ruzhowa mari anogona siyana zvikuru, achikanda ichiramba pasi kare, vaiita, nguva-akaedzwa uye vatungamiriri pamusika. Tichasimbiswawo chinzvimbo chayo ano pamusoro vatambi havasi kutambura kusvika pakupera kwegore kuchikosha nezvinhu - chete nguva vachakuudza. Panguva ino, utungamiriri ose nyika kuti ruzhowa Fund chinobatanidza gumi kudzora ichi:

meneja	hwaro	batsiro
Kenneth Griffin	nhare	$ 1,7 billion
Dzheyms Harris Simons	Renaissance	$ 1,7 billion
Ray Dalio	Bridgewater	$ 1.4 billion
David Tepper	Appaloosa	$ 1.4 billion
Israel Inglander	Millenium Mgmt	$ 1.15 billion
Devid Shou	DE Shaw	$ Mamiriyoni 750
John Overdek	Two Sigma	$ 500 miriyoni
David Siegel	Two Sigma	$ 500 miriyoni
Andreas Halvorsen	Viking Global	$ Mamiriyoni 370
Dzhozef Edelman	okunzwisisa Advisors	$ Mamiriyoni 300

Ruzhowa mari Russia: ratings, tarisiro uye dzinokura ataurwa

Not zvikuru zvinobatsira nguva ruzhowa mari uyewo zvakakanganisa Russian ishamwari kuAmerican vatengesi. Achiratidza kunaka anodzoka, zvinhu pamwe mudzimba nemari yose iri shoma mavara pane kumadokero kumusika, uko masangano akadaro vanoonekwa kuti mumwe zviridzwa mari chakavimbika kupfuura, anoramba achiunza kusvika 20% kudzoka musi mari shoma ngozi kakawanda.

MuRussia, mari mari Anonyanyowanika anomirirwa yakawiriranwa mari (yakawiriranwa mubhizimisi mari) uye mari zvakanaka (general mari kuti bhangi zvakanaka). Zvikurukuru ruzhowa Mari of Moscow kazhinji vane mamiriro kuvimbana. Total otchestvennyh ruzhowa Fund zvino anenge matanhatu dhazeni. Zvakafanana mufananidzo rakanyoreswa nepakati eighties muna US, apo mumusika mumazuva iwayo vanoongwa mari ruzhowa zvechokwadi. MuRussia, mumutemo yekudyidzana rinokutadzisa ari zvishandiso mari, tisingabvumiri kushandiswa eumambo uwandu nzira mumusika. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, guru chikamu Russian mubhizimisi kudyidzana pamutemo pemvura dzinodengenyeka.

Naizvozvo, kuitwa wandei kuchinja mitemo panyaya anogona yekudyidzana inotokonya Russian ruzhowa mari dzavo kukura kwoupfumi, vachibvumira kutora basa zvikuru rakasiyana-siyana mitemo.

Kunyange mari ruzhowa mu Russia hakusi kwakajairika kuMadokero, hunoshamisa mienzaniso vatungamiriri vanogona kukwikwidzana pamwe vakwikwidzi panguva dzakawanda vanochiva tichiri ikoko. Inonyatsobudirira kwavari VR Global Offshore Fund, uyo mari kuti gore racho 32,32%. Asi zvakadaro zvinyorwa nokuda VR Global Offshore Fund mumhuri pamusika goho kubudirira ichivharira mari: uhu ane chikuru chikamu fines kuti makambani kuti pamudyandigere - 4.5%. Diamond Age Atlas Fund akawana zvishoma - 22,92% of zvachose purofiti, achisiya Copperstone Alpha Fund pamusoro rechitatu mutsara Rating. Bronze medalist akakwanisa kukura mukati gore 22,06%.

Pakupedzisira, panzvimbo yechina dziri Burnem Chakanaka Management, ane mari vakasvika 17,63% gore rapera.

Mumaoko mana dzataurwa pamusoro apa mari iri pfungwa anenge 80% (mabhiriyoni 3,425 emadhora) zvachose zvinhu zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe vakwikwidzi vari pamusika weRussia. Vanopfuura hafu mari idzi - 1634000000 - anazvo VR Global Offshore Fund.

Personal chiitiko ruzhowa mari iri review, musika vatambi pachavo

Nhasi, ruzhowa mari - izvi ndezvimwe zvikuru kunobatsira uye panguva imwecheteyo akatsiga zvikuru mari kudyidzana pakati dzimwe inotsiva vakawanda vanopedzisira wanhasi. Large nyanzvi Entrepreneurs uye vanamuzvinabhizimisi kundotsvaka purofiti, sezvinoita mutemo, nguva dzose akati sezvo chepamusorosoro Kuisa tsika nemari zvavakanga basa atambira mari yavo zvakaoma, ndiko noruzhowa mari. Reviews kunaka Wongororo zvakanaka - zvichida zvino zvazvo munhu achavimba mafungiro neznakomtsev- "mipiro" iri pomumbure, kana chokunyepera nhoroondo vava anenge mumwe chikuru zvishandiso yezvokutengeserana.

Mumwe nyaya iri kuti njodzi vagara, zvino, uye icharamba, kunyanya vari upfumi. Saka, kwete mumwe nomumwe ruzhowa mari zvinogona chaizvoizvo kuva Panodyidzanwa mari, asi kuti pave nyepera kupoteredza zita rake nokuda chete nomutemo chinangwa - kubiridzira.

Chimwe chezvinhu chazezesa kacho aiva vanonyengedza Bernard Madoff, mutengo vanoita Madoff Investment kuchengetedzeka inenge $ 50 mabhiriyoni. Mari yake mari, mari hwokupinda izvo vakasvika mamiriyoni akawanda eU.S., aizivikanwa zhinji vanhu yakakwirira munzanga. Madoff pachake aizivikanwawo ake norupo anoyamura yaiitirwa ari kutsvakurudza kenza uye chirwere cheshuga, mune nesarudzo muchivanze kunodyira US Democratic Party, uyewo pamusoro pokumuka tsika uye dzidzo masangano.

Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuponesa Fund kubva pedyo pashure dambudziko muna 1995 kugadzirisa mubhizimisi Kudyidzana kuti zvemari piramidhi. Zvisinei, iye akasika sefuro dzinoputika mukupera 2008, pashure iyo Madoff akatongerwa mujeri makore 150.

A Vatambi here ruzivo (vanhu vasiri mamiriyoni rokutanga vakarumbidzwa nokuda mari mari) zvikurukuru kutarisa yakarumbidza shoma huwandu chiyamuro. Kana akaenzana zvichidzika pane $ 50,000, ipapo unogona kuva nechokwadi kuti chokwadi - iwe nezvinoda munhu HYIP, yakazonyorwa sezvo ruzhowa mari. Somuenzaniso, nguva-akaedzwa uye hwakawanda vatengi mhiri kwemakungwa ruzhowa mari vari risingamboshandisi mubhizimisi kuti $ 100,000.